Textorah

Numbers 31

1
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto Moses, saying:
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων,
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
2
נְקֹם נִקְמַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֵת הַמִּדְיָנִים אַחַר תֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמֶּיךָ
'Avenge the children of Israel of the Midianites; afterward shalt thou be gathered unto thy people.'
ἐκδίκει τὴν ἐκδίκησιν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἐκ τῶν Μαδιανιτῶν, καὶ ἔσχατον προστεθήσῃ πρὸς τὸν λαόν σου.
Avenge the wrongs of the children of Israel on the Midianites, and afterward thou shalt be added to thy people.
3
וַיְדַבֵּר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָעָם לֵאמֹר הֵחָלְצוּ מֵאִתְּכֶם אֲנָשִׁים לַצָּבָא וְיִהְיוּ עַל־מִדְיָן לָתֵת נִקְמַת־יְהוָה בְּמִדְיָן
And Moses spoke unto the people, saying: 'Arm ye men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian, to execute HaShem'S vengeance on Midian.
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Μωυσῆς πρὸς τὸν λαὸν, λέγων, ἐξοπλίσατε ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνδρας, καὶ παρατάξασθε ἔναντι Κυρίου ἐπὶ Μαδιὰν, ἀποδοῦναι ἐκδίκησιν παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου τῇ Μαδιάν.
And Moses spoke to the people, saying, Arm some of you, and set yourselves in array before the Lord against Midian, to inflict vengeance on Midian from the Lord.
4
אֶלֶף לַמַּטֶּה אֶלֶף לַמַּטֶּה לְכֹל מַטּוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל תִּשְׁלְחוּ לַצָּבָא
Of every tribe a thousand, throughout all the tribes of Israel, shall ye send to the war.'
Χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς, χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς, ἐκ πασῶν φυλῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ, ἀποστείλατε παρατάξασθαι.
Send a thousand of each tribe from all the tribes of the children of Israel to set themselves in array.
5
וַיִּמּ͏ָסְרוּ מֵאַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶלֶף לַמַּטֶּה שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר אֶלֶף חֲלוּצֵי צָבָא
So there were delivered, out of the thousands of Israel, a thousand of every tribe, twelve thousand armed for war.
Καὶ ἐξηρίθμησαν ἐκ τῶν χιλιάδων Ἰσραὴλ χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς, δώδεκα χιλιάδας ἐνωπλισμένοι εἰς παράταξιν.
And they numbered of the thousands of Israel a thousand of [each] tribe, twelve thousands; [these were] armed for war.
6
וַיִּשְׁלַח אֹתָם מֹשֶׁה אֶלֶף לַמַּטֶּה לַצָּבָא אֹתָם וְאֶת־פִּינְחָס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן לַצָּבָא וּכְלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ וַחֲצֹצְרוֹת הַתְּרוּעָה בְּיָדוֹ
And Moses sent them, a thousand of every tribe, to the war, them and Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war, with the holy vessels and the trumpets for the alarm in his hand.
Καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς Μωυσῆς χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς, χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν, καὶ Φινεὲς υἱὸν Ἐλεάζαρ υἱοῦ Ἀαρὼν τοῦ ἱερέως· καὶ τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια, καὶ αἱ σάλπιγγες τῶν σημασιῶν ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτῶν.
And Moses sent them away a thousand of every tribe with their forces, and Phinehas the son of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest: and the holy instruments, and the signal trumpets [were] in their hands.
7
וַיִּצְבְּאוּ עַל־מִדְיָן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה וַיַּהַרְגוּ כָּל־זָכָר
And they warred against Midian, as HaShem commanded Moses; and they slew every male.
Καὶ παρετάξαντο ἐπὶ Μαδιὰν, καθὰ ἐνετείλατο Κύριος Μωυσῇ· καὶ ἀπέκτειναν πᾶν ἀρσενικόν.
And they set themselves in array against Midian, as the Lord commanded Moses; and they slew every male.
8
וְאֶת־מַלְכֵי מִדְיָן הָרְגוּ עַל־חַלְלֵיהֶם אֶת־אֱוִי וְאֶת־רֶקֶם וְאֶת־צוּר וְאֶת־חוּר וְאֶת־רֶבַע חֲמֵשֶׁת מַלְכֵי מִדְיָן וְאֵת בִּלְעָם בֶּן־בְּעוֹר הָרְגוּ בֶּחָרֶב
And they slew the kings of Midian with the rest of their slain: Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, the five kings of Midian; Balaam also the son of Beor they slew with the sword.
Καὶ τοὺς βασιλεῖς Μαδιὰν ἀπέκτειναν ἅμα τοῖς τραυματίαις αὐτῶν· καὶ τὸν Εὐὶν, καὶ τὸν Ῥοκὸν, καὶ τὸν Σοὺρ, καὶ τὸν Οὒρ, καὶ τὸν Ῥοβὸκ, πέντε βασιλεῖς Μαδιάν· καὶ τὸν Βαλαὰμ υἱὸν Βεὼρ ἀπέκτειναν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ σὺν τοῖς τραυματίαις αὐτῶν·
And they slew the kings of Midian together with their slain [subjects]; even Evi and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, five kings of Midian; and they slew with the sword Balaam the son of Beor with their [other] slain.
9
וַיִּשְׁבּוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־נְשֵׁי מִדְיָן וְאֶת־טַפָּם וְאֵת כָּל־בְּהֶמְתָּם וְאֶת־כָּל־מִקְנֵהֶם וְאֶת־כָּל־חֵילָם בָּזָזוּ
And the children of Israel took captive the women of Midian and their little ones; and all their cattle, and all their flocks, and all their goods, they took for a prey.
Καὶ ἐπρονόμευσαν τὰς γυναῖκας Μαδιὰν, καὶ τὴν ἀποσκευὴν αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ κτήνη αὐτῶν, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔγκτητα αὐτῶν· καὶ τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῶν ἐπρονόμευσαν·
And they made a prey of the women of Midian, and their store, and their cattle, and all their possessions: and they spoiled their forces.
10
וְאֵת כָּל־עָרֵיהֶם בְּמוֹשְׁבֹתָם וְאֵת כָּל־טִירֹתָם שָׂרְפוּ בָּאֵשׁ
And all their cities in the places wherein they dwelt, and all their encampments, they burnt with fire.
Καὶ πάσας τὰς πόλεις αὐτῶν τὰς ἐν ταῖς κατοικίαις αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰς ἐπαύλεις αὐτῶν ἐνέπρησαν ἐν πυρί.
And they burned with fire all their cities in the places of their habitation, and they burned their villages with fire.
11
וַיִּקְחוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׁלָל וְאֵת כָּל־הַמַּלְקוֹחַ בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה
And they took all the spoil, and all the prey, both of man and of beast.
Καὶ ἔλαβον πᾶσαν τὴν προνομὴν αὐτῶν, καὶ πάντα τὰ σκῦλα αὐτῶν ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους.
And they took all their plunder, and all their spoils, both man and beast.
12
וַיָּבִאוּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וְאֶל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־הַשְּׁבִי וְאֶת־הַמַּלְקוֹחַ וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָל אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה אֶל־עַרְבֹת מוֹאָב אֲשֶׁר עַל־יַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ
And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto Moses, and unto Eleazar the priest, and unto the congregation of the children of Israel, unto the camp, unto the plains of Moab, which are by the Jordan at Jericho.
Καὶ ἤγαγον πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ πρὸς Ἐλεάζαρ τὸν ἱερέα, καὶ πρὸς πάντας υἱοὺς Ἰσραὴλ, τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν, καὶ τὰ σκύλα, καὶ τὴν προνομὴν εἰς τὴν παρεμβολὴν εἰς Ἀραβὼθ Μωὰβ, ἥ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰορδάνου κατὰ Ἰεριχώ.
And they brought to Moses and to Eleazar the priest, and to all the children of Israel, the captives, and the spoils, and the plunder, to the camp to Araboth Moab, which is at Jordan by Jericho.
13
וַיֵּצְאוּ מֹשֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וְכָל־נְשִׂיאֵי הָעֵדָה לִקְרָאתָם אֶל־מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה
And Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and all the princes of the congregation, went forth to meet them without the camp.
Καὶ ἐξῆλθε Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἐλεάζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ πάντες οἱ ἄρχοντες τῆς συναγωγῆς εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτοῖς ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς.
And Moses and Eleazar the priest and all the rulers of the synagogue went forth out of the camp to meet them.
14
וַיִּקְצֹף מֹשֶׁה עַל פְּקוּדֵי הֶחָיִל שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְשָׂרֵי הַמֵּאוֹת הַבָּאִים מִצְּבָא הַמִּלְחָמָה
And Moses was wroth with the officers of the host, the captains of thousands and the captains of hundreds, who came from the service of the war.
Καὶ ὠργίσθη Μωυσῆς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐπισκόποις τῆς δυνάμεως, χιλιάρχοις καὶ ἑκατοντάρχοις τοῖς ἐρχομένοις ἐκ τῆς παρατάξεως τοῦ πολέμου.
And Moses was angry with the captains of the host, the heads of thousands and the heads of hundreds who came from the battle array.
15
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם מֹשֶׁה הַחִיִּיתֶם כָּל־נְקֵבָה
And Moses said unto them: 'Have ye saved all the women alive?
Καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς, ἱνατί ἐζωγρήσατε πᾶν θῆλυ;
And Moses said to them, Why have ye saved every female alive?
16
הֵן הֵנָּה הָיוּ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּדְבַר בִּלְעָם לִמְסָר־מַעַל בַּיהוָה עַל־דְּבַר־פְּעוֹר וַתְּהִי הַמַּגֵּפָה בַּעֲדַת יְהוָה
Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to revolt so as to break faith with HaShem in the matter of Peor, and so the plague was among the congregation of HaShem.
Αὗται γὰρ ἦσαν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Βαλαὰμ τοῦ ἀποστῆσαι καὶ ὑπεριδεῖν τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου, ἕνεκεν Φογώρ· καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ πληγὴ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ Κυρίου.
For they were [the occasion] to the children of Israel by the word of Balaam of their revolting and despising the word of the Lord, because of Peor; and there was a plague in the congregation of the Lord.
17
וְעַתָּה הִרְגוּ כָל־זָכָר בַּטָּף וְכָל־אִשָּׁה יֹדַעַת אִישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּב זָכָר הֲרֹגוּ
Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying with him.
Καὶ νῦν ἀποκτείνατε πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ ἀπαρτίᾳ, πᾶσαν γυναῖκα, ἥτις ἔγυω κοίτην ἄρσενος, ἀποκτείνατε.
Now then slay every male in all the spoil, slay every woman, who has known the lying with man.
18
וְכֹל הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדְעוּ מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר הַחֲיוּ לָכֶם
But all the women children, that have not known man by lying with him, keep alive for yourselves.
Καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῶν γυναικῶν, ἥτις οὐκ οἶδε κοίτην ἄρσενος, ζωγρήσατε αὐτάς.
And as for all the captivity of women, who have not known the lying with man, save ye them alive.
19
וְאַתֶּם חֲנוּ מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים כֹּל הֹרֵג נֶפֶשׁ וְכֹל נֹגֵעַ בֶּחָלָל תִּתְחַטְּאוּ בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי אַתֶּם וּשְׁבִיכֶם
And encamp ye without the camp seven days; whosoever hath killed any person, and whosoever hath touched any slain, purify yourselves on the third day and on the seventh day, ye and your captives.
Καὶ ὑμεῖς παρεμβάλετε ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς ἐπτὰ ἡμέρας· πᾶς ὁ ἀνελὼν καὶ ὁ ἁπτόμενος τοῦ τετρωμένου ἁγνισθήσεται τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ, καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ ὑμεῖς καὶ ἡ αἰχμαλωσία ὑμῶν.
And ye shall encamp outside the [great] camp seven days; everyone who has slain and who touches a dead body, shall be purified on the third day, and ye and your captivity [shall purify yourselves] on the seventh day.
20
וְכָל־בֶּגֶד וְכָל־כְּלִי־עוֹר וְכָל־מַעֲשֵׂה עִזִּים וְכָל־כְּלִי־עֵץ תִּתְחַטָּאוּ
And as to every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood, ye shall purify.'
Καὶ πᾶν περίβλημα καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος δερμάτινον, καὶ πᾶσαν ἐργασίαν ἐξ αἰγείας, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ξύλινον ἀφαγνιεῖτε.
And ye shall purify every garment and every leathern utensil, and all furniture of goat skin, and every wooden vessel.
21
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן אֶל־אַנְשֵׁי הַצָּבָא הַבָּאִים לַמִּלְחָמָה זֹאת חֻקַּת הַתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה
And Eleazar the priest said unto the men of war that went to the battle: 'This is the statute of the law which HaShem hath commanded Moses:
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἐλεάζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς πρὸς τοὺς ἄνδρας τῆς δυνάμεως τοὺς ἐρχομένους ἐκ τῆς παρατάξεως τοῦ πολέμου, τοῦτο τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ νόμου ὃ συνέταξε Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ.
And Eleazar the priest said to the men of the host that came from the battle array, This [is] the ordinance of the law which the Lord has commanded Moses.
22
אַךְ אֶת־הַזָּהָב וְאֶת־הַכָּסֶף אֶת־הַנְּחֹשֶׁת אֶת־הַבַּרְזֶל אֶת־הַבְּדִיל וְאֶת־הָעֹפָרֶת
Howbeit the gold, and the silver, the brass, the iron, the tin, and the lead,
Πλὴν τοῦ χρυσίου καὶ τοῦ ἀργυρίου καὶ χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου καὶ μολίβου καὶ κασσιτέρου,
Beside the gold, and the silver, and the brass, and the iron, and lead, and tin,
23
כָּל־דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־יָבֹא בָאֵשׁ תַּעֲבִירוּ בָאֵשׁ וְטָהֵר אַךְ בְּמֵי נִדָּה יִתְחַטָּא וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָבֹא בָּאֵשׁ תַּעֲבִירוּ בַמָּיִם
every thing that may abide the fire, ye shall make to go through the fire, and it shall be clean; nevertheless it shall be purified with the water of sprinkling; and all that abideth not the fire ye shall make to go through the water.
πᾶν πρᾶγμα ὃ διελεύσεται ἐν πυρὶ, καὶ καθαρισθήσεται, ἀλλʼ ἢ τῷ ὕδατι τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ ἁγνισθήσεται· καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν μὴ διαπορεύηται διὰ πυρὸς, διελεύσεται διʼ ὕδατος.
everything that shall pass through the fire shall so be clean, nevertheless it shall be purified with the water of sanctification; and whatsoever will not pass through the fire shall pass through water.
24
וְכִבַּסְתֶּם בִּגְדֵיכֶם בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וּטְהַרְתֶּם וְאַחַר תָּבֹאוּ אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה
And ye shall wash your clothes on the seventh day, and ye shall be clean, and afterward ye may come into the camp.'
Καὶ πλυνεῖσθε τὰ ἱμάτια τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ, καὶ καθαρισθήσεσθε· καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσεσθε εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν.
And on the seventh day ye shall wash your garments, and be clean; and afterward ye shall come into the camp.
25
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto Moses, saying:
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων,
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
26
שָׂא אֵת רֹאשׁ מַלְקוֹחַ הַשְּׁבִי בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה אַתָּה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וְרָאשֵׁי אֲבוֹת הָעֵדָה
'Take the sum of the prey that was taken, both of man and of beast, thou, and Eleazar the priest, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the congregation;
λάβε τὸ κεφάλαιον τῶν σκύλων τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους σὺ καὶ Ἐλεάζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν πατριῶν τῆς συναγωγῆς.
Take the sum of the spoils of the captivity both of man and beast, thou and Eleazar the priest, and the heads of the families of the congregation.
27
וְחָצִיתָ אֶת־הַמַּלְקוֹחַ בֵּין תֹּפְשֵׂי הַמִּלְחָמָה הַיֹּצְאִים לַצָּבָא וּבֵין כָּל־הָעֵדָה
and divide the prey into two parts: between the men skilled in war, that went out to battle, and all the congregation;
Καὶ διελεῖτε τὰ σκῦλα ἀναμέσον τῶν πολεμιστῶν τῶν ἐκπεπορευμένων εἰς τὴν παράταξιν, καὶ ἀναμέσον πάσης συναγωγῆς.
And ye shall divide the spoils between the warriors that went out to battle, and the whole congregation.
28
וַהֲרֵמֹתָ מֶכֶס לַיהוָה מֵאֵת אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה הַיֹּצְאִים לַצָּבָא אֶחָד נֶפֶשׁ מֵחֲמֵשׁ הַמֵּאוֹת מִן־הָאָדָם וּמִן־הַבָּקָר וּמִן־הַחֲמֹרִים וּמִן־הַצֹּאן
and levy a tribute unto HaShem of the men of war that went out to battle: one soul of five hundred, both of the persons, and of the beeves, and of the asses, and of the flocks;
Καὶ ἀφελεῖτε τέλος Κυρίῳ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τῶν πολεμιστῶν τῶν ἐκπεπορευμένων εἰς τὴν παράταξιν, μίαν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ πεντακοσίων, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν κτηνῶν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν βοῶν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ὄνων·
And ye shall take a tribute for the Lord from the warriors that went out to battle; one soul out of five hundred, from the men, and from the cattle, even from the oxen, and from the sheep, and from the asses; and ye shall take from their half.
29
מִמַּחֲצִיתָם תִּקָּחוּ וְנָתַתָּה לְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן תְּרוּמַת יְהוָה
take it of their half, and give it unto Eleazar the priest, as a portion set apart for HaShem.
καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους αὐτῶν λήψεσθε. Καὶ δώσεις Ἐλεάζαρ τῷ ἱερεῖ τὰς ἀπαρχὰς Κυρίου.
And thou shalt give [them] to Eleazar the priest [as] the firstfruits of the Lord.
30
וּמִמַּחֲצִת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל תִּקַּח אֶחָד אָחֻז מִן־הַחֲמִשִּׁים מִן־הָאָדָם מִן־הַבָּקָר מִן־הַחֲמֹרִים וּמִן־הַצֹּאן מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָה וְנָתַתָּה אֹתָם לַלְוִיִּם שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁמֶרֶת מִשְׁכַּן יְהוָה
And of the children of Israel's half, thou shalt take one drawn out of every fifty, of the persons, of the beeves, of the asses, and of the flocks, even of all the cattle, and give them unto the Levites, that keep the charge of the tabernacle of HaShem.'
Καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους τοῦ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ λήψῃ ἕνα ἀπὸ πεντήκοντα ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν βοῶν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ὄνων, καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν κτηνῶν· καὶ δώσεις αὐτὰ τοῖς Λευίταις τοῖς φυλάσσουσι τὰς φυλακὰς ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ Κυρίου.
And from the half belonging to the children of Israel thou shalt take one in fifty from the men, and from the oxen, and from the sheep, and from the asses, and from all the cattle; and thou shalt give them to the Levites that keep the charges in the tabernacle of the Lord.
31
וַיַּעַשׂ מֹשֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה
And Moses and Eleazar the priest did as HaShem commanded Moses.
Καὶ ἐποίησε Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἐλεάζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς, καθὰ συνέταξε Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ.
And Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the Lord commanded Moses.
32
וַיְהִי הַמַּלְקוֹחַ יֶתֶר הַבָּז אֲשֶׁר בָּזְזוּ עַם הַצָּבָא צֹאן שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וְשִׁבְעִים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשֶׁת־אֲלָפִים
Now the prey, over and above the booty which the men of war took, was six hundred thousand and seventy thousand and five thousand sheep,
Καὶ ἐγενήθη τὸ πλεόνασμα τῆς προνομῆς ὁ προενόμευσαν οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ πολεμισταὶ, ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων, ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ πέντε χιλιάδες·
And that which remained of the spoil which the warriors took, was—of the sheep, six hundred and seventy-five thousand:
33
וּבָקָר שְׁנַיִם וְשִׁבְעִים אָלֶף
and threescore and twelve thousand beeves,
Καὶ βόες, δύο καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες·
and oxen, seventy-two thousand:
34
וַחֲמֹרִים אֶחָד וְשִׁשִּׁים אָלֶף
and threescore and one thousand asses,
Καὶ ὄνοι, μία καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες·
and asses, sixty-one thousand.
35
וְנֶפֶשׁ אָדָם מִן־הַנָּשִׁים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדְעוּ מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אָלֶף
and thirty and two thousand persons in all, of the women that had not known man by lying with him.
Καὶ ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων ἀπὸ τῶν γυναικῶν αἳ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν κοίτην ἀνδρὸς, πᾶσαι ψυχαὶ, δύο καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες.
And persons of women who had not known lying with man, all the souls, thirty-two thousand.
36
וַתְּהִי הַמֶּחֱצָה חֵלֶק הַיֹּצְאִים בַּצָּבָא מִסְפַּר הַצֹּאן שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף וְשִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת
And the half, which was the portion of them that went out to war, was in number three hundred thousand and thirty thousand and seven thousand and five hundred sheep.
Καὶ ἐγενήθη τὸ ἡμίσευμα ἡ μερὶς τῶν ἐκπεπορευμένων εἰς τὸν πόλεμον ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν προβάτων, τριακόσιαι καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακισχίλια καὶ πεντακόσια.
And the half, [even] the portion of them that went out to war, from the number of the sheep, was three hundred and thirty-seven thousand and five hundred.
37
וַיְהִי הַמֶּכֶס לַיהוָה מִן־הַצֹּאן שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת חָמֵשׁ וְשִׁבְעִים
And HaShem'S tribute of the sheep was six hundred and threescore and fifteen.
Καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ τέλος Κυρίῳ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων, ἑξακόσιαι ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε·
And the tribute to the Lord from the sheep was six hundred and seventy-five.
38
וְהַבָּקָר שִׁשָּׁה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אָלֶף וּמִכְסָם לַיהוָה שְׁנַיִם וְשִׁבְעִים
And the beeves were thirty and six thousand, of which HaShem'S tribute was threescore and twelve.
Καὶ βόες, ἓξ καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες, καὶ τὸ τέλος Κυρίῳ, δύο καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα·
And the oxen, six and thirty thousand, and the tribute to the Lord, seventy-two.
39
וַחֲמֹרִים שְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וּמִכְסָם לַיהוָה אֶחָד וְשִׁשִּׁים
And the asses were thirty thousand and five hundred, of which HaShem'S tribute was threescore and one.
Καὶ ὄνοι, τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι, καὶ τὸ τέλος Κυρίῳ, εἷς καὶ ἑξήκοντα·
And asses, thirty thousand and five hundred, and the tribute to the Lord, sixty-one:
40
וְנֶפֶשׁ אָדָם שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר אָלֶף וּמִכְסָם לַיהוָה שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁים נָפֶשׁ
And the persons were sixteen thousand, of whom HaShem'S tribute was thirty and two persons.
Καὶ ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων, ἑκκαίδεκα χιλιάδες, καὶ τὸ τέλος αὐτῶν Κυρίῳ, δύο καὶ τριάκοντα ψυχαί.
and the persons, sixteen thousand, and the tribute of them to the Lord, thirty-two souls.
41
וַיִּתֵּן מֹשֶׁה אֶת־מֶכֶס תְּרוּמַת יְהוָה לְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה
And Moses gave the tribute, which was set apart for HaShem, unto Eleazar the priest, as HaShem commanded Moses.
Καὶ ἔδωκε Μωυσῆς τὸ τέλος Κυρίῳ τὸ ἀφαίρεμα τοῦ Θεοῦ Ἐλεάζαρ τῷ ἱερεῖ, καθὰ συνέταξε Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ·
And Moses gave the tribute to the Lord, the heave offering of God, to Eleazar the priest, as the Lord commanded Moses;
42
וּמִמַּחֲצִית בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר חָצָה מֹשֶׁה מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁים הַצֹּבְאִים
And of the children of Israel's half, which Moses divided off from the men that warred--
ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμισεύματος τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ, οὓς διεῖλε Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν πολεμιστῶν.
from the half belonging to the children of Israel, whom Moses separated from the men of war.
43
וַתְּהִי מֶחֱצַת הָעֵדָה מִן־הַצֹּאן שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת
now the congregation's half was three hundred thousand and thirty thousand and seven thousand and five hundred sheep,
Καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ ἡμίσευμα ἀπὸ τῆς συναγωγῆς ἀπὸ τῶν προβάων, τριακόσιαι καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακισχίλια καὶ πεντακόσια·
And the half [taken] from the sheep, belonging to the congregation, was three hundred and thirty-seven thousand and five hundred.
44
וּבָקָר שִׁשָּׁה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אָלֶף
and thirty and six thousand beeves,
Καὶ βόες, ἓξ καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες·
And the oxen, thirty-six thousand;
45
וַחֲמֹרִים שְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת
and thirty thousand and five hundred asses,
Ὄνοι, τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι·
asses, thirty thousand and five hundred;
46
וְנֶפֶשׁ אָדָם שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר אָלֶף
and sixteen thousand persons--
Καὶ ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων, ἓξ καὶ δέκα χιλιάδες.
and persons, sixteen thousand.
47
וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה מִמַּחֲצִת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־הָאָחֻז אֶחָד מִן־הַחֲמִשִּׁים מִן־הָאָדָם וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָה וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָם לַלְוִיִּם שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁמֶרֶת מִשְׁכַּן יְהוָה כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה
even of the children of Israel's half, Moses took one drawn out of every fifty, both of man and of beast, and gave them unto the Levites, that kept the charge of the tabernacle of HaShem; as HaShem commanded Moses.
Καὶ ἔλαβε Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμισεύματος τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ τὸ ἓν ἀπὸ τῶν πεντήκοντα, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν κτηνῶν, καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὰ τοῖς Λευίταις τοῖς φυλάσσουσι τὰς φυλακὰς τῆς σκηνῆς Κυρίου, ὃν τρόπον συνέταξε Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ.
And Moses took of the half belonging to the children of Israel the fiftieth part, of men and of cattle, and he gave them to the Levites who keep the charges of the tabernacle of the Lord, as the Lord commanded Moses.
48
וַיִּקְרְבוּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הַפְּקֻדִים אֲשֶׁר לְאַלְפֵי הַצָּבָא שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְשָׂרֵי הַמֵּאוֹת
And the officers that were over the thousands of the host, the captains of thousands, and the captains of hundreds, came near unto Moses;
Καὶ προσῆλθον πρὸς Μωυσῆν πάντες οἱ καθεσταμένοι εἰς τὰς χιλιαρχίας τῆς δυνάμεως, χιλίαρχοι καὶ ἑκατόνταρχοι,
And all those who were appointed to be officers of thousands of the host, captains of thousands and captains of hundreds, approached Moses, and said to Moses,
49
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה עֲבָדֶיךָ נָשְׂאוּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדֵנוּ וְלֹא־נִפְקַד מִמֶּנּוּ אִישׁ
and they said unto Moses: 'Thy servants have taken the sum of the men of war that are under our charge, and there lacketh not one man of us.
καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς Μωυσῆν, Οἱ παῖδές σου εἰλήφασι τὸ κεφάλαιον τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν πολεμιστῶν τῶν παρʼ ἡμῖν, καὶ οὐ διαπεφώνηκεν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς.
Thy servants have taken the sum of the men of war with us, and not one is missing.
50
וַנַּקְרֵב אֶת־קָרְבַּן יְהוָה אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר מָצָא כְלִי־זָהָב אֶצְעָדָה וְצָמִיד טַבַּעַת עָגִיל וְכוּמָז לְכַפֵּר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵינוּ לִפְנֵי יְהוָה
And we have brought HaShem'S offering, what every man hath gotten, of jewels of gold, armlets, and bracelets, signet-rings, ear-rings, and girdles, to make atonement for our souls before HaShem.'
Καὶ προσενηνόχαμεν τὸ δῶρον Κυρίῳ, ἀνὴρ ὃ εὗρε σκεῦος χρυσοῦν καὶ χλιδῶνα καὶ ψέλλιον καὶ δακτύλιον καὶ περιδέξιον καὶ ἐμπλοκιον, ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ἡμῶν ἔναντι Κυρίου.
And we have brought our gift to the Lord, [every] man who has found an article of gold, whether an armlet, or a chain, or a ring, or a bracelet, or a clasp for hair, to make atonement for us before the Lord.
51
וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַזָּהָב מֵאִתָּם כֹּל כְּלִי מַעֲשֶׂה
And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of them, even all wrought jewels.
Καὶ ἔλαβε Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἐλεάζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς τὸ χρυσίον παρʼ αὐτῶν πᾶν σκεῦος εἰργασμένον.
And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold from them, even every wrought article.
52
וַיְהִי כָּל־זְהַב הַתְּרוּמָה אֲשֶׁר הֵרִימוּ לַיהוָה שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר אֶלֶף שְׁבַע־מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים שָׁקֶל מֵאֵת שָׂרֵי ה͏ָאֲלָפִים וּמֵאֵת שָׂרֵי הַמֵּאוֹת
And all the gold of the gift that they set apart for HaShem, of the captains of thousands, and of the captains of hundreds, was sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty shekels.--
Καὶ ἐγένετο πᾶν τὸ χρυσίον τὸ ἀφαίρεμα ὃ ἀφεῖλον Κυρίῳ, ἑκκίδεκα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα σίκλοι παρὰ τῶν χιλιάρχων καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἑκατοντάρχων.
And all the wrought gold, even the offering that they offered to the Lord, was sixteen thousand and seven hundred and fifty shekels from the captains of thousands and the captains of hundreds.
53
אַנְשֵׁי הַצָּבָא בָּזְזוּ אִישׁ לוֹ
For the men of war had taken booty, every man for himself.--
Καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ πολεμισταὶ ἐπρονόμευσαν ἕκαστος ἑαυτῷ.
For the men of war took plunder every one for himself.
54
וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַזָּהָב מֵאֵת שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֹת וַיָּבִאוּ אֹתוֹ אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד זִכָּרוֹן לִבְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לִפְנֵי יְהוָה
And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and brought it into the tent of meeting, for a memorial for the children of Israel before HaShem.
Καὶ ἔλαβε Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἐλεάζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς τὸ χρυσίον παρὰ τῶν χιλιάρχων καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἑκατοντάρχων, καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν αὐτὰ εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου, μνημόσυνον τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἔναντι Κυρίου.
And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold from the captains of thousands and captains of hundreds, and brought the vessels into the tabernacle of witness, a memorial of the children of Israel before the Lord.

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A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

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Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: Credits and licences.