Textorah

Joshua 15

1
וַיְהִי הַגּוֹרָל לְמַטֵּה בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם אֶל־גְּבוּל אֱדוֹם מִדְבַּר־צִן נֶגְבָּה מִקְצֵה תֵימָן
And the lot for the tribe of the children of Judah according to their families was unto the border of Edom, even to the wilderness of Zin southward, at the uttermost part of the south.
Καὶ ἐγένετο τὰ ὅρια φυλῆς Ἰούδα κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων τῆς Ἰδουμαίας ἀπὸ τῆς ἐρήμου Σὶν ἕως Κάδης πρὸς Λίβα.
And the borders of the tribe of Judah according to their families were from the borders of Edom from the wilderness of Zin, as far as Kadesh southward.
2
וַיְהִי לָהֶם גְּבוּל נֶגֶב מִקְצֵה יָם הַמֶּלַח מִן־הַלָּשֹׁן הַפֹּנֶה נֶגְבָּה
And their south border was from the uttermost part of the Salt Sea, from the bay that looked southward.
Καὶ ἐγενήθη αὐτῶν τὰ ὅρια ἀπὸ Λιβὸς ἕως μέρους θαλάσσης τῆς ἁλυκῆς ἀπὸ τῆς λοφιᾶς τῆς φερούσης ἐπὶ Λίβα.
And their borders were from the south as far as a part of the salt sea from the high country that extends southward.
3
וְיָצָא אֶל־מִנֶּגֶב לְמַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים וְעָבַר צִנָה וְעָלָה מִנֶּגֶב לְקָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ וְעָבַר חֶצְרוֹן וְעָלָה אַדָּרָה וְנָסַב הַקַּרְקָּעָה
And it went out southward of the ascent of Akrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and went up by the south of Kadesh-barnea, and passed along by Hezron, and went up to Addar, and turned about to Karka.
Καὶ διαπορεύεται ἀπέναντι τῆς προσαναβάσεως Ἀκραβίν· καὶ ἐκπεριπορεύεται Σενὰ, καὶ ἀναβαίνει ἀπὸ Λιβὸς ἐπὶ Κάδης Βαρνῆ· καὶ ἐκπορεύεται Ἀσωρὼν, καὶ προσαναβαίνει εἰς Σάραδα· καὶ ἐκπορεύεται τὴν κατὰ δυσμὰς Κάδης,
And they proceed before the ascent of Akrabbim, and go out round Zin, and go up from the south to Kadesh-barnea; and go out to Hezron, and proceed up to Addar, and go out by the way that is west of Kadesh.
4
וְעָבַר עַצְמוֹנָה וְיָצָא נַחַל מִצְרַיִם והיה וְהָיוּ תֹּצְאוֹת הַגְּבוּל יָמָּה זֶה־יִהְיֶה לָכֶם גְּבוּל נֶגֶב
And it passed along to Azmon, and went out at the Brook of Egypt; and the goings out of the border were at the sea; this shall be your south border.
καὶ ἐκπορεύεται ἐπὶ Σελμωνὰν, καὶ διεκβάλλει ἕως φάραγγος Αἰγύπτου· καὶ ἔσται αὐτοῦ ἡ διέξοδος τῶν ὁρίων ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν· τοῦτό ἐστιν αὐτῶν ὅρια ἀπὸ Λιβός.
And they go out to Azmon, and issue at the Valley of Egypt; and the termination of its boundaries shall be at the sea: these are their boundaries southward.
5
וּגְבוּל קֵדְמָה יָם הַמֶּלַח עַד־קְצֵה הַיַּרְדֵּן וּגְבוּל לִפְאַת צָפוֹנָה מִלְּשׁוֹן הַיָּם מִקְצֵה הַיַּרְדֵּן
And the east border was the Salt Sea, even unto the end of the Jordan. And the border of the north side was from the bay of the sea at the end of the Jordan.
Καὶ τὰ ὅρια ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν πᾶσα ἡ θάλασσα ἡ ἁλυκὴ ἕως τοῦ Ἰορδάνου. Καὶ τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν ἀπὸ Βοῤῥᾶ, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς λοφιᾶς τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ μέρους τοῦ Ἰορδάνου.
And their boundaries eastward [are] all the salt sea as far as Jordan; and their borders from the north, and from the border of the sea, and from part of Jordan—
6
וְעָלָה הַגְּבוּל בֵּית חָגְלָה וְעָבַר מִצְּפוֹן לְבֵית הָעֲרָבָה וְעָלָה הַגְּבוּל אֶבֶן בֹּהַן בֶּן־רְאוּבֵן
And the border went up to Beth-hoglah, and passed along by the north of Beth-arabah; and the border went up to the Stone of Bohan the son of Reuben.
Ἐπιβαίνει τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ Βαιθαγλαάμ· καὶ παραπορεύεται ἀπὸ Βοῤῥᾶ ἐπὶ Βαιθάραβα, καὶ προσαναβαίνει τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ λίθον Βαιὼν υἱοῦ Ῥουβήν·
the borders go up to Beth-hoglah, and they go along from the north to Beth-arabah, and the borders go on up to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben.
7
וְעָלָה הַגְּבוּל דְּבִרָה מֵעֵמֶק עָכוֹר וְצָפוֹנָה פֹּנֶה אֶל־הַגִּלְגָּל אֲשֶׁר־נֹכַח לְמַעֲלֵה אֲדֻמִּים אֲשֶׁר מִנֶּגֶב לַנָּחַל וְעָבַר הַגְּבוּל אֶל־מֵי־עֵין שֶׁמֶשׁ וְהָיוּ תֹצְאֹתָיו אֶל־עֵין רֹגֵל
And the border went up to Debir from the valley of Achor, and so northward, looking toward Gilgal, that is over against the ascent of Adummim, which is on the south side of the brook; and the border passed along to the waters of En-shemesh, and the goings out thereof were at En-rogel.
Καὶ προσαναβαίνει τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ τὸ τέταρτον τῆς φάραγγος Ἀχὼρ, καὶ καταβαίνει ἐπὶ Γαλγὰλ, ἥ ἐστιν ἀπέναντι τῆς προσβάσεως Ἀδαμμὶν, ἥ ἐστι κατὰ Λίβα τῇ φάραγγι, καὶ διεκβάλλεῖ ἐπὶ τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς πηγῆς τοῦ ἡλίου· καὶ ἔσται αὐτοῦ ἡ διέξοδος πηγὴ Ῥωγήλ·
And the borders continue on to the fourth part of the Valley of Achor, and go down to Gilgal, which is before the approach of Adummim, which is southward in the valley, and terminate at the water of the fountain of the sun; and their going forth shall be the fountain of Rogel.
8
וְעָלָה הַגְּבוּל גֵּי בֶן־הִנֹּם אֶל־כֶּתֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנֶּגֶב הִיא יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וְעָלָה הַגְּבוּל אֶל־רֹאשׁ הָהָר אֲשֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵי גֵי־הִנֹּם יָמָּה אֲשֶׁר בִּקְצֵה עֵמֶק־רְפָאִים צָפֹנָה
And the border went up by the Valley of the son of Hinnom unto the side of the Jebusite southward--the same is Jerusalem--and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lieth before the Valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the uttermost part of the vale of Rephaim northward.
Καὶ ἀναβαίνει τὰ ὅρια εἰς φάραγγα Ἐννὸμ, ἐπὶ νώτου τοῦ Ἰεβοῦις ἀπὸ Λιβός· αὕτη ἐστιν Ἱερουσαλήμ· καὶ διεκβάλλει τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ κορυφὴν ὄρους, ἥ ἐστι κατὰ πρόσωπον φάραγγος Ἐννὸμ πρὸς θαλάσσης, ἥ ἐστιν ἐκ μέρους γῆς Ῥαφαῒν ἐπὶ βοῤῥᾶ·
And the borders go up to the Valley of Hinnom, behind Jebus southward; this is Jerusalem: and the borders terminate at the top of the mountain, which is before the Valley of Hinnom toward the sea, which is by the side of the land of Rephaim northward.
9
וְתָאַר הַגְּבוּל מֵרֹאשׁ הָהָר אֶל־מַעְיַן מֵי נֶפְתּוֹחַ וְיָצָא אֶל־עָרֵי הַר־עֶפְרוֹן וְתָאַר הַגְּבוּל בַּעֲלָה הִיא קִרְיַת יְעָרִים
And the border was drawn from the top of the mountain unto the fountain of the waters of Nephtoah, and went out to the cities of mount Ephron; and the border was drawn to Baalah--the same is Kiriath-jearim.
Καὶ διεκβάλλει τὸ ὅριον ἀπὸ κορυφῆς τοῦ ὄρους ἐπὶ πηγὴν ὕδατος Ναφθὼ, καὶ διεκβάλλει εἰς τὸ ὄρος Ἐφρών· καὶ ἄξει τὸ ὅριον εἰς Βαάλ· αὕτη ἐστὶ πόλις Ἰαρίμ.
And the border [going forth] from the top of the mountain terminates at the fountain of the water of Nephtoah, and terminates at Mount Ephron; and the border will lead to Baalah; this is the city of Jearim.
10
וְנָסַב הַגְּבוּל מִבַּעֲלָה יָמָּה אֶל־הַר שֵׂעִיר וְעָבַר אֶל־כֶּתֶף הַר־יְעָרִים מִצָּפוֹנָה הִיא כְסָלוֹן וְיָרַד בֵּית־שֶׁמֶשׁ וְעָבַר תִּמְנָה
And the border turned about from Baalah westward unto mount Seir, and passed along unto the side of mount Jearim on the north--the same is Chesalon--and went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed along by Timnah.
Καὶ περιελεύσεται ὅριον ἀπὸ Βαὰλ ἐπὶ θάλασσαν, καὶ παρελεύσεται εἰς ὄρος Ἀσσὰρ ἐπὶ νώτου πόλιν Ἰαρὶν ἀπὸ Βοῤῥᾶ· αὕτη ἐστὶ Χασλών· καὶ καταβήσεται ἐπὶ πόλιν ἡλίου, καὶ παρελεύσεται ἐπὶ Λίβα·
And the border will go round from Baalah to the sea, and will go on to the mount of Seir behind the city of Jearim northward; this is Chesalon: and it will come down to the city of the Sun, and will go on to the south.
11
וְיָצָא הַגְּבוּל אֶל־כֶּתֶף עֶקְרוֹן צָפוֹנָה וְתָאַר הַגְּבוּל שִׁכְּרוֹנָה וְעָבַר הַר־הַבַּעֲלָה וְיָצָא יַבְנְאֵל וְהָיוּ תֹּצְאוֹת הַגְּבוּל יָמָּה
And the border went out unto the side of Ekron northward; and the border was drawn to Shikkeron, and passed along to mount Baalah, and went out at Jabneel; and the goings out of the border were at the sea.
Καὶ διεκβάλλει τὸ ὅριον κατὰ νώτου Ἀκκαρὼν ἐπὶ βοῤῥᾶν, καὶ διεκβαλεῖ τὰ ὅρια εἰς Σοκχὼθ, καὶ παρελεύσεται ὅρια ἐπὶ Λίβα, καὶ διεκβαλεῖ ἐπὶ Λεβνὰ, καὶ ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος τῶν ὁρίων ἐπὶ θάλασσαν·
And the border terminates behind Ekron northward, and the borders will terminate at Shikkeron, and the borders will go on to the south, and will terminate at Jabneel, and the issue of the borders will be at the sea; and their borders [shall be] toward the sea, the great sea shall be the boundary.
12
וּגְבוּל יָם הַיָּמָּה הַגָּדוֹל וּגְבוּל זֶה גְּבוּל בְּנֵי־יְהוּדָה סָבִיב לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם
And as for the west border, the Great Sea was the border thereof. This is the border of the children of Judah round about according to their families.
Καὶ τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης, ἡ θάλασσα ἡ μεγάλη ὁριεῖ. Ταῦτα τὰ ὅρια υἱῶν Ἰούδα κύκλῳ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν.
These [are] the borders of the children of Judah round about according to their families.
13
וּלְכָלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה נָתַן חֵלֶק בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי־יְהוּדָה אֶל־פִּי יְהוָה לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶת־קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע אֲבִי הָעֲנָק הִיא חֶבְרוֹן
And unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a portion among the children of Judah, according to the commandment of HaShem to Joshua, even Kiriath-arba, which Arba was the father of Anak--the same is Hebron.
Καὶ τῷ Χάλεβ υἱῷ Ἰεφονῆ ἔδωκε μερίδα ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν Ἰούδα διὰ προστάγματος τοῦ Θεοῦ· καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ Ἰησοῦς τὴν πόλιν Ἀρβὸκ μητρόπολιν Ἐνάκ· αὕτη ἐστὶ Χεβρών.
And to Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a portion in the midst of the children of Judah by the command of God; and Joshua gave him the city of Arba the metropolis of Anak; this is Hebron.
14
וַיֹּרֶשׁ מִשָּׁם כָּלֵב אֶת־שְׁלוֹשָׁה בְּנֵי הָעֲנָק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁי וְאֶת־אֲחִימַן וְאֶת־תַּלְמַי יְלִידֵי הָעֲנָק
And Caleb drove out thence the three sons of Anak, Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai, the children of Anak.
Καὶ ἐξωλόθρευσεν ἐκεῖθεν Χάλεβ υἱὸς Ἰεφονὴ τοὺς τρεῖς υἱοὺς Ἐνὰκ, τὸν Σουσὶ καὶ Θολαμὶ καὶ τὸν Ἀχιμᾶ.
And Caleb the son of Jephunneh destroyed thence the three sons of Anak, Sheshai, and Talmai, and Ahiman.
15
וַיַּעַל מִשָּׁם אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵי דְּבִר וְשֵׁם־דְּבִר לְפָנִים קִרְיַת־סֵפֶר
And he went up thence against the inhabitants of Debir--now the name of Debir beforetime was Kiriath-sepher.
Καὶ ἀνέβη ἐκεῖθεν Χάλεβ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Δαβίρ· τὸ δὲ ὄνομα Δαβὶρ ἦν τὸ πρότερον πόλις Γραμμάτων.
And Caleb went up thence to the inhabitants of Debir; and the name of Debir before was the city of Letters.
16
וַיֹּאמֶר כָּלֵב אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּה אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵפֶר וּלְכָדָהּ וְנָתַתִּי לוֹ אֶת־עַכְסָה בִתִּי לְאִשָּׁה
And Caleb said: 'He that smiteth Kiriath-sepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife.'
Καὶ εἶπε Χάλεβ, ὃς ἂν λάβῃ καὶ ἐκκόψῃ τὴν πόλιν τῶν Γραμμάτων καὶ κυριεύσῃ αὐτῆς, δώσω αὐτῷ τὴν Ἀσχὰν θυγατέρα μου εἰς γυναῖκα.
And Caleb said, Whosoever shall take and destroy the city of Letters, and master it, to him will I give my daughter Achsah to wife.
17
וַיִּלְכְּדָהּ עָתְנִיאֵל בֶּן־קְנַז אֲחִי כָלֵב וַיִּתֶּן־לוֹ אֶת־עַכְסָה בִתּוֹ לְאִשָּׁה
And Othniel the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, took it; and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.
Καὶ ἔλαβεν αὐτὴν Γοθονιὴλ υἱὸς Χενὲζ ἀδελφοῦ Χάλεβ· καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ τὴν Ἀσχὰν θυγατέρα αὐτοῦ γυναῖκα.
And Othniel the son of Kenaz the brother of Caleb took it; and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.
18
וַיְהִי בְּבוֹאָהּ וַתְּסִיתֵהוּ לִשְׁאוֹל מֵאֵת־אָבִיהָ שָׂדֶה וַתִּצְנַח מֵעַל הַחֲמוֹר וַיֹּאמֶר־לָהּ כָּלֵב מַה־לָּךְ
And it came to pass, when she came unto him, that she persuaded him to ask of her father a field; and she alighted from off her ass; and Caleb said unto her: 'What wouldest thou?'
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἐκπορεύέσθαι αὐτὴν καὶ συνέβουλεύσατο αὐτῷ, λέγουσα, αἰτήσομαι τὸν πατέρα μου ἀγρόν· καὶ ἐβόησεν ἐκ τοῦ ὄνου· καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ Χάλεβ, τί ἐστί σοι;
And it came to pass as she went out that she counseled him, saying, I will ask of my father a field; and she cried from off her ass; and Caleb said to her, What is it?
19
וַתֹּאמֶר תְּנָה־לִּי בְרָכָה כִּי אֶרֶץ הַנֶּגֶב נְתַתָּנִי וְנָתַתָּה לִי גֻּלֹּת מָיִם וַיִּתֶּן־לָהּ אֵת גֻּלֹּת עִלִּיּוֹת וְאֵת גֻּלֹּת תַּחְתִּיּוֹת
And she said: 'Give me a blessing; for that thou hast set me in the Southland, give me therefore springs of water.' And he gave her the Upper Springs and the Nether Springs.
Καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, δός μοι εὐλογίαν, ὅτι εἰς γῆν Ναγὲβ δέδωκάς με· δός μοι τὴν Βοτθανίς· καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῇ τὴν Γοναιθλὰν τὴν ἄνω καὶ τὴν Γοναιθλὰν τὴν κάτω.
And she said to him, Give me a blessing, for thou hast set me in the land of Negeb; give me Botthanis: and he gave her Gonaethla the upper, and Gonaethla the lower.
20
זֹאת נַחֲלַת מַטֵּה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם
This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Judah according to their families.
Αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Ἰούδα.
This [is] the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Judah.
21
וַיִּהְיוּ הֶעָרִים מִקְצֵה לְמַטֵּה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָה אֶל־גְּבוּל אֱדוֹם בַּנֶּגְבָּה קַבְצְאֵל וְעֵדֶר וְיָגוּר
And the cities at the uttermost part of the tribe of the children of Judah toward the border of Edom in the South were Kabzeel, and Eder, and Jagur;
Ἐγενήθησαν δὲ πόλεις αὐτῶν πόλεις πρὸς τῇ φυλῇ υἱῶν Ἰούδα ἐφʼ ὁρίων Ἐδὼμ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐρήμου, καὶ Βαισελεὴλ, καὶ Ἀρὰ, καὶ Ἀσὼρ,
And their cities were cities belonging to the tribe of the children of Judah on the borders of Edom by the wilderness, and Kabzeel, and Ara, and Asor,
22
וְקִינָה וְדִימוֹנָה וְעַדְעָדָה
and Kinah, and Dimonah, and Adadah;
καὶ Ἰκὰμ, καὶ Ῥεγμὰ, καὶ Ἀρουὴλ,
and Icam, and Regma, and Aruel,
23
וְקֶדֶשׁ וְחָצוֹר וְיִתְנָן
and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Ithnan;
καὶ Κάδης, καὶ Ἀσοριωναὶν, καὶ Μαινὰμ,
and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Maenam,
24
זִיף וָטֶלֶם וּבְעָלוֹת
Ziph, and Telem, and Bealoth;
καὶ Βαλμαινὰν, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν,
and Balmaenan, and their villages,
25
וְחָצוֹר חֲדַתָּה וּקְרִיּוֹת חֶצְרוֹן הִיא חָצוֹר
and Hazor, and Hadattah, and Kerioth, and Hezron--the same is Hazor;
καὶ αἱ πόλεις Ἀσερὼν, αὕτη Ἀσὼρ,
and the cities of Hezron, this [is] Hazor,
26
אֲמָם וּשְׁמַע וּמוֹלָדָה
Amam, and Shema, and Moladah;
καὶ Σὴν, καὶ Σαλμαὰ, καὶ Μωλαδὰ,
and Sen, and Shema, and Moladah,
27
וַחֲצַר גַּדָּה וְחֶשְׁמוֹן וּבֵית פָּלֶט
and Hazar-gaddah, and Heshmon, and Beth-pelet;
καὶ Σερὶ, καὶ Βαιφαλὰθ,
and Seri, and Beth-pelet,
28
וַחֲצַר שׁוּעָל וּבְאֵר שֶׁבַע וּבִזְיוֹתְיָה
and Hazar-shual, and Beer-sheba, and Biziothiah;
καὶ Χολασεωλὰ, καὶ Βηρσαβεέ· καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν, καὶ αἱ ἐπαύλεις αὐτῶν,
and Cholaseola, and Beersheba; and their villages, and their hamlets,
29
בַּעֲלָה וְעִיִּים וָעָצֶם
Baalah, and Iim, and Ezem;
Βαλὰ, καὶ Βακὼκ, καὶ Ἀσὸμ,
Baalah and Bacoc, and Ezem,
30
וְאֶלְתּוֹלַד וּכְסִיל וְחָרְמָה
and Eltolad, and Chesil, and Hormah;
καὶ Ἐλβωϋδὰδ, καὶ Βαιθὴλ, καὶ Ἑρμὰ,
and Eltolad, and Bethel, and Hormah,
31
וְצִקְלַג וּמַדְמַנָּה וְסַנְסַנָּה
and Ziklag, and Madmannah, and Sansannah;
καὶ Σεκελὰκ, καὶ Μαχαρὶμ, καὶ Σεθεννὰκ,
and Ziklag, and Macharim, and Sansannah,
32
וּלְבָאוֹת וְשִׁלְחִים וְעַיִן וְרִמּוֹן כָּל־עָרִים עֶשְׂרִים וָתֵשַׁע וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
and Lebaoth, and Shilhim, and Ain, and Rimmon; all the cities are twenty and nine, with their villages.
καὶ Λαβὼς, καὶ Σαλὴ, καὶ Ἐρωμώθ· πόλεις εἰκοσιεννέα, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν.
and Lebaoth, and Shilhim, and Eromoth; twenty-nine cities, and their villages.
33
בַּשְּׁפֵלָה אֶשְׁתָּאוֹל וְצָרְעָה וְאַשְׁנָה
In the Lowland: Eshtaol, and Zorah, and Ashnah;
Ἐν τῇ πεδινῇ Ἀσταὼλ, καὶ Ῥάα, καὶ Ἄσσα.
In the plain country Eshtaol, and Zorah, and Ashnah,
34
וְזָנוֹחַ וְעֵין גַּנִּים תַּפּוּחַ וְהָעֵינָם
and Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam;
Καὶ Ῥάμεν, καὶ Τανὼ, καὶ Ἰλουθὼθ, καὶ Μαιανὶ,
and Ramen, and Tano, and Iluthoth, and Maeani,
35
יַרְמוּת וַעֲדֻלָּם שׂוֹכֹה וַעֲזֵקָה
Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah;
καὶ Ἰερμοὺθ, καὶ Ὀδολλὰμ, καὶ Μεμβρὰ, καὶ Σαωχὼ, καὶ Ἰαζηκὰ,
and Jarmuth, and Adullam, and Membra, and Socoh, and Azekah.
36
וְשַׁעֲרַיִם וַעֲדִיתַיִם וְהַגְּדֵרָה וּגְדֵרֹתָיִם עָרִים אַרְבַּע־עֶשְׂרֵה וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
and Shaaraim, and Adithaim, and Gederah, with Gederothaim; fourteen cities with their villages.
καὶ Σακαρὶμ, καὶ Γάδηρα, καὶ αἱ ἐπαύλεις αὐτῆς· πόλεις δεκατέσσαρες, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν.
And Shaaraim and Gederah, and its villages; fourteen cities, and their villages;
37
צְנָן וַחֲדָשָׁה וּמִגְדַּל־גָּד
Zenan, and Hadashah, and Migdal-gad;
Σεννὰ, καὶ Ἀδασὰν, καὶ Μαγαδαλγὰδ,
Zenan, and Hadashah, and Migdal-gad,
38
וְדִלְעָן וְהַמִּצְפֶּה וְיָקְתְאֵל
and Dilan, and Mizpeh, and Joktheel;
καὶ Δαλὰδ, καὶ Μασφὰ, καὶ Ἰαχαρεὴλ,
and Dilean, and Mizpeh, and Joktheel,
39
לָכִישׁ וּבָצְקַת וְעֶגְלוֹן
Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon;
καὶ Βασηδὼθ, καὶ Ἰδεαδαλέα, καὶ
and Basedoth, and Ideadalea;
40
וְכַבּוֹן וְלַחְמָס וְכִתְלִישׁ
and Cabbon, and Lahmas, and Chithlish;
Χαβρά, καὶ Μαχὲς, καὶ Μααχὼς,
and Chabra, and Maches, and Maachos,
41
וּגְדֵרוֹת בֵּית־דָּגוֹן וְנַעֲמָה וּמַקֵּדָה עָרִים שֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵה וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
and Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages.
καὶ Γεδδὼρ, καὶ Βαγαδιὴλ, καὶ Νωμὰν, καὶ Μαχηδάν· πόλεις ἑκκαίδεκα, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν·
and Gederoth, and Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah: sixteen cities, and their villages;
42
לִבְנָה וָעֶתֶר וְעָשָׁן
Libnah, and Ether, and Ashan;
Λεβνὰ, καὶ Ἰθὰκ, καὶ Ἀνὼχ,
Libnah, and Ether, and Ashan,
43
וְיִפְתָּח וְאַשְׁנָה וּנְצִיב
and Iphtah, and Ashnah, and Nezib;
καὶ Ἰανὰ, καὶ Νασὶβ,
and Ashnah, and Nezib,
44
וּקְעִילָה וְאַכְזִיב וּמָרֵאשָׁה עָרִים תֵּשַׁע וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages.
καὶ Κεϊλὰμ, καὶ Ἀκιεζὶ, καὶ Κεζὶβ, καὶ Βαθησὰρ, καὶ Αἰλώμ· πόλεις δέκα, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν·
and Keilah, and Akiezi, and Kezib, and Bathesar, and Aelom: ten cities, and their villages;
45
עֶקְרוֹן וּבְנֹתֶיהָ וַחֲצֵרֶיהָ
Ekron, with its towns and its villages;
Ἀκκαρὼν, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῆς, καὶ αἱ ἐπαύλεις αὐτῶν,
Ekron and her villages, and their hamlets:
46
מֵעֶקְרוֹן וָיָמָּה כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־עַל־יַד אַשְׁדּוֹד וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
from Ekron even unto the sea, all that were by the side of Ashdod, with their villages.
ἀπὸ Ἀκκαρὼν Γεμνά· καὶ πᾶσαι ὅσαι εἰσὶ πλησίον Ἀσηδώθ· καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν,
from Ekron, Gemna, and all the cities that are near Asedoth; and their villages.
47
אַשְׁדּוֹד בְּנוֹתֶיהָ וַחֲצֵרֶיהָ עַזָּה בְּנוֹתֶיהָ וַחֲצֵרֶיהָ עַד־נַחַל מִצְרָיִם וְהַיָּם הגבול הַגָּדוֹל וּגְבוּל
Ashdod, its towns and its villages; Gaza, its towns and its villages; unto the Brook of Egypt, the Great Sea being the border thereof.
Ἀσιεδὼθ, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῆς, καὶ αἱ ἐπαύλεις αὐτῆς· Γάζα, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐπαύλεις αὐτῆς ἕως τοῦ χειμάῤῥου Αἰγύπτου, καὶ ἡ θάλασσα ἡ μεγάλη διορίζει.
Ashdod, and her villages, and her hamlets; Gaza, and its villages and its hamlets as far as the river of Egypt, and the great sea is the boundary.
48
וּבָהָר שָׁמִיר וְיַתִּיר וְשׂוֹכֹה
And in the hill-country: Shamir, and Jattir, and Socoh;
Καὶ ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ Σαμὶρ, καὶ Ἰεθὲρ, καὶ Σωχὰ,
And in the hill country Shamir, and Jattir, and Socoh,
49
וְדַנָּה וְקִרְיַת־סַנָּה הִיא דְבִר
and Dannah, and Kiriath-sannah--the same is Debir;
καὶ Ῥεννὰ, καὶ πόλις Γραμμάτων, αὕτη Δαβὶρ,
and Dannah and the city of Letters, this [is] Debir;
50
וַעֲנָב וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹה וְעָנִים
and Anab, and Eshtemoh, and Anim;
καὶ Ἀνὼν, καὶ Ἒς, καὶ Μὰν, καὶ Αἰσὰμ,
and Anab, and Esh, and Man, and Aesam,
51
וְגֹשֶׁן וְחֹלֹן וְגִלֹה עָרִים אַחַת־עֶשְׂרֵה וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
and Goshen, and Holon, and Giloh; eleven cities with their villages.
καὶ Γοσὸμ, καὶ Χαλοὺ, καὶ Χαννὰ, καὶ Γηλώμ· πόλεις ἕνδεκα, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν·
and Goshen, and Holon, and Channa, and Giloh: eleven cities, and their villages;
52
אֲרַב וְרוּמָה וְאֶשְׁעָן
Arab, and Rumah, and Eshan;
Αἰρὲμ, καὶ Ῥεμνὰ, καὶ Σομὰ,
Aerem, and Remna, and Soma,
53
וינים וְיָנוּם וּבֵית־תַּפּוּחַ וַאֲפֵקָה
and Janum, and Beth-tappuah, and Aphekah;
καὶ Ἰεμαῒν, καὶ Βαιθαχοὺ, καὶ Φακουὰ,
and Janim, and Beth-achu, and Aphekah,
54
וְחֻמְטָה וְקִרְיַת אַרְבַּע הִיא חֶבְרוֹן וְצִיעֹר עָרִים תֵּשַׁע וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
and Humtah, and Kiriath-arba--the same is Hebron, and Zior; nine cities with their villages.
καὶ Εὐμὰ, καὶ πόλις Ἀρβὸκ, αὕτη ἐστὶ Χεβρὼν, καὶ Σωραίθ· πόλεις ἐννέα, καὶ αἱ ἐπαύλεις αὐτῶν·
and Humtah, and the city Arba, this is Hebron, and Zior: nine cities, and their villages:
55
מָעוֹן כַּרְמֶל וָזִיף וְיוּטָּה
Maon, Carmel, and Ziph, and Juttah;
Μαὼρ, καὶ Χερμὲλ, καὶ Ὀζὶβ, καὶ Ἰτὰν,
Maon, and Carmel, and Ziph, and Juttah,
56
וְיִזְרְעֶאל וְיָקְדְעָם וְזָנוֹחַ
and Jezreel, and Jokdeam, and Zanoah;
καὶ Ἰαριὴλ, καὶ Ἀρικὰμ, καὶ Ζακαναῒμ,
and Jezreel, and Aricam, and Zacanaim,
57
הַקַּיִן גִּבְעָה וְתִמְנָה עָרִים עֶשֶׂר וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
Kain, Gibeah, and Timnah; ten cities with their villages.
καὶ Γαβαὰ, καὶ Θαμναθά· πόλεις ἐννέα, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν·
and Gibeah, and Timnah; nine cities, and their villages;
58
חַלְחוּל בֵּית־צוּר וּגְדוֹר
Halhul, Beth-zur, and Gedor;
Αἰλουὰ, καὶ Βηθσοὺρ, καὶ Γεδδὼν,
Halhul, and Beth-zur, and Gedor,
59
וּמַעֲרָת וּבֵית־עֲנוֹת וְאֶלְתְּקֹן עָרִים שֵׁשׁ וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
and Maarath, and Beth-anoth, and Eltekon; six cities with their villages.
καὶ Μαγαρὼθ, καὶ Βαιθανὰμ, καὶ Θεκούμ· πόλεις ἓξ, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν· 59aΘεκὼ, καὶ Ἐφραθὰ, αὕτη ἐστὶ Βαιθλεὲμ, καὶ Φαγὼρ, καὶ Αἰτὰν, καὶ Κουλὸν, καὶ Τατὰμ, καὶ Θωβὴς, καὶ Καρὲμ, καὶ Γαλὲμ καὶ Θεθὴρ, καὶ Μανοχώ· πόλεις ἕνδεκα, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν·
and Maarath, and Beth-anoth, and Eltekon; six cities, and their villages;
60
קִרְיַת־בַּעַל הִיא קִרְיַת יְעָרִים וְהָרַבָּה עָרִים שְׁתַּיִם וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
Kiriath-baal--the same is Kiriath-jearim, and Rabbah; two cities with their villages.
Καριαθβαὰλ, αὕτη ἡ πόλις Ἰαρὶμ, καὶ Σωθηβᾶ· πόλεις δύο, καὶ αἱ ἐπαύλεις αὐτῶν·
Kiriath-baal, this [is] the city of Jearim, and Sotheba: two cities, and their villages:
61
בַּמִּדְבָּר בֵּית הָעֲרָבָה מִדִּין וּסְכָכָה
In the wilderness: Beth-arabah, Middin, and Secacah;
καὶ Βαδδαργεὶς, καὶ Θαραβαὰμ, καὶ Αἰνὼν,
and Baddargeis, and Beth-arabah, and Aenon;
62
וְהַנִּבְשָׁן וְעִיר־הַמֶּלַח וְעֵין גֶּדִי עָרִים שֵׁשׁ וְחַצְרֵיהֶן
and Nibshan, and the City of Salt, and En-gedi; six cities with their villages.
καὶ Αἰοχιοζὰ, καὶ Ναφλαζὼν, καὶ αἱ πόλεις Σαδῶν, καὶ Ἀρκάδης· πόλεις ἑπτὰ, καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν.
and Aeochioza, and Nibshan, and the cities of Sadon, and Engedi; seven cities, and their villages.
63
וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי יוֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלִַם לֹא־יוכלו יָכְלוּ בְנֵי־יְהוּדָה לְהוֹרִישָׁם וַיֵּשֶׁב הַיְבוּסִי אֶת־בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה בִּירוּשָׁלִַם עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה
And as for the Jebusites, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of Judah could not drive them out; but the Jebusites dwelt with the children of Judah at Jerusalem, unto this day.
Καὶ ὁ Ἰεβουσαῖος κατῴκει ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰούδα ἀπολέσαι αὐτούς· καὶ κατῴκησαν οἱ Ἰεβουσαῖοι ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης.
And the Jebusite dwelt in Jerusalem, and the children of Judah could not destroy them; and the Jebusites dwelt in Jerusalem to this day.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

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