Textorah

Letter of Jeremiah 1

1
ΑΝΤΙΓΡΑΦΟΝ ἐπιστολῆς ἧς ἀπέστειλεν Ἱερεμίας πρὸς τοὺς ἀχθησομένους αἰχμαλώτους εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν Βαβυλωνίων, ἀναγγεῖλαι αὐτοῖς καθότι ἐπετάγη αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ.
A copy of an epistle, which Jeremiah sent unto them which were to be led captives into Babylon by the king of the Babylonians, to certify them, as it was commanded him of God.
2
Διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἃς ἡμαρτήκατε ἐναντίον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀχθήσεσθε εἰς Βαβυλῶνα αἰχμάλωτοι ὑπὸ Ναβουχοδονόσορ βασιλέως τῶν Βαβυλωνίων.
Because of the sins which ye have committed before God, ye shall be led away captives into Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar king of the Babylonians.
3
Εἰσελθόντες οὖν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα, ἔσεσθε ἐκεῖ ἔτη πλείονα καὶ χρόνον μακρὸν, ἕως γενεῶν ἑπτά· μετὰ τοῦτο δὲ ἐξάξω ὑμᾶς ἐκεῖθεν μετʼ εἰρήνης.
So when ye be come unto Babylon, ye shall remain there many years, and for a long season, namely, seven generations: and after that I will bring you away peaceably from thence.
4
Νυνὶ δὲ ὄψεσθε ἐν Βαβυλῶνι θεοὺς ἀργυροῦς καὶ χρυσοῦς καὶ ξυλίνους ἐπʼ ὤμοις αἰρομένους, δεικνύντας φόβον τοῖς ἔθνεσιν.
Now shall ye see in Babylon gods of silver, and of gold, and of wood, borne upon shoulders, which cause the nations to fear.
5
Εὐλαβήθητε οὖν μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀφομοιωθέντες τοῖς ἀλλοφύλοις ἀφομοιωθῆτε, καὶ φόβος ὑμᾶς λὰβῃ ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς, ἰδόντας ὄχλον ἔμπροσθεν καὶ ὄπισθεν αὐτῶν προσκυνοῦντας αὐτά.
Beware therefore that ye in nowise be like to strangers, neither be ye afraid of them, when ye see the multitude before them and behind them, worshiping them.
6
Εἴπατε δὲ τῇ διανοίᾳ, σοὶ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν, δέσποτα.
But say ye in your hearts, O Lord, we must worship thee.
7
Ὁ γὰρ ἄγγελός μου μεθʼ ὑμῶν ἐστιν, αὐτός τε ἐκζητῶν τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν.
For mine angel is with you, and I myself caring for your souls.
8
Γλῶσσα γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐστι κατεξυσμένη ὑπὸ τέκτονος, αὐτά τε περίχρυσα καὶ περιάργυρα, ψευδῆ δʼ ἐστὶ, καὶ οὐ δύνανται λαλεῖν.
As for their tongue, it is polished by the workman, and they themselves are gilded and laid over with gold; yet are they but false, and cannot speak.
9
Καὶ ὥσπερ παρθένῳ φιλοκόσμῳ λαμβάνοντες χρυσίον, κατασκευάζουσι στεφάνους ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς τῶν θεῶν αὐτῶν.
And taking gold, as it were for a virgin that loveth to go gay, they make crowns for the heads of their gods.
10
Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὅτε ὑφαιρούμενοι οἱ ἱερεῖς ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν αὐτῶν χρυσίον καὶ ἀργύριον εἰς ἑαυτοὺς καταναλοῦσι.
Sometimes also the priests convey from their gods gold and silver, and bestow it upon themselves.
11
Δώσουσι δὲ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν καὶ ταῖς ἐπὶ τοῦ στέγους πόρναις· κοσμοῦσί τε αὐτοὺς, ὡς ἀνθρώπους, τοῖς ἐνδύμασι, θεοὺς ἀργυροῦς, καὶ θεοὺς χρυσοῦς, καὶ ξυλίνους.
Yea, they will give thereof to the common harlots, and deck them as men with garments, [being] gods of silver, and gods of gold, and wood.
12
Οὗτοι δὲ οὐ διασώζονται ἀπὸ ἰοῦ καὶ βρωμάτων, περιβεβλημένων αὐτῶν ἱματισμὸν πορφυροῦν.
Yet cannot these gods save themselves from rust and moths, though they be covered with purple raiment.
13
Ἐκμάσσονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν διὰ τὸν ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας κονιορτὸν, ὅς ἐστι πλείων ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς.
They wipe their faces because of the dust of the temple, when there is much upon them.
14
Καὶ σκῆπτρον ἔχει ὡς ἄνθρωπος κριτὴς χώρας, ὃς τὸν εἰς αὐτὸν ἁμαρτάνοντα οὐκ ἀνελεῖ.
And he that cannot put to death one that offendeth him holdeth a scepter, as though he were a judge of the country.
15
Ἔχει δὲ ἐγχειρίδιον δεξιᾷ, καὶ πέλεκυν· ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἐκ πολέμον καὶ λῃστῶν οὐκ ἐξελεῖται.
He hath also in his right hand a dagger and an axe: but cannot deliver himself from war and thieves.
16
Ὅθεν γνώριμοί εἰσιν οὐκ ὄντες θεοί· μὴ οὖν φοβηθῆτε αὐτούς.
Whereby they are known not to be gods: therefore fear them not.
17
Ὥσπερ γὰρ σκεῦος ἀνθρώπου συντριβὲν ἀχρεῖον γῖνεται, τοιοῦτοι ὑπάρχουσιν οἱ θεοὶ αὐτῶν, καθιδρυμένων αὐτῶν ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις· οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν πλήρεις εἰσὶ κονιορτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ποδῶν τῶν εἰσπορευομένων.
For like as a vessel that a man useth is nothing worth when it is broken; even so it is with their gods: when they be set up in the temple, their eyes be full of dust through the feet of them that come in.
18
Καὶ ὥσπερ τινὶ ἠδικηκότι βασιλέα, περιπεφραγμέναι εἰσὶν αἱ αὐλαὶ, ὡς ἐπὶ θανάτῳ ἀπηγμένῳ· τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν ὀχυροῦσιν οἱ ἱερεῖς θυρώμασί τε καὶ κλείθροις καὶ μοχλοῖς, ὅπως ὑπὸ τῶν λῃστῶν μὴ συληθῶσι.
And as the doors are made sure on every side upon him that offendeth the king, as being committed to suffer death; even so the priests make fast their temples with doors, with locks, and bars, lest [their gods] be spoiled with robbers.
19
Λύχνους καίουσι, καὶ πλείους ἢ ἑαυτοῖς, ὧν οὐδένα δύνανται ἰδεῖν.
They light them candles, yea, more than for themselves, whereof they cannot see one.
20
Ἔστι μὲν ὥσπερ δοκὸς τῶν ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας, τὰς δὲ καρδίας αὐτῶν φασιν ἐκλείχεσθαι τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἑρπετῶν, κατεσθόντων αὐτούς τε καὶ τὸν ἱματισμὸν αὐτῶν οὐκ αἰσθάνονται·
They are as one of the beams of the temple, yet they say their hearts are gnawed upon by things creeping out of the earth; and when they eat them and their clothes, they feel it not.
21
Μεμελανωμένοι τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ καπνοῦ τοῦ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας.
Their faces are blackened through the smoke that cometh out of the temple.
22
Ἐπὶ τὸ σῶμα αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν ἐφίπτανται νυκτερίδες, χελιδόνες, καὶ τὰ ὄρνεα, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ οἱ αἴλουροι.
Upon their bodies and heads sit bats, swallows, and birds, and the cats also.
23
Ὅθεν γνώσεσθε ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶ θεοί· μὴ οὖν φοβεῖσθε αὐτά.
By this ye may know that they are no gods: therefore fear them not.
24
Τὸ γὰρ χρυσίον ὃ περίκεινται εἰς κάλλος, ἐὰν μή τις ἐκμάξῃ τὸν ἰὸν, οὐ μὴ στίλψωσιν, οὐδὲ γὰρ ὅτε ἐχωνεύοντο, ᾐσθάνοντο.
Notwithstanding the gold that is about them to make them beautiful, except they wipe off the rust, they will not shine: for neither when they were molten did they feel it.
25
Ἐκ πάσης τιμῆς ἠγορασμένα ἐστὶν, ἐν οἷς οὐκ ἔστι πνεῦμα.
The things wherein there is no breath are bought for a most high price.
26
Ἄνευ ποδῶν ἐπʼ ὤμοις φέρονταὶ, ἐνδεικνύμενοι τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀτιμίαν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.
They are borne upon shoulders, having no feet, whereby they declare unto men that they be nothing worth.
27
Αἰσχύνονταί τε καὶ οἱ θεραπεύοντες αὐτὰ, διὰ τὸ, εἴποτε ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν πέσῃ, μὴ διʼ αὐτῶν ἀνίστασθαι, μήτε ἐάν τις αὐτὸ ὀρθὸν στήσῃ, διʼ ἑαυτοῦ κινηθήσεται, μητε ἐὰν κλιθῇ, οὐ μὴ ὀρθωθῇ, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ νεκροῖς τὰ δῶρα αὐτοῖς παρατίθεται.
They also that serve them are ashamed: for if they fall to the ground at any time, they cannot rise up again of themselves: neither, if one set them upright, can they move of themselves: neither, if they be bowed down, can they make themselves straight: but they set gifts before them, as unto dead men.
28
Τὰς δὲ θυσίας αὐτῶν ἀποδόμενοι οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτῶν καταχρῶνται· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ταριχεύουσαι, οὐτε πτωχῷ οὔτε ἀδυνάτῳ μὴ μεταδῶσι.
As for the things that are sacrificed unto them, their priests sell and abuse; in like manner their wives lay up part thereof in salt; but unto the poor and impotent they give nothing of it.
29
Τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν ἀποκαθημένη καὶ λεχὼ ἅπτονται· γνόντες οὖν ἀπὸ τούτων ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶ θεοὶ, μὴ φοβηθῆτε αὐτούς.
Menstruous women and women in childbed eat their sacrifices: by these things ye may know that they are no gods: fear them not.
30
Πόθεν γὰρ κληθείησαν θεοί; ὅτι γυναῖκες παρατιθέασι θεοῖς ἀργυροῖς και χρυσοῖς καὶ ξυλίνοις.
For how can they be called gods? because women set meat before the gods of silver, gold, and wood.
31
Καὶ ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις αὐτῶν οἱ ἱερεῖς διφρεύουσιν, ἔχοντες τοὺς χιτῶνας διεῤῥωγότας, καὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς καὶ τοὺς πώγωνας ἐξυρημένους, ὧν αἱ κεφαλαὶ ἀκάλυπτοί εἰσιν.
And the priests sit in their temples, having their clothes rent, and their heads and beards shaven, and nothing upon their heads.
32
Ὠρύονται δὲ βοῶντες ἐναντίον τῶν θεῶν αὐτῶν, ὥσπερ τινὲς ἐν περιδείπνῳ νεκροῦ.
They roar and cry before their gods, as men do at the feast when one is dead.
33
Ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱματισμοῦ αὐτῶν ἀφελόμενοι οἱ ἱερεῖς, ἐνδύσουσι τὰς γυναῖκας αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ παιδία.
The priests also take off their garments, and clothe their wives and children.
34
Οὔτε ἐὰν κακὸν πάθωσιν ὑπό τινος, οὔτε ἐὰν ἀγαθὸν, δυνήσονται ἀνταποδοῦναι· οὔτε καταστῆσαι βασιλέα δύνανται, οὔτε ἀφελέσθαι.
Whether it be evil that one doeth unto them, or good, they are not able to recompense it: they can neither set up a king, nor put him down.
35
Ὡσαύτως οὔτε πλοῦτον οὔτε χαλκὸν οὐ μὴ δύνωνται διδόναι· ἐάν τις εὐχὴν αὐτοῖς εὐξάμενος μὴ ἀποδῷ, οὐ μὴ ἐπιζητήσωσιν.
In like manner, they can neither give riches nor money: though a man make a vow unto them, and keep it not, they will not require it.
36
Ἐκ θανάτου ἄνθρωπον οὐ μὴ ῥύσωνται, οὔτε ἥττονα ἀπὸ ἰσχυροῦ μὴ ἐξέλωνται.
They can save no man from death, neither deliver the weak from the mighty.
37
Ἄνθρωπον τυφλὸν εἰς ὅρασιν οὐ μὴ περιστήσωσιν, ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἄνθρωπον ὄντα οὐ μὴ ἐξέλωνται.
They cannot restore a blind man to his sight, nor help any man in his distress.
38
Χήραν οὐ μὴ ἐλεήσωσιν, οὔτε ὀρφανὸν εὖ ποιήσωσι.
They can show no mercy to the widow, nor do good to the fatherless.
39
Τοῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρους λίθοις ὡμοιωμὲνοι εἰσὶ τὰ ξύλινα, καὶ τὰ περίχρυσα, καὶ τὰ περιάργυρα, οἱ δὲ θεραπεύοντες αὐτὰ καταισχυνθήσονται.
Their gods of wood, and which are overlaid with gold and silver, are like the stones that be hewn out of the mountain: they that worship them shall be confounded.
40
Πῶς οὖν νομιστέον ἢ κλητέον ὑπάρχειν αὐτοὺς θεοὺς, ἔτι δὲ καὶ αὐτῶν τῶν Χαλδαίων ἀτιμαζόντων αὐτά;
How should a man then think and say that they are gods, when even the Chaldeans themselves dishonor them?
41
Οἳ ὅταν ἴδωσιν ἐνεὸν μὴ δυνάμενον λαλῆσαι, προσενεγκάμενοι τὸν Βῆλον, ἀξιοῦσι φωνῆσαι, ὠς δυνατοῦ ὄντος αὐτοῦ αἰσθὲσθαι.
Who if they shall see one dumb that cannot speak, they bring him, and entreat Bel that he may speak, as though he were able to understand.
42
Καὶ οὐ δύνανται αὐτοὶ νοήσαντες καταλιπεῖν αὐτὰ, αἴσθησιν γὰρ οὐκ ἐχουσιν.
Yet they cannot understand this themselves, and leave them: for they have no knowledge.
43
Αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες περιθέμεναι σχοινὶα, ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς ἐγκάθηνται, θυμιῶσαι τὰ πίτυρα· ὅτας δέ τις αὐτῶν ἐφελκυσθεῖσα ὑπό τινος τῶν παραπορευομένων κοιμηθῇ, τὴν πλησίον ὀνειδίζει, ὅτι οὐκ ἠξίωται ὥσπερ καὶ αὐτὴ, οὔτε τὸ σχοινίον αὐτῆς διεῤῥάγη.
The women also with cords about them, sitting in the ways, burn bran for perfume: but if any of them, drawn by some that passeth by, lie with him, she reproacheth her fellow, that she was not thought as worthy as herself, nor her cord broken.
44
Πάντα τὰ γενόμενα ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐστι ψευδῆ· πῶς οὖν νομιστέον ἢ κλητέον ὡς θεοὺς αὐτοὺς ὑπάρχειν;
Whatsoever is done among them is false: how may it then be thought or said that they are gods?
45
Ὑπὸ τεκτόνων καὶ χρυσοχόων κατεσκευασμένα εἰσίν· οὐθὲν ἄλλο μὴ γὲνηται, ἢ ὃ βούλονται οἱ τεχνίται αὐτὰ γενέσθαι.
They are made of carpenters and goldsmiths: they can be nothing else than the workmen will have them to be.
46
Αὐτοί τε οἱ κατασκευάζοντες αὐτὰ οὐ μὴ γένωνται πολυχρόνιοι· πῶς τε δὴ μέλλει τὰ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν κατασκευασθέντα;
And they themselves that made them can never continue long; how should then the things that are made of them be gods
47
Κατέλιπον γὰρ ψεύδη καὶ ὄνειδος τοῖς ἐπιγινομένοις.
For they left lies and reproaches to them that come after.
48
Ὅταν γὰρ ἐπέλθῃ ἐπʼ αὐτὰ πόλεμος καὶ κακὰ, βουλεύονται πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς οἱ ἱερεῖς, ποῦ συναποκρυβῶσι μετʼ αὐτῶν.
For when there cometh any war or plague upon them, the priests consult with themselves, where they may be hidden with them.
49
Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἔστιν αἰσθέσθαι ὅτι οὐκ εἰσί θεοί, οἳ οὔτε σώζουσιν ἑαυτοὺς ἐκ πολέμου, οὔτε ἐκ κακῶν;
How then cannot men perceive that they be no gods, which can neither save themselves from war, nor from plague?
50
Ὑπάρχοντα γὰρ ξύλινα καὶ περίχρυσα καὶ περιάργυρα, γνωσθήσεται μετὰ ταῦτα ὅτι ἐστὶ ψευδῆ.
For seeing they be but of wood, and overlaid with silver and gold, it shall be known hereafter that they are false:
51
Τοῖς ἔθνεσι πᾶσι τοῖς τε βασιλεῦσι φανερὸν ἔσται ὃτι οὐκ εἰσὶ θεοὶ, ἀλλὰ ἔργα χειρῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ οὐδὲν Θεοῦ ἔργον ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐστι.
and it shall manifestly appear to all nations and kings that they are no gods, but the works of men’s hands, and that there is no work of God in them.
52
Τίνι οὖν γνωστέον ἐστὶν ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶ θεοί;
Who then may not know that they are no gods?
53
Βασιλὲα γὰρ χώρας οὐ μὴ ἀναστήσωσιν, οὔτε ὑετὸν ἀνθρώποις οὐ μὴ δῶσι.
For neither can they set up a king in the land, nor give rain unto men.
54
Κρίσιν τε οὐ μὴ διακρίνωσιν ἑαυτῶν, οὐδὲ μὴ ῥύσωνται ἀδίκημα, ἀδὺνατοι ὄντες· ὥσπερ γὰρ κορῶναι ἀναμέσον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς.
Neither can they judge their own cause, nor redress a wrong, being unable: for they are as crows between heaven and earth.
55
Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν ἐμπέσῃ εἰς οἰκίαν θεῶν ξυλίνων ἡ περιχρύσων ἢ περιαργύρων πῦρ, οἱ μὲν ἱερεῖν φεύξονται καὶ διασωθήσονται, αὐτοὶ δὲ ὥσπερ δοκοὶ μέσοι κατακαυθήσονται.
Whereupon when fire falleth upon the house of gods of wood, or laid over with gold or silver, their priests will flee away, and escape: but they themselves shall be burned asunder like beams.
56
Βασιλεῖ δὲ καὶ πολεμίοις οὐ μὴ ἀντιστῶσι· πῶς οὖν ἐκδεκτέον ἢ νομιστέον ὅτι εἰσὶ θεοί;
Moreover they cannot withstand any king or enemies: how can it then be thought or said that they be gods?
57
Οὔτε ἀπὸ κλεπτῶν, οὔτε ἀπὸ λῃστῶν οὐ μὴ διασωθῶσι θεοὶ ξύλινον, καὶ περιάργυροι, καὶ περίχρυσοι·
Neither are those gods of wood, and laid over with silver or gold, able to escape either from thieves or robbers.
58
ὧν οἱ ἰσχύοντες περιελοῦνται τὸ χρυσίον καὶ τὸ ἀργύριον, καὶ τὸν ἱματισμὸν τὸν περικείμενον αὐτοῖς ἀπελεύσονται ἔχοντες, οὔτε ἑαυτοῖς οὐ μὴ βοηθήσωσιν.
Whose gold, and silver, and garments wherewith they are clothed, they that are strong do take, and go away withal: neither are they able to help themselves.
59
Ὥστε κρεῖσσον εἶναι βασιλέα ἐπιδεικνύμενον τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀνδρείαν, ἢ σκεῦος ἐν οἰκίᾳ χρήσιμον ἐφʼ ᾧ κεχρήσεται ὁ κεκτημένος, ἢ οἱ ψευδεῖς θεοί· ἢ καὶ θύρα ἐν οἰκίᾳ διασώζουσα τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ὄντα, ἢ οἱ ψευδεῖς θεοί· καὶ ξύλινος στύλος ἐν βασιλείοις, ἤ οἱ ψευδεῖς θεοί.
Therefore it is better to be a king that showeth his power, or else a profitable vessel in a house, which the owner shall have use of, than such false gods; or to be a door in a house, to keep such things safe as be therein, than such false gods; or a pillar of wood in a palace, than such false gods.
60
Ἥλιος μὲν γὰρ καὶ σελήνη καὶ ἄστρα ὄντα λαμπρὰ, καὶ ἀποστελλόμενα ἐπὶ χρείας, εὐήκοά εἰσιν.
For sun, moon, and stars, being bright, and sent to do their offices, are obedient.
61
Ὡσαύτως καὶ ἀστραπὴ ὅταν ἐπιφανῇ, εὔοπτός ἐστι· τὸ δʼ αὐτὸ καὶ πνεῦμα ἐν πάσῃ χώρᾳ πνεῖ.
In like manner the lightning when it breaketh forth is easy to be seen: and after the same manner the wind bloweth in every country.
62
Καὶ νεφέλαις ὅταν ἐπιταγῆ ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιπορεύεσθαι ἐπιπορεύεσθαι ἐφʼ ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην, συντελοῦσι τὸ ταχθέν.
And when God commandeth the clouds to go over the whole world, they do as they are bidden.
63
Τό, τε πῦρ ἐξαποσταλὲν ἄνωθεν ἐξαναλῶσαι ὄρη καὶ δρυμοὺς, ποιεῖ τὸ συνταχθὲν· ταῦτα δὲ οὔτε ταῖς εἰδέαις οὔτε ταῖς δυνάμεσιν αὐτῶν ἀφωμοιωμένα ἐστίν.
And the fire sent from above to consume hills and woods doeth as it is commanded: but these are like unto them neither in show nor power.
64
Ὅθεν οὔτε νομιστέον οὔτε κλητέον ὑπάρχειν αὐτοὺς θεοὺς, οὐ δυνατῶν ὄντων αὐτῶν οὔτε κλητέον κρίναι, οὔτε εὖ ποιῆσαι ἀνθρώποις.
Wherefore it is neither to be supposed nor said that they are gods, seeing they are able neither to judge causes, nor to do good unto men.
65
Γνόντες οὖν ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶ θεοί, μὴ φοβηθῆτε αὐτούς·
Knowing therefore that they are no gods, fear them not.
66
Οὔτε γὰρ βασιλεῦσιν οὐ μὴ καταράσωνται, οὔτε μὴ εὐλογήσωσι.
For they can neither curse nor bless kings:
67
Σημεῖά τε ἐν ἔθνεσιν ἐν οὐρανῷ οὐ μὴ δείξωσιν, οὐδὲ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος λάμψουσιν, οὔτε φωτιοῦσιν ὡς ἡ σελήνη.
neither can they show signs in the heavens among the heathen, nor shine as the sun, nor give light as the moon.
68
Τὰ θηρία αὐτῶν ἐστι κρείττω, ἃ δύνανται ἐκφυγόντα εἰς σκέπην ἑαυτὰ ὠφελῆσαι.
The beasts are better than they: for they can get under a covert, and help themselves.
69
Κατʼ οὐδένα οὖν τρόπον ἡμῖν ἑστι φανερὸν ὅτι εἰσὶ θεοί· διὸ μὴ φοβηθῆτε αὐτούς.
It is then by no means manifest unto us that they are gods: therefore fear them not.
70
Ὥσοερ γὰρ ἐν σικυηράτῳ προβασκάνιον οὐδὲν φυλάσσον, οὕτως οἱ θεοὶ αὐτῶν εἰσι ξύλινοι καὶ περίχρυσον καὶ περιάργυροι.
For as a scarecrow in a garden of cucumbers keepeth nothing: so are their gods of wood, and laid over with silver and gold.
71
τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τῇ. ἐν κήπῳ ῥάμνῳ, ἐφʼ ἧς πᾶν ὄρνεον ἐπικάθηται, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ νεκρῷ ἐῤῥιμμένῳ ἐν σκότει ἀφωμοίωνται οἱ θεοὶ αὐτῶν ξύλινοι καὶ περίχρυσοι καὶ περιάργυροι.
And likewise their gods of wood, and laid over with silver and gold, are like to a white thorn in an orchard, that every bird sitteth upon; as also to a dead body, that is cast into the dark.
72
Ἀπό τε τῆς πορφύρας καὶ τῆς μαρμάρου τῆς ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς σηπομένης γνωσθήσονται ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶ θεοί· αὐτά τε ἐξ ὑστέρου βρωθήσονται, καὶ ἔσται ὄνειδος ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ.
And ye shall know them to be no gods by the bright purple that rotteth upon them: and they themselves afterward shall be eaten, and shall be a reproach in the country.
73
Κρεῖσσον οὖ ἄνθρωπος δίκαιος οὐκ ἔχων εἴδωλα, ἔσται γὰρ μακρὰν ἀπὸ ὀνειδισμοῦ.
Better therefore is the just man that hath no idols: for he shall be far from reproach.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

Building and updating

The page reads prepared data from the data folder; python3 build.py (in the app folder) downloads the sources into sources and rebuilds it in a few minutes. Two files must be added by hand: eng-Brenton_vpl.zip from ebible.org and SPE.zip from CrossWire. python3 build.py --public-domain-only leaves out the three non-commercially-licensed layers; --download-only just fetches the sources. Licences and required credits are listed in SOURCES.md.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this app, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org, which states no licence, so it is only included when you download it yourself. Their placement was made for this app by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: SOURCES.md.