Textorah

Numbers 3

1
וְאֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת אַהֲרֹן וּמֹשֶׁה בְּיוֹם דִּבֶּר יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה בְּהַר סִינָי
Now these are the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that HaShem spoke with Moses in mount Sinai.
Καὶ αὗται αἱ γενέσεις Ἀαρὼν καὶ Μωυσῆ, ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἐλάλησε Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ ἐν ὄρει Σινᾷ.
And these [are] the generations of Aaron and Moses, in the day in which the Lord spoke to Moses in Mount Sinai.
2
וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי־אַהֲרֹן הַבְּכוֹר נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא אֶלְעָזָר וְאִיתָמָר
And these are the names of the sons of Aaron: Nadab the first-born, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
Καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν υἱῶν Ἀαρών· πρωτότοκος Ναδάβ, καὶ Ἀβιοὺδ, Ἐλεάζαρ, καὶ Ἰθάμαρ.
And these [are] the names of the sons of Aaron; Nadab the firstborn; and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
3
אֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֲנִים הַמְּשֻׁחִים אֲשֶׁר־מִלֵּא יָדָם לְכַהֵן
These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests that were anointed, whom he consecrated to minister in the priest's office.
Ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν υἱῶν Ἀαρὼν, οἱ ἱερεῖς οἱ ἠλειμμένοι, οὓς ἐτελείωσαν τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ἱερατεύειν.
These [are] the names of the sons of Aaron, the anointed priests whom they consecrated to the priesthood.
4
וַיָּמָת נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא לִפְנֵי יְהוָה בְּהַקְרִבָם אֵשׁ זָרָה לִפְנֵי יְהוָה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי וּבָנִים לֹא־הָיוּ לָהֶם וַיְכַהֵן אֶלְעָזָר וְאִיתָמָר עַל־פְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן אֲבִיהֶם
And Nadab and Abihu died before HaShem, when they offered strange fire before HaShem, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children; and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest's office in the presence of Aaron their father.
Καὶ ἐτελεύτησε Ναδὰβ καὶ Ἀβιοὺδ ἔναντι Κυρίου, προσφερόντων αὐτῶν πῦρ ἀλλότριον ἔναντι Κυρίου, ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Σινᾷ, καὶ παιδία οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς· καὶ ἱεράτευσεν Ἐλεάζαρ καὶ Ἰθάμαρ μετὰ Ἀαρὼν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν.
And Nadab and Abihu died before the Lord, when they offered strange fire before the Lord, in the wilderness of Sinai; and they had no children; and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priests’ office with Aaron their father.
5
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto Moses, saying:
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων,
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
6
הַקְרֵב אֶת־מַטֵּה לֵוִי וְה͏ַעֲמַדְתָּ אֹתוֹ לִפְנֵי אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן וְשֵׁרְתוּ אֹתוֹ
'Bring the tribe of Levi near, and set them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister unto him.
λάβε τὴν φυλὴν Λευὶ, καὶ στήσεις αὐτοὺς ἐναντίον Ἀαρὼν τοῦ ἱερέως, καὶ λειτουργήσουσιν αὐτῷ,
Take the tribe of Levi, and thou shalt set them before Aaron the priest, and they shall minister to him,
7
וְשָׁמְרוּ אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתּוֹ וְאֶת־מִשְׁמֶרֶת כָּל־הָעֵדָה לִפְנֵי אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד לַעֲבֹד אֶת־עֲבֹדַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן
And they shall keep his charge, and the charge of the whole congregation before the tent of meeting, to do the service of the tabernacle.
καὶ φυλάξουσι τὰς φυλακὰς αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰς φυλακὰς τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἔναντι τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου, ἐργάζεσθαι τὰ ἔργα τῆς σκηνῆς.
and shall keep his charges, and the charges of the children of Israel, before the tabernacle of witness, to do the works of the tabernacle.
8
וְשָׁמְרוּ אֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵי אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְאֶת־מִשְׁמֶרֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לַעֲבֹד אֶת־עֲבֹדַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן
And they shall keep all the furniture of the tent of meeting, and the charge of the children of Israel, to do the service of the tabernacle.
Καὶ φυλάξουσι πάντα τὰ σκεύη τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου, καὶ τὰς φυλακὰς τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ πάντα τὰ ἔργα τῆς σκηνῆς.
And they shall keep all the furniture of the tabernacle of witness, and the charges of the children of Israel as to all the works of the tabernacle.
9
וְנָתַתָּה אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו נְתוּנִם נְתוּנִם הֵמָּה לוֹ מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
And thou shalt give the Levites unto Aaron and to his sons; they are wholly given unto him from the children of Israel.
Καὶ δώσεις τοὺς Λευίτας Ἀαρὼν, καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἱερεῦσι· δεδομένοι δόμα οὗτοί μοι εἰσὶν ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ.
And thou shalt give the Levites to Aaron, and to his sons the priests; they are given for a gift to me of the children of Israel.
10
וְאֶת־אַהֲרֹן וְאֶת־בָּנָיו תִּפְקֹד וְשָׁמְרוּ אֶת־כְּהֻנָּתָם וְהַזָּר הַקָּרֵב יוּמָת
And thou shalt appoint Aaron and his sons, that they may keep their priesthood; and the common man that draweth nigh shall be put to death.'
Καὶ Ἀαρὼν καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ καταστήσεις ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου· καὶ φυλάξουσι τὴν ἱερατείαν αὐτῶν, καὶ πάντα τὰ κατὰ τὸν βωμὸν, καὶ ἔσω τοῦ καταπετάσματος· καὶ ὁ ἀλλογενὴς ὁ ἁπτόμενος ἀποθανεῖται.
And thou shalt appoint Aaron and his sons over the tabernacle of witness; and they shall keep their charge of priesthood, and all things belonging to the altar, and within the veil; and the stranger that touches them shall die.
11
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto Moses, saying:
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων,
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
12
וַאֲנִי הִנֵּה לָקַחְתִּי אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם מִתּוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל תַּחַת כָּל־בְּכוֹר פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהָיוּ לִי הַלְוִיִּם
'And I, behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of every first-born that openeth the womb among the children of Israel; and the Levites shall be Mine;
καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ εἴληφα τοὺς Λευίτας ἐκ μέσου τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἀντὶ παντὸς πρωτοτόκου διανοίγοντος μήτραν παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ· λύτρα αὐτῶν ἔσονται, καὶ ἔσονται ἐμοὶ οἱ Λευῖται.
Behold, I have taken the Levites from the midst of the children of Israel, instead of every male that opens the womb from among the children of Israel: they shall be their ransom, and the Levites shall be mine.
13
כִּי לִי כָּל־בְּכוֹר בְּיוֹם הַכֹּתִי כָל־בְּכוֹר בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם הִקְדַּשְׁתִּי לִי כָל־בְּכוֹר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאָדָם עַד־בְּהֵמָה לִי יִהְיוּ אֲנִי יְהוָה
for all the first-born are Mine: on the day that I smote all the first-born in the land of Egypt I hallowed unto Me all the first-born in Israel, both man and beast, Mine they shall be: I am HaShem.'
Ἐμοὶ γὰρ πᾶν προτότοκον· ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἐπάταξα πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτου, ἡγίασα ἐμοὶ πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἐν Ἰσραήλ· ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους ἐμοὶ ἔσονται· ἐγὼ Κύριος.
For every firstborn [is] mine; in the day in which I smote every firstborn in the land of Egypt, I sanctified to myself every firstborn in Israel: both of man and beast, they shall be mine: I [am] the Lord.
14
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי לֵאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying:
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Σινᾷ, λέγων,
And the Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying,
15
פְּקֹד אֶת־בְּנֵי לֵוִי לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם כָּל־זָכָר מִבֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ וָמַעְלָה תִּפְקְדֵם
'Number the children of Levi by their fathers' houses, by their families; every male from a month old and upward shalt thou number them.'
ἐπίσκεψαι τοὺς υἱοὺς Λευὶ κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν· πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἀπὸ μηνιαίου καὶ ἐπάνω, ἐπισκέψασθε αὐοτύς.
Take the number of the sons of Levi, according to the houses of their families, according to their divisions; number ye them every male from a month old and upward.
16
וַיִּפְקֹד אֹתָם מֹשֶׁה עַל־פִּי יְהוָה כַּאֲשֶׁר צֻוָּה
And Moses numbered them according to the word of HaShem, as he was commanded.
Καὶ ἐπεσκέψαντο αὐτοὺς Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν διὰ φωνῆς Κυρίου, ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν αὐτοῖς Κύριος.
And Moses and Aaron numbered them by the word of the Lord, as the Lord commanded them.
17
וַיִּהְיוּ־אֵלֶּה בְנֵי־לֵוִי בִּשְׁמֹתָם גֵּרְשׁוֹן וּקְהָת וּמְרָרִי
And these were the sons of Levi by their names: Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari.
Καὶ ἦσαν οὗτοι οἱ υἱοὶ Λευὶ ἐξ ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν· Γεδσὼν, Καὰθ, καὶ Μεραρί.
And these were the sons of Levi by their names; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
18
וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי־גֵרְשׁוֹן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לִבְנִי וְשִׁמְעִי
And these are the names of the sons of Gershon by their families: Libni and Shimei.
Καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν υἱῶν Γεδσὼν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν· Λοβενὶ καὶ Σεμεΐ.
And these [are] the names of the sons of Gershon according to their families; Libni and Shimei:
19
וּבְנֵי קְהָת לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם עַמְרָם וְיִצְהָר חֶבְרוֹן וְעֻזִּיאֵל
And the sons of Kohath by their families: Amram and Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel.
Καὶ υἱοὶ Καὰθ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν· Ἀμρὰμ καὶ Ἰσσαὰρ, Χεβρὼν καὶ Ὀζιήλ.
and the sons of Kohath according to their families; Amram and Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel:
20
וּבְנֵי מְרָרִי לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם מַחְלִי וּמוּשִׁי אֵלֶּה הֵם מִשְׁפְּחֹת הַלֵּוִי לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם
And the sons of Merari by their families: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to their fathers' houses.
Καὶ υἱοὶ Μεραρὶ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν· Μοολὶ καὶ Μουσί· οὗτοί εἰσι δῆμοι τῶν Λευιτῶν κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν.
and the sons of Merari according to their families, Mahli and Mushi; these are the families of the Levites according to the houses of their families.
21
לְגֵרְשׁוֹן מִשְׁפַּחַת הַלִּבְנִי וּמִשְׁפַּחַת הַשִּׁמְעִי אֵלֶּה הֵם מִשְׁפְּחֹת הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּי
Of Gershon was the family of the Libnites, and the family of the Shimeites; these are the families of the Gershonites.
Τῷ Γεδσὼν δῆμος τοῦ Λοβενὶ, καὶ δῆμος τοῦ Σεμεΐ· οὗτοι δῆμοι τοῦ Γεδσών.
To Gershon belongs the family of Libni, and the family of Shimei: these are the families of Gershon.
22
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם בְּמִסְפַּר כָּל־זָכָר מִבֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ וָמָעְלָה פְּקֻדֵיהֶם שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת
Those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, even those that were numbered of them were seven thousand and five hundred.
Ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν παντὸς ἀρσενικοῦ ἀπὸ μηνιαίου καὶ ἐπάνω, ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν, ἑπτακισχίλιοι καὶ πεντακόσιοι.
The numbering of them according to the number of every male from a month old and upward, their numbering [was] seven thousand and five hundred.
23
מִשְׁפְּחֹת הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּי אַחֲרֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן יַחֲנוּ יָמָּה
The families of the Gershonites were to pitch behind the tabernacle westward;
Καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Γεδσὼν ὀπίσω τῆς σκηνῆς παρεμβαλοῦσι παρὰ θάλασσαν.
And the sons of Gershon shall encamp westward behind the tabernacle.
24
וּנְשִׂיא בֵית־אָב לַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּי אֶלְיָסָף בֶּן־לָאֵל
the prince of the fathers' house of the Gershonites being Eliasaph the son of Lael,
Καὶ ὁ ἄρχων οἴκου πατριᾶς τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Γεδσὼν, Ἑλισὰφ υἱὸς Δαήλ.
And the ruler of the household of the family of Gershon [was] Eliasaph the son of Lael.
25
וּמִשְׁמֶרֶת בְּנֵי־גֵרְשׁוֹן בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְהָאֹהֶל מִכְסֵהוּ וּמָסַךְ פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
and the charge of the sons of Gershon in the tent of meeting the tabernacle, and the Tent, the covering thereof, and the screen for the door of the tent of meeting,
Καὶ ἡ φυλακὴ υἱῶν Γεδσὼν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, ἡ σκηνὴ καὶ τὸ κάλυμμα, καὶ τὸ κατακάλυμμα τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου,
And the charge of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of witness [was] the tent and the veil, and the covering of the door of the tabernacle of witness,
26
וְקַלְעֵי הֶחָצֵר וְאֶת־מָסַךְ פֶּתַח הֶחָצֵר אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְעַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב וְאֵת מֵיתָרָיו לְכֹל עֲבֹדָתוֹ
and the hangings of the court, and the screen for the door of the court--which is by the tabernacle, and by the altar, round about--and the cords of it, even whatsoever pertaineth to the service thereof.
καὶ τὰ ἱστία τῆς αὐλῆς, καὶ τὸ καταπέτασμα τῆς πύλης τῆς αὐλῆς τῆς οὔσης ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς, καὶ τὰ κατάλοιπα πάντων τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ.
and the curtains of the court, and the veil of the door of the court, which is by the tabernacle, and the remainder of all its works.
27
וְלִקְהָת מִשְׁפַּחַת ה͏ַעַמְרָמִי וּמִשְׁפַּחַת הַיִּצְהָרִי וּמִשְׁפַּחַת ה͏ַחֶבְרֹנִי וּמִשְׁפַּחַת הָעָזִּיאֵלִי אֵלֶּה הֵם מִשְׁפְּחֹת הַקְּהָתִי
And of Kohath was the family of the Amramites, and the family of the Izharites, and the family of the Hebronites, and the family of the Uzzielites; these are the families of the Kohathites:
Τῷ Καὰθ δῆμος ὁ Ἀμρὰμ εἷς, καὶ δῆμος ὁ Ἰσσαὰρ εἷς, καὶ δῆμος ὁ Χεβρων εἷς, καὶ δῆμος ὁ Ὀζιὴλ εἷς· οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ δῆμοι τοῦ Καὰθ, κατὰ ἀριθμόν.
To Kohath [belonged] one division, that of Amram, and another division, that of Izhar, and another division, that of Hebron, and another division, that of Uzziel: these are the divisions of Kohath, according to number.
28
בְּמִסְפַּר כָּל־זָכָר מִבֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ וָמָעְלָה שְׁמֹנַת אֲלָפִים וְשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ
according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, eight thousand and six hundred, keepers of the charge of the sanctuary.
Πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἀπὸ μηνιαίου καὶ ἐπάνω, ὀκτακισχίλιοι καὶ ἑξακόσιοι, φυλάσσοντες τὰς φυλακὰς τῶν ἁγίων.
Every male from a month old and upward, eight thousand and six hundred, keeping the charges of the holy things.
29
מִשְׁפְּחֹת בְּנֵי־קְהָת יַחֲנוּ עַל יֶרֶךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּן תֵּימָנָה
The families of the sons of Kohath were to pitch on the side of the tabernacle southward;
Οἱ δῆμοι τῶν υἱῶν Καὰθ παρεμβαλοῦσιν ἐκ πλαγίων τῆς σκηνῆς κατὰ Λίβα.
The families of the sons of Kohath, shall encamp beside the tabernacle toward the south.
30
וּנְשִׂיא בֵית־אָב לְמִשְׁפְּחֹת הַקְּהָתִי אֶלִיצָפָן בֶּן־עֻזִּיאֵל
the prince of the fathers' house of the families of the Kohathites being Elizaphan the son of Uzziel,
Καὶ ὁ ἄρχων οἴκου πατριῶν τῶν δήμων τοῦ Καὰθ, Ἑλισαφὰν υἱὸς Ὀζιήλ.
And the chief of the house of the families of the divisions of Kohath, [was] Elizaphan the son of Uzziel.
31
וּמִשְׁמַרְתָּם הָאָרֹן וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַמְּנֹרָה וְהַמִּזְבְּחֹת וּכְלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר יְשָׁרְתוּ בָּהֶם וְהַמָּסָךְ וְכֹל עֲבֹדָתוֹ
and their charge the ark, and the table, and the candlestick, and the altars, and the vessels of the sanctuary wherewith the priests minister, and the screen, and all that pertaineth to the service thereof;
Καὶ ἡ φυλακὴ αὐτῶν ἡ κιβωτὸς, καὶ ἡ τράπεζα, καὶ ἡ λυχνία, καὶ τὰ θυσιαστήρια, καὶ τὰ σκεύη τοῦ ἁγίου ὅσα λειτουργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ τὸ κατακάλυμμα, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν.
And their charge [was] the ark, and the table, and the candlestick, and the altars, and all the vessels of the sanctuary wherewith they do holy service, and the veil, and all their works.
32
וּנְשִׂיא נְשִׂיאֵי הַלֵּוִי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן פְּקֻדַּת שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest being prince of the princes of the Levites, and having the oversight of them that keep the charge of the sanctuary.
Καὶ ὁ ἄρχων ἐπὶ τῶν ἀρχόντων τῶν Λευιτῶν, Ἐλεάζαρ ὁ υἱὸς Ἀαρὼν τοῦ ἱερέως, καθεσταμένος φυλάσσειν τὰς φυλακὰς τῶν ἁγίων.
And the chief over the chief of the Levites, [was] Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, appointed to keep the charges of the holy things.
33
לִמְרָרִי מִשְׁפַּחַת הַמַּחְלִי וּמִשְׁפַּחַת הַמּוּשִׁי אֵלֶּה הֵם מִשְׁפְּחֹת מְרָרִי
Of Merari was the family of the Mahlites, and the family of the Mushites; these are the families of Merari.
Τῷ Μεραρὶ δῆμος ὁ Μοολὶ, καὶ δῆμος ὁ Μουσί· οὗτοί εἰσι δῆμοι τοῦ Μεραρί.
To Merari [belonged] the family of Mahli, and the family of Mushi: these are the families of Merari.
34
וּפְקֻדֵיהֶם בְּמִסְפַּר כָּל־זָכָר מִבֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ וָמָעְלָה שֵׁשֶׁת אֲלָפִים וּמָאתָיִם
And those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, were six thousand and two hundred;
Ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν, πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἀπὸ μηνιαίου καὶ ἐπάνω, ἑξακισχίλιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα.
The mustering of them according to number, every male from a month old and upward, [was] six thousand and fifty.
35
וּנְשִׂיא בֵית־אָב לְמִשְׁפְּחֹת מְרָרִי צוּרִיאֵל בֶּן־אֲבִיחָיִל עַל יֶרֶךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּן יַחֲנוּ צָפֹנָה
the prince of the fathers' house of the families of Merari being Zuriel the son of Abihail; they were to pitch on the side of the tabernacle northward;
Καὶ ὁ ἄρχων οἴκου πατριῶν τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Μεραρὶ, Σουριὴλ υἱὸς Ἀβιχαίλ· ἐκ πλαγίων τῆς σκηνῆς παρεμβαλοῦσι πρὸς βοῤῥᾶν.
And the head of the house of the families of the division of Merari, was Zuriel the son of Abihail: they shall encamp by the side of the tabernacle northward.
36
וּפְקֻדַּת מִשְׁמֶרֶת בְּנֵי מְרָרִי קַרְשֵׁי הַמִּשְׁכָּן וּבְרִיחָיו וְעַמֻּדָיו וַאֲדָנָיו וְכָל־כֵּלָיו וְכֹל עֲבֹדָתוֹ
the appointed charge of the sons of Merari being the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and the sockets thereof, and all the instruments thereof, and all that pertaineth to the service thereof;
Ἡ ἐπίσκεψις τῆς φυλακῆς υἱῶν Μεραρὶ, τὰς κεφαλίδας τῆς σκηνῆς, καὶ τοὺς μοχλοὺς αὐτῆς, καὶ τοὺς στύλους αὐτῆς, καὶ τὰς βάσεις αὐτῆς, καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν,
The oversight of the charge of the sons of Merari [included] the chapiters of the tabernacle, and its bars, and its pillars, and its sockets, and all their furniture, and their works,
37
וְעַמֻּדֵי הֶחָצֵר סָבִיב וְאַדְנֵיהֶם וִיתֵדֹתָם וּמֵיתְרֵיהֶם
and the pillars of the court round about, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords.
καὶ τοὺς στύλους τῆς αὐλῆς κύκλῳ, καὶ τὰς βάσεις αὐτῶν, καὶ τοὺς πασσάλους, καὶ τοὺς κάλους αὐτῶν.
and the pillars of the court round about, and their bases, and their pins, and their cords.
38
וְהַחֹנִים לִפְנֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן קֵדְמָה לִפְנֵי אֹהֶל־מוֹעֵד מִזְרָחָה מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו שֹׁמְרִים מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַמִּקְדָּשׁ לְמִשְׁמֶרֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהַזָּר הַקָּרֵב יוּמָת
And those that were to pitch before the tabernacle eastward, before the tent of meeting toward the sunrising, were Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping the charge of the sanctuary, even the charge for the children of Israel; and the common man that drew nigh was to be put to death.
Οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες κατὰ πρόσωπον τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς, Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ, φυλάσσοντες τὰς φυλακὰς τοῦ ἁγίου εἰς τὰς φυλακὰς τῶν υἱῶν Ἰηραήλ· καὶ ὁ ἀλλογενὴς ὁ ἁπτόμενος, ἀποθανεῖται.
They that encamp before the tabernacle of witness on the east [shall be] Moses and Aaron and his sons, keeping the charges of the sanctuary according to the charges of the children of Israel; and the stranger that touches them, shall die.
39
כָּל־פְּקוּדֵי הַלְוִיִּם אֲשֶׁר פָּקַד מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן עַל־פִּי יְהוָה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם כָּל־זָכָר מִבֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ וָמַעְלָה שְׁנַיִם וְעֶשְׂרִים אָלֶף
All that were numbered of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron numbered at the commandment of HaShem, by their families, all the males from a month old and upward, were twenty and two thousand.
Πᾶσα ἡ ἐπίσκεψις τῶν Λευιτῶν, οὓς ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν διὰ φωνῆς Κυρίου κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἀπὸ μηνιαίου καὶ ἐπάνω, δύο καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδες.
All the numbering of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron numbered by the word of the Lord, according to their families, every male from a month old and upward, [were] two and twenty thousand.
40
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה פְּקֹד כָּל־בְּכֹר זָכָר לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִבֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ וָמָעְלָה וְשָׂא אֵת מִסְפַּר שְׁמֹתָם
And HaShem said unto Moses: 'Number all the first-born males of the children of Israel from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names.
Καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων, ἐπίσκεψαι πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἄρσεν τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἀπὸ μηνιαίου καὶ ἐπάνω· καὶ λάβετε τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἐξ ὀνόματος.
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, Count every firstborn male of the children of Israel from a month old and upward, and take the number by name.
41
וְלָקַחְתָּ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם לִי אֲנִי יְהוָה תַּחַת כָּל־בְּכֹר בִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֵת בֶּהֱמַת הַלְוִיִּם תַּחַת כָּל־בְּכוֹר בְּבֶהֱמַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
And thou shalt take the Levites for Me, even HaShem, instead of all the first-born among the children of Israel; and the cattle of the Levites instead of all the firstlings among the cattle of the children of Israel.'
Καὶ λήψῃ τοὺς Λευίτας ἐμοί, ἐγὼ Κύριος, ἀντὶ πάντων τῶν πρωτοτόκων τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ, καὶ τὰ κτήνη τῶν Λευιτῶν ἀντὶ πάντων τῶν πρωτοτόκων ἐν τοῖς κτήνεσι τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ.
And thou shalt take the Levites for me—I [am] the Lord—instead of all the firstborn of the sons of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the cattle of the children of Israel.
42
וַיִּפְקֹד מֹשֶׁה כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֹתוֹ אֶת־כָּל־בְּכֹר בִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
And Moses numbered, as HaShem commanded him, all the first-born among the children of Israel.
Καὶ ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς ὃν τρόπον ἐνετείλατο Κύριος πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ.
And Moses counted, as the Lord commanded him, every firstborn among the children of Israel.
43
וַיְהִי כָל־בְּכוֹר זָכָר בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת מִבֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ וָמַעְלָה לִפְקֻדֵיהֶם שְׁנַיִם וְעֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף שְׁלֹשָׁה וְשִׁבְעִים וּמָאתָיִם
And all the first-born males according to the number of names, from a month old and upward, of those that were numbered of them, were twenty and two thousand two hundred and threescore and thirteen.
Καὶ ἐγένοντο πάντα τὰ πρωτότοκα τὰ ἀρσενικὰ κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἐξ ὀνόματος ἀπὸ μηνιαίου καὶ ἐπάνω ἐκ τῆς ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν, δύο καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδες καὶ τρεῖς καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ διακόσιοι.
And all the male firstborn in number by name, from a month old and upward, were according to their numbering twenty-two thousand and two hundred and seventy-three.
44
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto Moses, saying:
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων,
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
45
קַח אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם תַּחַת כָּל־בְּכוֹר בִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶת־בֶּהֱמַת הַלְוִיִּם תַּחַת בְּהֶמְתָּם וְהָיוּ־לִי הַלְוִיִּם אֲנִי יְהוָה
'Take the Levites instead of all the first-born among the children of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle; and the Levites shall be Mine, even HaShem'S.
λάβε τοὺς Λευίτας ἀντὶ πάντων τῶν πρωτοτόκων υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ τὰ κτήνη τῶν Λευιτῶν ἀντὶ τῶν κτηνῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔσονται ἐμοὶ οἱ Λευῖται· ἐγὼ Κύριος.
Take the Levites instead of all the firstborn of the sons of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle, and the Levites shall be mine; I [am] the Lord.
46
וְאֵת פְּדוּיֵי הַשְּׁלֹשָׁה וְהַשִּׁבְעִים וְהַמָּאתָיִם הָעֹדְפִים עַל־הַלְוִיִּם מִבְּכוֹר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
And as for the redemption of the two hundred and three score and thirteen of the first-born of the children of Israel, that are over and above the number of the Levites,
Καὶ τὰ λύτρα τριῶν καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ διακοσίων οἱ πλεονάζοντες παρὰ τοὺς Λευίτας ἀπὸ τῶν πρωτοτόκων τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ·
And for the ransoms of the two hundred and seventy-three which exceed the Levites in number of the firstborn of the sons of Israel;
47
וְלָקַחְתָּ חֲמֵשֶׁת חֲמֵשֶׁת שְׁקָלִים לַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ תִּקָּח עֶשְׂרִים גֵּרָה הַשָּׁקֶל
thou shalt take five shekels apiece by the poll; after the shekel of the sanctuary shalt thou take them--the shekel is twenty gerahs.
Καὶ λήψῃ πέντε σίκλους κατὰ κεφαλὴν, κατὰ τὸ δίδραχμον τὸ ἅγιον λήψῃ, εἴκοσι ὀβολοὺς τοῦ σίκλου.
thou shalt even take five shekels a head; thou shalt take them according to the holy didrachma, twenty oboli to the shekel.
48
וְנָתַתָּה הַכֶּסֶף לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו פְּדוּיֵי הָעֹדְפִים בָּהֶם
And thou shalt give the money wherewith they that remain over of them are redeemed unto Aaron and to his sons.'
Καὶ δώσεις τὸ ἀργύριον Ἀαρὼν καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ, λύτρα τῶν πλεοναζόντων ἐν αὐτοῖς.
And thou shalt give the money to Aaron and to his sons, the ransom of those who exceed in number among them.
49
וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֵת כֶּסֶף הַפִּדְיוֹם מֵאֵת הָעֹדְפִים עַל פְּדוּיֵי הַלְוִיִּם
And Moses took the redemption-money from them that were over and above them that were redeemed by the Levites;
Καὶ ἔλαβε Μωυσῆς τὸ ἀργύριον τὰ λύτρα τῶν πλεοναζόντων εἰς τὴν ἐκλύτρωσιν τῶν Λευιτῶν.
And Moses took the silver, the ransom of those that exceeded in number the redemption of the Levites.
50
מֵאֵת בְּכוֹר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לָקַח אֶת־הַכָּסֶף חֲמִשָּׁה וְשִׁשִּׁים וּשְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת וָאֶלֶף בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ
from the first-born of the children of Israel took he the money: a thousand three hundred and threescore and five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary.
Παρὰ τῶν πρωτοτόκων τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἔλαβε τὸ ἀργύριον, χιλίους τριακοσίους ἑξηκονταπέντε σίκλους, κατὰ τὸν σίκλον τὸν ἅγιον.
He took the silver from the firstborn of the sons of Israel, a thousand three hundred and sixty-five shekels, according to the holy shekel.
51
וַיִּתֵּן מֹשֶׁה אֶת־כֶּסֶף הַפְּדֻיִם לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו עַל־פִּי יְהוָה כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה
And Moses gave the redemption-money unto Aaron and to his sons, according to the word of HaShem, as HaShem commanded Moses.
Καὶ ἔδωκε Μωυσῆς τὰ λύτρα τῶν πλεοναζόντων Ἀαρὼν καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ, διὰ φωνῆς Κυρίου, ὃν τρόπον συνέταξε Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ.
And Moses gave the ransom of them that were over to Aaron and his sons, by the word of the Lord, as the Lord commanded Moses.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

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