Textorah

Numbers 4

1
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying:
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ Ἀαρὼν, λέγεν,
And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying,
2
נָשֹׂא אֶת־רֹאשׁ בְּנֵי קְהָת מִתּוֹךְ בְּנֵי לֵוִי לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם
'Take the sum of the sons of Kohath from among the sons of Levi, by their families, by their fathers' houses,
λάβε τὸ κεφάλαιον τῶν υἱῶν Καὰθ ἐκ μέσου υἱῶν Λευὶ, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν,
Take the sum of the children of Kohath from the midst of the sons of Levi, after their families, according to the houses of their fathers’ households;
3
מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה כָּל־בָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
from thirty years old and upward even until fifty years old, all that enter upon the service, to do work in the tent of meeting.
ἀπὸ εἴκοσι καὶ πέντε ἐτῶν καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντήκοντα ἐτῶν, πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν, ποιῆσαι πάντα τὰ ἔργα ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
from twenty-five years old and upward until fifty years, everyone that goes in to minister, to do all the works in the tabernacle of witness.
4
זֹאת עֲבֹדַת בְּנֵי־קְהָת בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים
This is the service of the sons of Kohath in the tent of meeting, about the most holy things:
Καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ἔργα τῶν υἱῶν Καὰθ ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου· ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων.
And these are the works of the sons of Kohath in the tabernacle of witness; it is most holy.
5
וּבָא אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו בִּנְסֹעַ הַמַּחֲנֶה וְהוֹרִדוּ אֵת פָּרֹכֶת הַמָּסָךְ וְכִסּוּ־בָהּ אֵת אֲרֹן הָעֵדֻת
when the camp setteth forward, Aaron shall go in, and his sons, and they shall take down the veil of the screen, and cover the ark of the testimony with it;
Καὶ εἰσελεύσεται Ἀαρὼν καὶ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅταν ἐξαίρῃ ἡ παρεμβολὴ, καὶ καθελοῦσι τὸ καταπέτασμα τὸ συσκιάζον, καὶ κατακαλύψουσιν ἐν αὐτῷ τὴν κιβωτὸν τοῦ μαρτυρίου,
And Aaron and his sons shall go in, when the camp is about to move, and shall take down the shadowing veil, and shall cover with it the ark of the testimony.
6
וְנָתְנוּ עָלָיו כְּסוּי עוֹר תַּחַשׁ וּפָרְשׂוּ בֶגֶד־כְּלִיל תְּכֵלֶת מִלְמָעְלָה וְשָׂמוּ בַּדָּיו
and shall put thereon a covering of sealskin, and shall spread over it a cloth all of blue, and shall set the staves thereof.
καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν ἐπʼ αὐτὸ κατακάλυμμα δέρμα ὑακίνθινον, καὶ ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐπʼ αὐτὴν ἱμάτιον ὅλον ὑακίνθινον ἄνωθεν, καὶ διεμβαλοῦσι τοὺς ἀναφορεῖς.
And they shall put on it a cover, even a blue skin, and put on it above a garment all of blue, and shall put the staffs through [the rings].
7
וְעַל שֻׁלְחַן הַפָּנִים יִפְרְשׂוּ בֶּגֶד תְּכֵלֶת וְנָתְנוּ עָלָיו אֶת־הַקְּעָרֹת וְאֶת־הַכַּפֹּת וְאֶת־הַמְּנַקִּיֹּת וְאֵת קְשׂוֹת הַנָּסֶךְ וְלֶחֶם הַתָּמִיד עָלָיו יִהְיֶה
And upon the table of showbread they shall spread a cloth of blue, and put thereon the dishes, and the pans, and the bowls, and the jars wherewith to pour out; and the continual bread shall remain thereon.
Καὶ ἐπί τὴν τράπεζαν τὴν προκειμένην ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐπʼ αὐτὴν ἱμάτιον ὁλοπόρφυρον, καὶ τὰ τρυβλία, καὶ τὰς θυΐσκας, καὶ τοὺς κυάθους, καὶ τὰ σπονδεῖα ἐν οἷς σπένδει, καὶ οἱ ἄρτοι οἳ διαπαντὸς ἐπʼ αὐτῆς ἔσονται.
And they shall put on the table set forth for showbread a cloth all of purple, and the dishes, and the censers, and the cups, and the vessels with which one offers drink offerings; and the continual loaves shall be upon it.
8
וּפָרְשׂוּ עֲלֵיהֶם בֶּגֶד תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי וְכִסּוּ אֹתוֹ בְּמִכְסֵה עוֹר תָּחַשׁ וְשָׂמוּ אֶת־בַּדָּיו
And they shall spread upon them a cloth of scarlet, and cover the same with a covering of sealskin, and shall set the staves thereof.
Καὶ ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐπʼ αὐτὴν ἱμάτιον κόκκινον, καὶ καλύψουσιν αὐτὴν καλύμματι δερματίνῳ ὑακινθίνῳ, καὶ διεμβαλοῦσι διʼ αὐτῆς τοὺς ἀναφορεῖς.
And they shall put upon it a scarlet cloth, and they shall cover it with a blue covering of skin, and they shall put the staffs into it.
9
וְלָקְחוּ בֶּגֶד תְּכֵלֶת וְכִסּוּ אֶת־מְנֹרַת הַמָּאוֹר וְאֶת־נֵרֹתֶיהָ וְאֶת־מַלְקָחֶיהָ וְאֶת־מַחְתֹּתֶיהָ וְאֵת כָּל־כְּלֵי שַׁמְנָהּ אֲשֶׁר יְשָׁרְתוּ־לָהּ בָּהֶם
And they shall take a cloth of blue, and cover the candlestick of the light, and its lamps, and its tongs, and its snuffdishes, and all the oil vessels thereof, wherewith they minister unto it.
Καὶ λήψονται ἱμάτιον ὑακίνθινον, καὶ καλύψουσι τὴν λυχνίαν τὴν φωτίζουσαν, καὶ τοὺς λύχνους αὐτῆς, καὶ τὰς λαβίδας αὐτῆς, καὶ τὰς ἐπαρυστρίδας αὐτῆς, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἀγγεῖα τοῦ ἐλαίου οἷς λειτουργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς.
And they shall take a blue covering, and cover the candlestick that gives light, and its lamps, and its snuffers, and its funnels, and all the vessels of oil with which they minister.
10
וְנָתְנוּ אֹתָהּ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלֶיהָ אֶל־מִכְסֵה עוֹר תָּחַשׁ וְנָתְנוּ עַל־הַמּוֹט
And they shall put it and all the vessels thereof within a covering of sealskin, and shall put it upon a bar.
Καὶ ἐμβαλοῦσιν αὐτὴν, καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς, εἰς κάλυμμα δερμάτινον ὑακίνθινον, καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν αὐτὴν ἐπʼ ἀναφορέων.
And they shall put it, and all its vessels, into a blue skin cover; and they shall put it on bearers.
11
וְעַל מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב יִפְרְשׂוּ בֶּגֶד תְּכֵלֶת וְכִסּוּ אֹתוֹ בְּמִכְסֵה עוֹר תָּחַשׁ וְשָׂמוּ אֶת־בַּדָּיו
And upon the golden altar they shall spread a cloth of blue, and cover it with a covering of sealskin, and shall set the staves thereof.
Καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν ἐπικαλύψουσιν ἱμάτιον ὑακίνθινον, καὶ καλύψουσιν αὐτὸ καλύμματι δερματίνῳ ὑακινθίνῳ, καὶ διεμβαλοῦσι τοὺς ἀναφορεῖς αὐτοῦ.
And they shall put a blue cloth for a cover on the golden altar, and shall cover it with a blue skin cover, and put in its staffs.
12
וְלָקְחוּ אֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵי הַשָּׁרֵת אֲשֶׁר יְשָׁרְתוּ־בָם בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וְנָתְנוּ אֶל־בֶּגֶד תְּכֵלֶת וְכִסּוּ אוֹתָם בְּמִכְסֵה עוֹר תָּחַשׁ וְנָתְנוּ עַל־הַמּוֹט
And they shall take all the vessels of ministry, wherewith they minister in the sanctuary, and put them in a cloth of blue, and cover them with a covering of sealskin, and shall put them on a bar.
καὶ λήψονται πάντα τὰ σκεύη τὰ λειτουργικὰ ὅσα λειτουργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις· καὶ ἐμβαλοῦσιν εἰς ἱμάτιον ὑακίνθινον, καὶ καλύψουσιν αὐτὰ καλύμματι δερματίνῳ ὑακινθίνῳ, καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν ἐπὶ ἀναφορεῖς.
And they shall take all the instruments of service, with which they minister in the sanctuary: and shall place them in a cloth of blue, and shall cover them with blue skin covering, and put them upon staffs.
13
וְדִשְּׁנוּ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּפָרְשׂוּ עָלָיו בֶּגֶד אַרְגָּמָן
And they shall take away the ashes from the altar, and spread a purple cloth thereon.
Καὶ τὸν καλυπτῆρα ἐπιθήσει ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον, καὶ ἐπικαλύψουσιν ἐπʼ αὐτὸ ἱμάτιον ὁλοπόρφυρον.
And he shall put the covering on the altar, and they shall cover it with a cloth all of purple.
14
וְנָתְנוּ עָלָיו אֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָיו אֲשֶׁר יְשָׁרְתוּ עָלָיו בָּהֶם אֶת־הַמַּחְתֹּת אֶת־הַמִּזְלָגֹת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִים וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָקֹת כֹּל כְּלֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּפָרְשׂוּ עָלָיו כְּסוּי עוֹר תַּחַשׁ וְשָׂמוּ בַדָּיו
And they shall put upon it all the vessels thereof, wherewith they minister about it, the fire-pans, the flesh-hooks, and the shovels, and the basins, all the vessels of the altar; and they shall spread upon it a covering of sealskin, and set the staves thereof.
Καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν ἐπʼ αὐτὸ πάντα τὰ σκεύη ὅσοις λειτουργοῦσιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ τὰ πυρεῖα, καὶ τὰς κρεάγρας, καὶ τὰς φιάλας, καὶ τὸν καλυπτῆρα, καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου· καὶ ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐπʼ αὐτὸ κάλυμμα δερμάτινον ὑακίνθινον, καὶ διεμβαλοῦσι τοὺς ἀναφορεῖς αὐτοῦ· καὶ λήψονται ἱμάτιον πορφυροῦν, καὶ συγκαλύψουσι τὸν λουτῆρα καὶ τὴν βάσιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐμβαλοῦσιν αὐτὸ εἰς κάλυμμα δερμάτινον ὑακίνθινον, καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν ἐπὶ ἀναφορεῖς,
And they shall put upon it all the vessels with which they minister upon it, and the fire pans, and the fleshhooks, and the cups, and the cover, and all the vessels of the altar; and they shall put on it a blue cover of skins, and shall put in its staffs; and they shall take a purple cloth, and cover the laver and its foot, and they shall put it into a blue cover of skin, and put it on bars.
15
וְכִלָּה אַהֲרֹן־וּבָנָיו לְכַסֹּת אֶת־הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְאֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ בִּנְסֹעַ ה͏ַמַּחֲנֶה וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵן יָבֹאוּ בְנֵי־קְהָת לָשֵׂאת וְלֹא־יִגְּעוּ אֶל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ וָמֵתוּ אֵלֶּה מַשָּׂא בְנֵי־קְהָת בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
And when Aaron and his sons have made an end of covering the holy furniture, and all the holy vessels, as the camp is to set forward--after that, the sons of Kohath shall come to bear them; but they shall not touch the holy things, lest they die. These things are the burden of the sons of Kohath in the tent of meeting.
καὶ συντελέσουσιν Ἀαρὼν καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ, καλύπτοντες τὰ ἅγια, καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια, ἐν τῷ ἐξαίρειν τὴν παρεμβολήν· καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσονται υἱοὶ Καὰθ αἴρειν, καὶ οὐχ ἅψονται τῶν ἁγίων, ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωσι· ταῦτα ἀροῦσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Καὰθ ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
And Aaron and his sons shall finish covering the holy things, and all the holy vessels, when the camp begins to move; and afterward the sons of Kohath shall go in to take up [the furniture]; but shall not touch the holy things, lest they die: these shall the sons of Kohath bear in the tabernacle of witness.
16
וּפְקֻדַּת אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן שֶׁמֶן הַמָּאוֹר וּקְטֹרֶת הַסַּמִּים וּמִנְחַת הַתָּמִיד וְשֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה פְּקֻדַּת כָּל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ בְּקֹדֶשׁ וּבְכֵלָיו
And the charge of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be the oil for the light, and the sweet incense, and the continual meal-offering, and the anointing oil: he shall have the charge of all the tabernacle, and of all that therein is, whether it be the sanctuary, or the furniture thereof.'
Ἐπίσκοπος Ἐλεάζαρ υἱὸς Ἀαρὼν τοῦ ἱερέως, τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ φωτὸς, καὶ τὸ θυμίαμα τῆς συνθέσεως, καὶ ἡ θυσία ἡ καθʼ ἡμέραν, καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως, ἡ ἐπισκοπὴ ὅλης τῆς σκηνῆς, καὶ ὅσα ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῇ ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ, ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις.
Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest is overseer—the oil of the light, and the incense of composition, and the daily meat offering and the anointing oil, are his charge; even the oversight of the whole tabernacle, and all things that are in it in the holy place, in all the works.
17
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying:
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ Ἀαρὼν, λέγων,
And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying,
18
אַל־תַּכְרִיתוּ אֶת־שֵׁבֶט מִשְׁפְּחֹת הַקְּהָתִי מִתּוֹךְ הַלְוִיִּם
'Cut ye not off the tribe of the families of the Kohathites from among the Levites;
μὴ ὀλοθρεύσητε τῆς φυλῆς τὸν δῆμον τὸν Καὰθ ἐκ μέσου τῶν Λευιτῶν.
Ye shall not destroy the family of Kohath from the tribe out of the midst of the Levites.
19
וְזֹאת עֲשׂוּ לָהֶם וְחָיוּ וְלֹא יָמֻתוּ בְּגִשְׁתָּם אֶת־קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו יָבֹאוּ וְשָׂמוּ אוֹתָם אִישׁ אִישׁ עַל־עֲבֹדָתוֹ וְאֶל־מַשָּׂאוֹ
but thus do unto them, that they may live, and not die, when they approach unto the most holy things: Aaron and his sons shall go in, and appoint them every one to his service and to his burden;
Τοῦτο ποιήσατε αὐτοῖς, καὶ ζήσονται καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνωσι, προσπορευομένων αὐτῶν πρὸς τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων· Ἀαρὼν καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ προσπορεύεσθωσαν, καὶ καταστήσουσιν αὐτοὺς ἕκαστον κατὰ τὴν ἀναφορὰν αὐτοῦ,
This do ye to them, and they shall live and not die, when they approach the holy of holies: Let Aaron and his sons advance, and they shall place them each in his post for bearing.
20
וְלֹא־יָבֹאוּ לִרְאוֹת כְּבַלַּע אֶת־הַקֹּדֶשׁ וָמֵתוּ
but they shall not go in to see the holy things as they are being covered, lest they die.'
καὶ οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθωσιν ἰδεῖν ἐξάπινα τὰ ἅγια, καὶ ἀποθανοῦνται.
And [so] they shall by no means go in to look suddenly upon the holy things, and die.
21
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto Moses saying:
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων,
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
22
נָשֹׂא אֶת־רֹאשׁ בְּנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן גַּם־הֵם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם
'Take the sum of the sons of Gershon also, by their fathers' houses, by their families;
λάβε τὴν ἀρχὴν τῶν υἱῶν Γεδσὼν, καὶ τούτους κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν,
Take the sum of the children of Gershon, and these according to the houses of their lineage, according to their families.
23
מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה עַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה תִּפְקֹד אוֹתָם כָּל־הַבָּא לִצְבֹא צָבָא לַעֲבֹד עֲבֹדָה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
from thirty years old and upward until fifty years old shalt thou number them: all that enter in to wait upon the service, to do service in the tent of meeting.
ἀπὸ πέντε καὶ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς ἐπίσκεψαι αὐτοὺς, πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν, ποιεῖν τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
Take the number of them from five and twenty years old and upward until the age of fifty, every one that goes in to minister, to do his business in the tabernacle of witness.
24
זֹאת עֲבֹדַת מִשְׁפְּחֹת הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּי לַעֲבֹד וּלְמַשָּׂא
This is the service of the families of the Gershonites, in serving and in bearing burdens:
Αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Γεδσὼν, λειτουργεῖν καὶ αἴρειν.
This [is] the public service of the family of Gershon, to minister and to bear.
25
וְנָשְׂאוּ אֶת־יְרִיעֹת הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְאֶת־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד מִכְסֵהוּ וּמִכְסֵה הַתַּחַשׁ אֲשֶׁר־עָלָיו מִלְמָעְלָה וְאֶת־מָסַךְ פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
they shall bear the curtains of the tabernacle, and the tent of meeting, its covering, and the covering of sealskin that is above upon it, and the screen for the door of the tent of meeting;
Καὶ ἀρεῖ τὰς δέῤῥεις τῆς σκηνῆς, καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου, καὶ τὸ κάλυμμα αὐτῆς, καὶ τὸ κατακάλυμμα τὸ ὑακίνθινον τὸ ὂν ἐπʼ αὐτῆς ἄνωθεν, καὶ τὸ κάλυμμα τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου,
And they shall bear the skins of the tabernacle, and the tabernacle of witness, and its veil, and the blue cover that was on it above, and the cover of the door of the tabernacle of witness.
26
וְאֵת קַלְעֵי הֶחָצֵר וְאֶת־מָסַךְ פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הֶחָצֵר אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְעַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב וְאֵת מֵיתְרֵיהֶם וְאֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵי עֲבֹדָתָם וְאֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר יֵעָשֶׂה לָהֶם וְעָבָדוּ
and the hangings of the court, and the screen for the door of the gate of the court, which is by the tabernacle and by the altar round about, and their cords, and all the instruments of their service, and whatsoever there may be to do with them, therein shall they serve.
καὶ τὰ ἱστία τῆς αὐλῆς, ὅσα ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου, καὶ τὰ περισσὰ, καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τὰ λειτουργικὰ ὅσα λειτουργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ποιήσουσι.
And all the curtains of the court which were upon the tabernacle of witness, and the appendages, and all the vessels of service that they minister with they shall attend to.
27
עַל־פִּי אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו תִּהְיֶה כָּל־עֲבֹדַת בְּנֵי הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּי לְכָל־מַשָּׂאָם וּלְכֹל עֲבֹדָתָם וּפְקַדְתֶּם עֲלֵהֶם בְּמִשְׁמֶרֶת אֵת כָּל־מַשָּׂאָם
At the commandment of Aaron and his sons shall be all the service of the sons of the Gershonites, in all their burden, and in all their service; and ye shall appoint unto them in charge all their burden.
Κατὰ στόμα Ἀαρὼν καὶ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ ἔσται ἡ λειτουργία τῶν υἱῶν Γεδσὼν κατὰ πάσας τὰς λειτουργίας αὐτῶν, καὶ κατὰ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν· καὶ ἐπισκέψῃ αὐτοὺς ἐξ ὀνόματος πάντα τὰ ἀρτὰ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν.
According to the direction of Aaron and his sons shall be the ministry of the sons of Gershon, in all their ministries, and in all their works; and thou shalt take account of them by name in all things borne by them.
28
זֹאת עֲבֹדַת מִשְׁפְּחֹת בְּנֵי הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּי בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וּמִשְׁמַרְתָּם בְּיַד אִיתָמָר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן
This is the service of the families of the sons of the Gershonites in the tent of meeting; and their charge shall be under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.
Αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία τῶν υἱῶν Γεδσὼν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, καὶ ἡ φυλακὴ αὐτῶν ἐν χειρὶ Ἰθάμαρ τοῦ υἱοῦ Ἀαρὼν τοῦ ἱερέως.
This is the service of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of witness, and their charge by the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.
29
בְּנֵי מְרָרִי לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית־אֲבֹתָם תִּפְקֹד אֹתָם
As for the sons of Merari, thou shalt number them by their families, by their fathers' houses;
Οἱ υἱοὶ Μεραρὶ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτοὺς,
The sons of Merari according to their families, according to the houses of their lineage, take ye the number of them.
30
מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה תִּפְקְדֵם כָּל־הַבָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲבֹד אֶת־עֲבֹדַת אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
from thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old shalt thou number them, every one that entereth upon the service, to do the work of the tent of meeting.
ἀπὸ πέντε καὶ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτοὺς, πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν τὰ ἔργα τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
Take the number of them from five and twenty years old and upward until fifty years old, everyone that goes in to perform the services of the tabernacle of witness.
31
וְזֹאת מִשְׁמֶרֶת מַשָּׂאָם לְכָל־עֲבֹדָתָם בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד קַרְשֵׁי הַמִּשְׁכָּן וּבְרִיחָיו וְעַמּוּדָיו וַאֲדָנָיו
And this is the charge of their burden, according to all their service in the tent of meeting: the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and the sockets thereof;
Καὶ ταῦτα τὰ φυλάγματα τῶν αἰρομένων ὑπʼ αὐτῶν κατὰ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου· τὰς κεφαλίδας τῆς σκηνῆς, καὶ τοὺς μοχλοὺς, καὶ τοὺς στύλους αὐτῆς, καὶ τὰς βάσεις αὐτῆς, καὶ τὸ κατακάλυμμα, καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ στύλοι αὐτῶν, καὶ τὸ κατακάλυμμα τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς,
And these are the charges of the things borne by them according to all their works in the tabernacle of witness: they shall bear the chapiters of the tabernacle, and the bars, and its pillars, and its sockets, and the veil, and [there shall be] their sockets, and their pillars, and the curtain of the door of the tabernacle.
32
וְעַמּוּדֵי הֶחָצֵר סָבִיב וְאַדְנֵיהֶם וִיתֵדֹתָם וּמֵיתְרֵיהֶם לְכָל־כְּלֵיהֶם וּלְכֹל עֲבֹדָתָם וּבְשֵׁמֹת תִּפְקְדוּ אֶת־כְּלֵי מִשְׁמֶרֶת מַשָּׂאָם
and the pillars of the court round about, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords, even all their appurtenance, and all that pertaineth to their service; and by name ye shall appoint the instruments of the charge of their burden.
καὶ τοὺς στύλους τῆς αὐλῆς κύκλῳ, καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν, καὶ τοὺς στύλους τοῦ καταπετάσματος τῆς πύλης τῆς αὐλῆς, καὶ τὰς βάσεις αὐτῶν, καὶ τοὺς πασσάλους αὐτῶν, καὶ τοὺς κάλους αὐτῶν, καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῶν, καὶ πάντα τὰ λειτουργήματα αὐτῶν· ἐξ ὀνομάτων ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτοὺς, καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τῆς φυλακῆς τῶν αἰρομένων ὑπʼ αὐτῶν.
And they shall bear the pillars of the court round about, and [there shall be] their sockets, and [they shall bear] the pillars of the veil of the door of the court, and their sockets and their pins, and their cords, and all their furniture, and all their instruments of service: take ye their number by name, and all the articles of the charge of the things borne by them.
33
זֹאת עֲבֹדַת מִשְׁפְּחֹת בְּנֵי מְרָרִי לְכָל־עֲבֹדָתָם בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד בְּיַד אִיתָמָר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן
This is the service of the families of the sons of Merari, according to all their service, in the tent of meeting, under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.'
Αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία δήμου υἱῶν Μεραρὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἐν χειρὶ Ἰθάμαρ τοῦ υἱοῦ Ἀαρὼν τοῦ ἱερέως.
This is the ministration of the family of the sons of Merari in all their works in the tabernacle of witness, by the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.
34
וַיִּפְקֹד מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן וּנְשִׂיאֵי הָעֵדָה אֶת־בְּנֵי הַקְּהָתִי לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם וּלְבֵית אֲבֹתָם
And Moses and Aaron and the princes of the congregation numbered the sons of the Kohathites by their families, and by their fathers' houses,
Καὶ ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες Ἰσραὴλ τοὺς υἱοὺς Καὰθ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν,
And Moses and Aaron and the rulers of Israel took the number of the sons of Kohath according to their families, according to the houses of their lineage;
35
מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה כָּל־הַבָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲבֹדָה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
from thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entered upon the service, for service in the tent of meeting.
ἀπὸ πέντε καὶ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς, πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν καὶ ποιεῖν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
from five and twenty years old and upward to the age of fifty years, everyone that goes in to minister and do service in the tabernacle of witness.
36
וַיִּהְיוּ פְקֻדֵיהֶם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם אַלְפַּיִם שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים
And those that were numbered of them by their families were two thousand seven hundred and fifty.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, δισχίλιοι ἑπτακόσιοι πεντήκοντα.
And the numbering of them according to their families was two thousand, seven hundred and fifty.
37
אֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי מִשְׁפְּחֹת הַקְּהָתִי כָּל־הָעֹבֵד בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד אֲשֶׁר פָּקַד מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן עַל־פִּי יְהוָה בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁה
These are they that were numbered of the families of the Kohathites, of all that did serve in the tent of meeting, whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the commandment of HaShem by the hand of Moses.
Αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις δήμου Καάθ, πᾶς ὁ λειτουργῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, καθὰ ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν διὰ φωνῆς Κυρίου, ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ.
This is the numbering of the family of Kohath, everyone that ministers in the tabernacle of witness, as Moses and Aaron numbered them by the word of the Lord, by the hand of Moses.
38
וּפְקוּדֵי בְּנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָם וּלְבֵית אֲבֹתָם
And those that were numbered of the sons of Gershon, by their families, and by their fathers' houses,
Καὶ ἐπεσκέπησαν υἱοὶ Γεδσὼν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν,
And the sons of Gershon were numbered according to their families, according to the houses of their lineage,
39
מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה כָּל־הַבָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲבֹדָה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
from thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entered upon the service, for service in the tent of meeting,
ἀπὸ πέντε καὶ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς, πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν καὶ ποιεῖν τὰ ἔργα ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
from five and twenty years old and upward till fifty years old, everyone that goes in to minister and to do the services in the tabernacle of witness.
40
וַיִּהְיוּ פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם אַלְפַּיִם וְשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת וּשְׁלֹשִׁים
even those that were numbered of them, by their families, by their fathers' houses, were two thousand and six hundred and thirty.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, δισχίλιοι ἑξακόσιοι τριάκοντα.
And the numbering of them according to their families, according to the houses of their lineage, [was] two thousand six hundred and thirty.
41
אֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי מִשְׁפְּחֹת בְּנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן כָּל־הָעֹבֵד בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד אֲשֶׁר פָּקַד מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן עַל־פִּי יְהוָה
These are they that were numbered of the families of the sons of Gershon, of all that did serve in the tent of meeting, whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the commandment of HaShem.
Αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις δήμου υἱῶν Γεδσὼν, πᾶς ὁ λειτουργῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, οὓς ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν διὰ φωνῆς Κυρίου, ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ.
This [is] the numbering of the family of the sons of Gershon, everyone who ministers in the tabernacle of witness; whom Moses and Aaron numbered by the word of the Lord, by the hand of Moses.
42
וּפְקוּדֵי מִשְׁפְּחֹת בְּנֵי מְרָרִי לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם
And those that were numbered of the families of the sons of Merari, by their families, by their fathers' houses,
Ἐπεσκέπησαν δὲ καὶ δῆμος υἱῶν Μεραρὶ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν,
And also the family of the sons of Merari were numbered according to their divisions, according to the house of their fathers;
43
מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה כָּל־הַבָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲבֹדָה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
from thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entered upon the service, for service in the tent of meeting,
ἀπὸ πέντε καὶ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς, πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν πρὸς τὰ ἔργα τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
from five and twenty years old and upward till fifty years old, everyone that goes in to minister in the services of the tabernacle of witness.
44
וַיִּהְיוּ פְקֻדֵיהֶם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם שְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים וּמָאתָיִם
even those that were numbered of them by their families, were three thousand and two hundred.
Καὶ ἐγενήθη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, τρισχίλιοι καὶ διακόσιοι.
And the numbering of them according to their families, according to the houses of their lineage, [was] three thousand and two hundred.
45
אֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי מִשְׁפְּחֹת בְּנֵי מְרָרִי אֲשֶׁר פָּקַד מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן עַל־פִּי יְהוָה בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁה
These are they that were numbered of the families of the sons of Merari, whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the commandment of HaShem by the hand of Moses.
Αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις δήμου υἱῶν Μεραρὶ, οὓς ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν διὰ φωνῆς Κυρίου, ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ.
This [is] the numbering of the family of the sons of Merari, whom Moses and Aaron numbered by the word of the Lord, by the hand of Moses.
46
כָּל־הַפְּקֻדִים אֲשֶׁר פָּקַד מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן וּנְשִׂיאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם וּלְבֵית אֲבֹתָם
All those that were numbered of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron and the princes of Israel numbered, by their families, and by their fathers' houses,
Πάντες οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι, οὓς ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες Ἰσραὴλ τοὺς Λευίτας, κατὰ δήμους καὶ κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν,
All that were numbered, whom Moses and Aaron and the rulers of Israel numbered, [namely], the Levites, according to their families and according to the houses of their lineage,
47
מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה כָּל־הַבָּא לַעֲבֹד עֲבֹדַת עֲבֹדָה וַעֲבֹדַת מַשָּׂא בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
from thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entered in to do the work of service, and the work of bearing burdens in the tent of meeting,
ἀπὸ πέντε καὶ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς, πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος πρὸς τὸ ἔργον τῶν ἔργων, καὶ τὰ ἔργα τὰ αἰρόμενα ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
from five and twenty years old and upward till fifty years old, everyone that goes in to the service of the works, and the [charge of] the things that are carried in the tabernacle of witness.
48
וַיִּהְיוּ פְּקֻדֵיהֶם שְׁמֹנַת אֲלָפִים וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וּשְׁמֹנִים
even those that were numbered of them, were eight thousand and five hundred and fourscore.
Καὶ ἐγενήθησαν οἱ ἐπισκεπέντες, ὀκτακισχίλιοι πεντακόσιοι ὀγδοήκοντα.
And they that were numbered were eight thousand five hundred and eighty.
49
עַל־פִּי יְהוָה פָּקַד אוֹתָם בְּיַד מֹשֶׁה אִישׁ אִישׁ עַל־עֲבֹדָתוֹ וְעַל־מַשָּׂאוֹ וּפְקֻדָיו אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה
According to the commandment of HaShem they were appointed by the hand of Moses, every one to his service, and to his burden; they were also numbered, as HaShem commanded Moses.
Διὰ φωνῆς Κυρίου ἐπεσκέψατο αὐτοὺς ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ, ἄνδρα κατὰ ἄνδρα ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐπὶ ὧν αἴρουσιν αὐτοί· καὶ ἐπεσκέπησαν, ὃν τρόπον συνέταξε Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ.
He reviewed them by the word of the Lord by the hand of Moses, appointing each man severally over their [respective] work, and over their burdens; and they were numbered, as the Lord commanded Moses.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: Credits and licences.