Textorah

Jeremiah 32

1
הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־הָיָה אֶל־יִרְמְיָהוּ מֵאֵת יְהוָה בשנת בַּשָּׁנָה הָעֲשִׂרִית לְצִדְקִיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה הִיא הַשָּׁנָה שְׁמֹנֶה־עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה לִנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר
The word that came to Jeremiah from HaShem in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, which was the eighteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar.
Ὁ ΛΟΓΟΣ ὁ γενόμενος παρὰ Κυρίου πρὸς Ἱερεμίαν ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ δεκάτῳ βασιλεῖ Σεδεκίᾳ, οὗτος ἐνιαυτὸς ὀκτωκαιδέκατος τῷ βασιλεῖ Ναβουχοδονόσορ βασιλεῖ Βαβυλῶνος.
The word that came from the Lord to Jeremiah in the tenth year of King Zedekiah, this is the eighteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon.
2
וְאָז חֵיל מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל צָרִים עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וְיִרְמְיָהוּ הַנָּבִיא הָיָה כָלוּא בַּחֲצַר הַמַּטָּרָה אֲשֶׁר בֵּית־מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה
Now at that time the king of Babylon's army was besieging Jerusalem; and Jeremiah the prophet was shut up in the court of the guard, which was in the king of Judah's house.
Καὶ δύναμις βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος ἐχαράκωσεν ἐπὶ Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ Ἱερεμίας ἐφυλάσσετο ἐν αὐλῇ τῆς φυλακῆς, ἥ ἐστιν ἐν οἴκῳ βασιλέως,
And the host of the king of Babylon had made a rampart against Jerusalem: and Jeremiah was kept in the court of the prison, which is in the king’s house;
3
אֲשֶׁר כְּלָאוֹ צִדְקִיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה לֵאמֹר מַדּוּעַ אַתָּה נִבָּא לֵאמֹר כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה הִנְנִי נֹתֵן אֶת־הָעִיר הַזֹּאת בְּיַד מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל וּלְכָדָהּ
For Zedekiah king of Judah had shut him up, saying: 'Wherefore dost thou prophesy, and say: Thus saith HaShem: Behold, I will give this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall take it;
ἐν ᾗ κατέκλεισεν αὐτὸν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σεδεκίας, λέγων, διατί σὺ προφητεύεις, λέγων, οὕτως εἶπε Κύριος, ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ δίδωμι τὴν πόλιν ταύτην ἐν χερσὶ βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος, καὶ λήψεται αὐτὴν,
in which King Zedekiah [had] shut him up, saying, Wherefore dost thou prophesy, saying, Thus saith the Lord, Behold, I [will] give this city into the hands of the king of Babylon, and he shall take it;
4
וְצִדְקִיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה לֹא יִמָּלֵט מִיַּד הַכַּשְׂדִּים כִּי הִנָּתֹן יִנָּתֵן בְּיַד מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל וְדִבֶּר־פִּיו עִם־פִּיו וְעֵינָיו אֶת־עינו עֵינָיו תִּרְאֶינָה
and Zedekiah king of Judah shall not escape out of the hand of the Chaldeans, but shall surely be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon, and shall speak with him mouth to mouth, and his eyes shall behold his eyes;
καὶ Σεδεκίας οὐ μὴ σωθῇ ἐκ χειρὸς τῶν Χαλδαίων, ὅτι παραδόσει παραδοθήσεται εἰς χεῖρας βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος, καὶ λαλήσει στόμα αὐτοῦ πρὸς στόμα αὐτοῦ, καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ ὄψονται·
and Zedekiah shall by no means be delivered out of the hand of the Chaldeans, for he shall certainly be given up into the hands of the king of Babylon, and his mouth shall speak to his mouth, and his eyes shall look upon his eyes;
5
וּבָבֶל יוֹלִךְ אֶת־צִדְקִיָּהוּ וְשָׁם יִהְיֶה עַד־פָּקְדִי אֹתוֹ נְאֻם־יְהוָה כִּי תִלָּחֲמוּ אֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּים לֹא תַצְלִיחוּ
and he shall lead Zedekiah to Babylon, and there shall he be until I remember him, saith HaShem; though ye fight with the Chaldeans, ye shall not prosper?'
Καὶ εἰσελεύσεται Σεδεκίας εἰς Βαβυλῶνα, καὶ ἐκεῖ καθίεται;
and Zedekiah shall go into Babylon, and dwell there?
6
וַיֹּאמֶר יִרְמְיָהוּ הָיָה דְּבַר־יְהוָה אֵלַי לֵאמֹר
And Jeremiah said: 'The word of HaShem came unto me, saying:
ΚΑΙ Ὁ ΛΟΓΟΣ ΚΥΡΙΟΥ ἘΓΕΝΗΘΗ ΠΡΟΣ ἹΕΡΕΜΙΑΝ, ΛΕΓΩΝ,
And the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah, saying,
7
הִנֵּה חֲנַמְאֵל בֶּן־שַׁלֻּם דֹּדְךָ בָּא אֵלֶיךָ לֵאמֹר קְנֵה לְךָ אֶת־שָׂדִי אֲשֶׁר בַּעֲנָתוֹת כִּי לְךָ מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה לִקְנוֹת
Behold, Hanamel, the son of Shallum thine uncle, shall come unto thee, saying: Buy thee my field that is in Anathoth; for the right of redemption is thine to buy it.'
Ἰδοὺ Ἀναμεὴλ υἱὸς Σαλῶμ ἀδελφοῦ πατρός σου ἔρχεται πρὸς σὲ, λέγων, κτῆσαι σεαυτῷ τὸν ἀγρόν μου τὸν ἐν Ἀναθὼθ, ὅτι σοὶ κρίσις παραλαβεῖν εἰς κτῆσιν.
Behold, Hanamel the son of Shallum thy father’s brother is coming to thee, saying, Buy thee my field that is in Anathoth: for thou [hast] the right to take [it] as a purchase.
8
וַיָּבֹא אֵלַי חֲנַמְאֵל בֶּן־דֹּדִי כִּדְבַר יְהוָה אֶל־חֲצַר הַמַּטָּרָה וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי קְנֵה נָא אֶת־שָׂדִי אֲשֶׁר־בַּעֲנָתוֹת אֲשֶׁר בְּאֶרֶץ בִּנְיָמִין כִּי־לְךָ מִשְׁפַּט הַיְרֻשָּׁה וּלְךָ הַגְּאֻלָּה קְנֵה־לָךְ וָאֵדַע כִּי דְבַר־יְהוָה הוּא
So Hanamel mine uncle's son came to me in the court of the guard according to the word of HaShem, and said unto me: 'Buy my field, I pray thee, that is in Anathoth, which is in the land of Benjamin; for the right of inheritance is thine, and the redemption is thine; buy it for thyself.' Then I knew that this was the word of HaShem.
Καὶ ἦλθε πρὸς μὲ Ἀναμεὴλ υἱὸς Σαλὼμ, ἀδελφοῦ πατρός μου, εἰς τὴν αὐλὴν τῆς φυλακῆς, καὶ εἶπε, κτῆσαι σεαυτῷ τὸν ἀγρόν μου τὸν ἐν γῇ Βενιαμὶν τὸν ἐν Ἀναθὼθ, ὅτι σοὶ κρίμα κτήσασθαι αὐτὸν, καὶ σὺ πρεσβύτερος. καὶ ἔγνων, ὅτι λόγος Κυρίου ἐστὶ,
So Hanamel the son of Shallum my father’s brother came to me into the court of the prison, and said, Buy thee my field that is in the land of Benjamin, in Anathoth: for thou [hast] a right to buy it, and thou art the elder. So I knew that it was the word of the Lord.
9
וָאֶקְנֶה אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶה מֵאֵת חֲנַמְאֵל בֶּן־דֹּדִי אֲשֶׁר בַּעֲנָתוֹת וָאֶשְׁקֲלָה־לּוֹ אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּסֶף
And I bought the field that was in Anathoth of Hanamel mine uncle's son, and weighed him the money, even seventeen shekels of silver.
καὶ ἐκτησάμην τὸν ἀγρὸν Ἀναμεὴλ υἱοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πατρός μου, καὶ ἔστησα αὐτῷ ἑπτὰ σίκλους καὶ δέκα ἀργυρίου,
And I bought the field of Hanamel the son of my father’s brother, and I weighed him seventeen shekels of silver.
10
וָאֶכְתֹּב בַּסֵּפֶר וָאֶחְתֹּם וָאָעֵד עֵדִים וָאֶשְׁקֹל הַכֶּסֶף בְּמֹאזְנָיִם
And I subscribed the deed, and sealed it, and called witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances.
καὶ ἔγραψα εἰς βιβλίον, καὶ ἐσφραγισάμην, καὶ διεμαρτυράμην μάρτυρας, καὶ ἔστησα τὸ ἀργύριον ἐν ζυγῷ.
And I wrote [it] in a book, and sealed [it], and took the testimony of witnesses, and weighed the money in the balance.
11
וָאֶקַּח אֶת־סֵפֶר הַמִּקְנָה אֶת־הֶחָתוּם הַמִּצְוָה וְהַחֻקִּים וְאֶת־הַגָּלוּי
So I took the deed of the purchase, both that which was sealed, containing the terms and conditions, and that which was open;
Καὶ ἔλαβον τὸ βιβλίον τῆς κτήσεως τὸ ἐσφραγισμένον,
And I took the book of the purchase that was sealed;
12
וָאֶתֵּן אֶת־הַסֵּפֶר הַמִּקְנָה אֶל־בָּרוּךְ בֶּן־נֵרִיָּה בֶּן־מַחְסֵיָה לְעֵינֵי חֲנַמְאֵל דֹּדִי וּלְעֵינֵי הָעֵדִים הַכֹּתְבִים בְּסֵפֶר הַמִּקְנָה לְעֵינֵי כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִים הַיֹּשְׁבִים בַּחֲצַר הַמַּטָּרָה
and I delivered the deed of the purchase unto Baruch the son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, in the presence of Hanamel mine uncle 's son, and in the presence of the witnesses that subscribed the deed of the purchase, before all the Jews that sat in the court of the guard.
καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτὸ τῷ Βαροὺχ υἱῷ Νηρίου υἱῷ Μαασαίου, κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς Ἀναμεὴλ υἱοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πατρός μου, καὶ κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν παρεστηκότων καὶ γραφόντων ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῆς κτήσεως, καὶ κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων τῶν ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ τῆς φυλακῆς.
and I gave it to Baruch son of Neriah, son of Mahseiah, in the sight of Hanamel my father’s brother’s son, and in the sight of the men that stood by and wrote in the book of the purchase, and in the sight of the Jews that were in the court of the prison.
13
ו͏ָאֲצַוֶּה אֶת בָּרוּךְ לְעֵינֵיהֶם לֵאמֹר
And I charged Baruch before them, saying:
Καὶ συνέταξα τῷ Βαροὺχ κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν, λέγων,
And I charged Baruch in their presence, saying, Thus saith the Lord Almighty;
14
כֹּה־אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לָקוֹחַ אֶת־הַסְּפָרִים הָאֵלֶּה אֵת סֵפֶר הַמִּקְנָה הַזֶּה וְאֵת הֶחָתוּם וְאֵת סֵפֶר הַגָּלוּי הַזֶּה וּנְתַתָּם בִּכְלִי־חָרֶשׂ לְמַעַן יַעַמְדוּ יָמִים רַבִּים
'Thus saith HaShem of hosts, the G-d of Israel: Take these deeds, this deed of the purchase, both that which is sealed, and this deed which is open, and put them in an earthen vessel; that they may continue many days.
Οὕτως εἶπε Κύριος παντοκράτωρ, λάβε τὸ βιβλίον τῆς κτήσεως τοῦτο, καὶ τὸ βιβλίον τὸ ἀνεγνωσμένον, καὶ θήσεις αὐτὸ εἰς ἀγγεῖον ὀστράκινον, ἵνα διαμείνῃ ἡμέρας πλείους.
Take this book of the purchase, and the book that has been read; and thou shalt put it into an earthen vessel, that it may remain many days.
15
כִּי כֹה אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹד יִקָּנוּ בָתִּים וְשָׂדוֹת וּכְרָמִים בָּאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת
For thus saith HaShem of hosts, the G-d of Israel: Houses and fields and vineyards shall yet again be bought in this land.'
Ὅτι οὕτως εἶπε Κύριος, ἔτι κτιηθήσονται ἀγροὶ, καὶ οἰκίαι, καὶ ἀμπελῶνες ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ.
For thus saith the Lord; There shall yet be bought fields and houses and vineyards in this land.
16
וָאֶתְפַּלֵּל אֶל־יְהוָה אַחֲרֵי תִתִּי אֶת־סֵפֶר הַמִּקְנָה אֶל־בָּרוּךְ בֶּן־נֵרִיָּה לֵאמֹר
Now after I had delivered the deed of the purchase unto Baruch the son of Neriah, I prayed unto HaShem, saying:
Καὶ προσευξάμην πρὸς Κύριον μετὰ τὸ δοῦναί με τὸ βιβλίον τῆς κτήσεως πρὸς Βαροὺχ υἱὸν Νηρίου, λέγων,
And I prayed to the Lord after I had given the book of the purchase to Baruch the son of Neriah, saying,
17
אֲהָהּ אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה הִנֵּה אַתָּה עָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ בְּכֹחֲךָ הַגָּדוֹל וּבִזְרֹעֲךָ הַנְּטוּיָה לֹא־יִפָּלֵא מִמְּךָ כָּל־דָּבָר
'Ah L-rd GOD! behold, Thou hast made the heaven and the earth by Thy great power and by Thy outstretched arm; there is nothing too hard for Thee;
Ὁ ὢν Κύριε, σὺ ἐποίησας τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν τῇ ἰσχύϊ σου τῇ μεγάλῃ, καὶ τῷ βραχίονί σου τῷ ὑψηλῷ καὶ τῷ μετεώρῳ, οὐ μὴ ἀποκρυβῇ ἀπὸ σοῦ οὐθὲν,
O [ever] living Lord! thou hast made the heaven and the earth by thy great power, and with thy high and lofty arm: nothing can be hidden from thee.
18
עֹשֶׂה חֶסֶד לַאֲלָפִים וּמְשַׁלֵּם עֲוֺן אָבוֹת אֶל־חֵיק בְּנֵיהֶם אַחֲרֵיהֶם הָאֵל הַגָּדוֹל הַגִּבּוֹר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ
who showest mercy unto thousands, and recompensest the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them; the great, the mighty G-d, HaShem of hosts is His name;
ποιῶν ἔλεος εἰς χιλιάδας, καὶ ἀποδιδοὺς ἁμαρτίας πατέρων εἰς κόλπους τέκνων αὐτῶν μετʼ αὐτούς· ὁ Θεὸς ὁ μέγας, ὁ ἰσχυρὸς,
Granting mercy to thousands, and recompensing the sins of the fathers into the bosoms of their children after them: the great, the strong God;
19
גְּדֹל הָעֵצָה וְרַב הָעֲלִילִיָּה אֲשֶׁר־עֵינֶיךָ פְקֻחוֹת עַל־כָּל־דַּרְכֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם לָתֵת לְאִישׁ כִּדְרָכָיו וְכִפְרִי מַעֲלָלָיו
great in counsel, and mighty in work; whose eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of men, to give every one according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings;
Κύριος μεγάλης βουλῆς, καὶ δυνατὸς τοῖς ἔργοις, ὁ Θεὸς ὁ μέγας ὁ παντοκράτωρ, καὶ μεγαλώνυμος Κύριος· οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς τῶν υἱῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, δοῦναι ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτοῦ·
the Lord of great counsel, and mighty in deeds, the great Almighty God, and Lord of great name: thine eyes are upon the ways of the children of men, to give to every one according to his way:
20
אֲשֶׁר־שַׂמְתָּ אֹתוֹת וּמֹפְתִים בְּאֶרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם עַד־הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבָאָדָם וַתַּעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ שֵׁם כַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה
who didst set signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, even unto this day, and in Israel and among other men; and madest Thee a name, as at this day;
Ὃς ἐποίησας σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης, καὶ ἐν Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ἐν τοῖς γηγενέσι· καὶ ἐποίησας σεαυτῷ ὄνομα, ὡς ἡμέρα αὕτη,
who hast wrought signs and wonders in the land of Egypt even to this day, and in Israel, and among the inhabitants of the earth; and thou didst make for thyself a name, as at this day;
21
וַתֹּצֵא אֶת־עַמְּךָ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם בְּאֹתוֹת וּבְמוֹפְתִים וּבְיָד חֲזָקָה וּבְאֶזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה וּבְמוֹרָא גָּדוֹל
and didst bring forth Thy people Israel out of the land of Egypt with signs, and with wonders, and with a strong hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terror;
καὶ ἐξήγαγες τὸν λαόν σου Ἰσραὴλ ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ἐν σημείοις καὶ ἐν τέρασιν, ἐν χειρὶ κραταιᾷ,
and thou didst bring out thy people Israel out of the land of Egypt with signs, and with wonders, with a mighty hand, and with a high arm, and with great sights;
22
וַתִּתֵּן לָהֶם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ לַאֲבוֹתָם לָתֵת לָהֶם אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ
and gavest them this land, which Thou didst swear to their fathers to give them, a land flowing with milk and honey;
καὶ ἐν βραχίονι ὑψηλῷ, καὶ ἐν ὁράμασι μεγάλοις, καὶ ἔδωκας αὐτοῖς τὴν γῆν ταύτην, ἣν ὤμοσας τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν, γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι.
and thou gavest them this land, which thou didst swear [to give] to their fathers, a land flowing with milk and honey;
23
וַיָּבֹאוּ וַיִּרְשׁוּ אֹתָהּ וְלֹא־שָׁמְעוּ בְקוֹלֶךָ ובתרותך וּבְתוֹרָתְךָ לֹא־הָלָכוּ אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתָה לָהֶם לַעֲשׂוֹת לֹא עָשׂוּ וַתַּקְרֵא אֹתָם אֵת כָּל־הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת
and they came in, and possessed it; but they hearkened not to Thy voice, neither walked in Thy law; they have done nothing of all that Thou commandedst them to do; therefore Thou hast caused all this evil to befall them;
Καὶ εἰσήλθοσαν καὶ ἔλαβον αὐτὴν, καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσαν τῆς φωνῆς σου, καὶ ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασί σου οὐκ ἐπορεύθησαν· ἅπαντα ἃ ἐνετείλω αὐτοῖς οὐκ ἐποίησαν, καὶ ἐποὶησαν συμβῆναι αὐτοῖς πάντα τὰ κακὰ ταῦτα.
and they went in, and took it; but they hearkened not to thy voice, and walked not in thine ordinances; they did none of the things which thou didst command them, and they caused all these calamities to happen to them.
24
הִנֵּה הַסֹּלְלוֹת בָּאוּ הָעִיר לְלָכְדָהּ וְהָעִיר נִתְּנָה בְּיַד הַכַּשְׂדִּים הַנִּלְחָמִים עָלֶיהָ מִפְּנֵי הַחֶרֶב וְהָרָעָב וְהַדָּבֶר וַאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ הָיָה וְהִנְּךָ רֹאֶה
behold the mounds, they are come unto the city to take it; and the city is given into the hand of the Chaldeans that fight against it, because of the sword, and of the famine, and of the pestilence; and what Thou hast spoken is come to pass; and, behold, Thou seest it.
Ἰδοὺ ὄχλος ἥκει εἰς τὴν πόλιν συλλαβεῖν αὐτὴν, καὶ ἡ πόλις ἐδόθη εἰς χεῖρας Χαλδαίων τῶν πολεμούντων αὐτὴν ἀπὸ προσώπου μαχαίρας, καὶ τοῦ λιμοῦ ὡς ἐλάλησας, οὕτως ἐγένετο.
Behold, a multitude is come against the city to take it; and the city is given into the hands of the Chaldeans that fight against it, by the power of the sword, and the famine: as thou hast spoken, so has it happened.
25
וְאַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ אֵלַי אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה קְנֵה־לְךָ הַשָּׂדֶה בַּכֶּסֶף וְהָעֵד עֵדִים וְהָעִיר נִתְּנָה בְּיַד הַכַּשְׂדִּים
Yet Thou hast said unto me, O L-rd GOD: Buy thee the field for money, and call witnesses; whereas the city is given into the hand of the Chaldeans.'
Καὶ σὺ λέγεις πρὸς μέ κτῆσαι σεαυτῷ τὸν ἀγρὸν ἀργυρίου· καὶ ἔγραψα βιβλίον, καὶ ἐσφραγισάμην, καὶ ἐπεμαρτυράμην μάρτυρας, καὶ ἡ πόλις ἐδόθη εἰς χεῖρας Χαλδαίων.
And thou sayest to me, Buy thee the field for money; and I wrote a book, and sealed [it], and took the testimony of witnesses: and the city is given into the hands of the Chaldeans.
26
וַיְהִי דְּבַר־יְהוָה אֶל־יִרְמְיָהוּ לֵאמֹר
Then came the word of HaShem unto Jeremiah, saying:
Καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρὸς μὲ, λέγων,
And the word of the Lord came to me, saying,
27
הִנֵּה אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי כָּל־בָּשָׂר הֲ‍מִמֶּנִּי יִפָּלֵא כָּל־דָּבָר
'Behold, I am HaShem, the G-d of all flesh; is there any thing too hard for Me?
Ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς πάσης σαρκός, μὴ ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ κρυβήσεταί τι;
I am the Lord, the God of all flesh: shall anything be hidden from me!
28
לָכֵן כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה הִנְנִי נֹתֵן אֶת־הָעִיר הַזֹּאת בְּיַד הַכַּשְׂדִּים וּבְיַד נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל וּלְכָדָהּ
Therefore thus saith HaShem: Behold, I will give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans, and into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and he shall take it;
Διατοῦτο οὕτως εἶπε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσραὴλ, δοθεῖσα παραδοθήσεται ἡ πόλις αὕτη εἰς χεῖρας βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος, καὶ λήψεται αὐτὴν,
Therefore thus saith the Lord God of Israel; This city shall certainly be delivered into the hands of the king of Babylon, and he shall take it:
29
וּבָאוּ הַכַּשְׂדִּים הַנִּלְחָמִים עַל־הָעִיר הַזֹּאת וְהִצִּיתוּ אֶת־הָעִיר הַזֹּאת בָּאֵשׁ וּשְׂרָפוּהָ וְאֵת הַבָּתִּים אֲשֶׁר קִטְּרוּ עַל־גַּגּוֹתֵיהֶם לַבַּעַל וְהִסִּכוּ נְסָכִים לֵאלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים לְמַעַן הַכְעִסֵנִי
and the Chaldeans, that fight against this city, shall come and set this city on fire, and burn it, with the houses, upon whose roofs they have offered unto Baal, and poured out drink-offerings unto other gods, to provoke Me.
καὶ ἥξουσιν οἱ Χαλδαῖοι πολεμοῦντες ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν ταύτην, καὶ καύσουσι τὴν πόλιν ταύτην ἐν πυρί, καὶ κατακαύσουσι τὰς οἰκίας ἐν αἷς ἐθυμιῶσαν ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων αὐτῶν τῇ Βάαλ, καὶ ἔσπενδον σπονδὰς θεοῖς ἑτέροις, πρὸς τὸ παραπικράναι με·
and the Chaldeans shall come to war against this city, and they shall burn this city with fire, and shall burn down the houses wherein they burned incense on the roofs thereof to Baal, and poured drink offerings to other gods, to provoke me.
30
כִּי־הָיוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְנֵי יְהוּדָה אַךְ עֹשִׂים הָרַע בְּעֵינַי מִנְּעֻרֹתֵיהֶם כִּי בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אַךְ מַכְעִסִים אֹתִי בְּמַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵיהֶם נְאֻם־יְהוָה
For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have only done that which was evil in My sight from their youth; for the children of Israel have only provoked Me with the work of their hands, saith HaShem.
Ὅτι ἦσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰούδα μόνοι ποιοῦντες τὸ πονηρὸν κατʼ ὀφθαλμούς μου ἐκ νεὁτητος αὐτῶν·
For the children of Israel and the children of Judah alone did evil in my sight from their youth.
31
כִּי עַל־אַפִּי וְעַל־חֲמָתִי הָיְתָה לִּי הָעִיר הַזֹּאת לְמִן־הַיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר בָּנוּ אוֹתָהּ וְעַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה לַהֲסִירָהּ מֵעַל פָּנָי
For this city hath been to Me a provocation of Mine anger and of My fury from the day that they built it even unto this day, that I should remove it from before My face;
Ὅτι ἐπὶ τὴν ὀργήν μου, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν θυμόν μου ἦν ἡ πόλις αὕτη, ἀφʼ ἧς ἡμέρας ᾠκοδόμησαν αὐτὴν καὶ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης, ἀπαλλάξαι αὐτὴν ἀπὸ προσώπου μου,
For this city was [obnoxious] to my anger and my wrath, from the day that they built it even to this day; that I should remove it from my presence,
32
עַל כָּל־רָעַת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְנֵי יְהוּדָה אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ לְהַכְעִסֵנִי הֵמָּה מַלְכֵיהֶם שָׂרֵיהֶם כֹּהֲנֵיהֶם וּנְבִיאֵיהֶם וְאִישׁ יְהוּדָה וְיֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
because of all the evil of the children of Israel and of the children of Judah, which they have done to provoke Me, they, their kings, their princes, their priests, and their prophets, and the men of Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
διὰ πάσας τὰς πονηρίας τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ καὶ Ἰούδα, ὧν ἐποίησαν πικράναι με, αὐτοὶ καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ προφῆται αὐτῶν, ἄνδρες Ἰούδα, καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ,
because of all the wickedness of the children of Israel and Judah, which they wrought to provoke me, they and their kings, and their princes, and their priests, and their prophets, the men of Judah, and the dwellers in Jerusalem.
33
וַיִּפְנוּ אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים וְלַמֵּד אֹתָם הַשְׁכֵּם וְלַמֵּד וְאֵינָם שֹׁמְעִים לָקַחַת מוּסָר
And they have turned unto Me the back, and not the face; and though I taught them, teaching them betimes and often, yet they have not hearkened to receive instruction.
καὶ ἀπέστρεψαν πρὸς μὲ νῶτον, καὶ οὐ πρόσωπον· καὶ ἐδίδαξα αὐτοὺς ὄρθρου, καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσαν ἔτι λαβεῖν παιδείαν.
And they turned the back to me, and not the face: whereas I taught them early in the morning, but they hearkened no more to receive instruction.
34
וַיָּשִׂימוּ שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם בַּבַּיִת אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָא־שְׁמִי עָלָיו לְטַמְּאוֹ
But they set their abominations in the house whereupon My name is called, to defile it.
Καὶ ἔθηκαν τὰ μιάσματα αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ, οὗ ἐπεκλήθη τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, ἐν ἀκαθαρσίαις αὐτῶν.
And they set their pollutions in the house, on which my name was called, by their uncleannesses.
35
וַיִּבְנוּ אֶת־בָּמוֹת הַבַּעַל אֲשֶׁר בְּגֵיא בֶן־הִנֹּם לְהַעֲבִיר אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶם לַמֹּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר לֹא־צִוִּיתִים וְלֹא עָלְתָה עַל־לִבִּי לַעֲשׂוֹת הַתּוֹעֵבָה הַזֹּאת לְמַעַן החטי הַחֲטִיא אֶת־יְהוּדָה
And they built the high places of Baal, which are in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to set apart their sons and their daughters unto Molech; which I commanded them not, neither came it into My mind, that they should do this abomination; to cause Judah to sin.
Καὶ ᾠκοδόμησαν τοὺς βωμοὺς τῇ Βάαλ τοὺς ἐν φάραγγι υἱοὺ Ἑννὸμ, τοῦ ἀναφέρειν τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας αὐτῶν τῷ Μολὸχ βασιλεῖ, ἃ οὐ συνέταξα αὐτοῖς, καὶ οὐκ ἀνέβη ἐπὶ καρδίαν μου τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὸ βδέλυγμα τοῦτο, πρὸς τὸ ἐφαμαρτεῖν τὸν Ἰούδαν.
And they built to Baal the altars that are in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, to offer their sons and their daughters to King Molech; which things I commanded them not, neither came it into my mind that they should do this abomination, to cause Judah to sin.
36
וְעַתָּה לָכֵן כֹּה־אָמַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־הָעִיר הַזֹּאת אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם אֹמְרִים נִתְּנָה בְּיַד מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל בַּחֶרֶב וּבָרָעָב וּבַדָּבֶר
And now therefore thus saith HaShem, the G-d of Israel, concerning this city, whereof ye say: It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon by the sword, and by the famine, and by the pestilence:
Καὶ νῦν οὕτως εἶπε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσραὴλ ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν, ἣν σὺ λέγεις, παραδοθήσεται εἰς χεῖρας βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος ἐν μαχαίρᾳ, καὶ ἐν λιμῷ καὶ ἐν ἀποστολῇ·
And now thus has the Lord God of Israel said concerning this city, of which thou sayest, It shall be delivered into the hands of the king of Babylon by the sword, and by famine, and banishment.
37
הִנְנִי מְקַבְּצָם מִכָּל־הָאֲרָצוֹת אֲשֶׁר הִדַּחְתִּים שָׁם בְּאַפִּי וּבַחֲמָתִי וּבְקֶצֶף גָּדוֹל וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה וְהֹשַׁבְתִּים לָבֶטַח
Behold, I will gather them out of all the countries, whither I have driven them in Mine anger, and in My fury, and in great wrath; and I will bring them back unto this place, and I will cause them to dwell safely;
Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ συνάγω αὐτοὺς ἐκ πάσης τῆς γῆς, οὗ διέσπειρα αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖ ἐν ὀργῇ μου, καὶ τῷ θυμῷ μου, καὶ ἐν παροξυσμῷ μεγάλῳ· καὶ ἐπιστρέψω αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον, καὶ καθιῶ αὐτοὺς πεποιθότας·
Behold, I [will] gather them out of every land, where I have scattered them in my anger, and my wrath, and great fury; and I will bring them back into this place, and will cause them to dwell safely:
38
וְהָיוּ לִי לְעָם וַאֲנִי אֶהְיֶה לָהֶם לֵאלֹהִים
and they shall be My people, and I will be their G-d;
Καὶ ἔσονταί μοι εἰς λαὸν, καὶ ἐγὼ ἔσομαι αὐτοῖς εἰς Θεόν.
and they shall be to me a people, and I will be to them a God.
39
וְנָתַתִּי לָהֶם לֵב אֶחָד וְדֶרֶךְ אֶחָד לְיִרְאָה אוֹתִי כָּל־הַיָּמִים לְטוֹב לָהֶם וְלִבְנֵיהֶם אַחֲרֵיהֶם
and I will give them one heart and one way, that they may fear Me for ever; for the good of them, and of their children after them;
Καὶ δώσω αὐτοῖς ὁδὸν ἑτέραν καὶ καρδίαν ἑτέραν, φοβηθῆναί με πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας, καὶ εἰς ἀγαθὸν αὐτοῖς καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτῶν μετʼ αὐτούς.
And I will give them another way, and another heart, to fear me continually, and [that] for good to them and their children after them.
40
וְכָרַתִּי לָהֶם בְּרִית עוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־אָשׁוּב מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶם לְהֵיטִיבִי אוֹתָם וְאֶת־יִרְאָתִי אֶתֵּן בִּלְבָבָם לְבִלְתִּי סוּר מֵעָלָי
and I will make an everlasting covenant with them, that I will not turn away from them, to do them good; and I will put My fear in their hearts, that they shall not depart from Me.
Καὶ διαθήσομαι αὐτοῖς διαθήκην αἰωνίαν, ἣν οὐ μὴ ἀποστρέψω ὄπισθεν αὐτῶν· καὶ τὸν φόβον μου δώσω εἰς τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῶν, πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἀποστῆναι αὐτοὺς ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ.
And I will make with them an everlasting covenant, which I will by no means turn away from them, and I will put my fear into their heart, that they may not depart from me.
41
וְשַׂשְׂתִּי עֲלֵיהֶם לְהֵטִיב אוֹתָם וּנְטַעְתִּים בָּאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת בֶּאֱמֶת בְּכָל־לִבִּי וּבְכָל־נַפְשִׁי
Yea, I will rejoice over them to do them good, and I will plant them in this land in truth with My whole heart and with My whole soul.
Καὶ ἐπισκέψομαι τοῦ ἀγαθῶσαι αὐτοὺς, καὶ φυτεύσω αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ ἐν πίστει, καὶ ἐν πάσῃ καρδίᾳ μου, καὶ ἐν πάσῃ ψυχῇ.
And I will visit [them] to do them good, and I will plant them in this land in faithfulness, and with all my heart, and with all [my] soul.
42
כִּי־כֹה אָמַר יְהוָה כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵבֵאתִי אֶל־הָעָם הַזֶּה אֵת כָּל־הָרָעָה הַגְּדוֹלָה הַזֹּאת כֵּן אָנֹכִי מֵבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת־כָּל־הַטּוֹבָה אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי דֹּבֵר עֲלֵיהֶם
For thus saith HaShem: Like as I have brought all this great evil upon this people, so will I bring upon them all the good that I have promised them.
Ὅτι οὕτως εἶπε Κύριος, καθὰ ἐπήγαγον ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον πάντα τὰ κακὰ τὰ μεγάλα ταῦτα, οὕτως ἐγὼ ἐπάξω ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς πάντα τὰ ἀγαθὰ, ἃ ἐλάλησα ἐπʼ αὐτούς.
For thus saith the Lord; As I have brought upon this people all these great evils, so will I bring upon them all the good things which I pronounced upon them.
43
וְנִקְנָה הַשָּׂדֶה בָּאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם אֹמְרִים שְׁמָמָה הִיא מֵאֵין אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה נִתְּנָה בְּיַד הַכַּשְׂדִּים
And fields shall be bought in this land, whereof ye say: It is desolate, without man or beast; it is given into the hand of the Chaldeans.
Καὶ κτηθήσονται ἔτι ἀγροὶ ἐν τῇ γῇ, ᾗ σὺ λέγεις, ἄβατος ἔσται ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπων καὶ κτήνους, καὶ παρεδόθησαν εἰς χεῖρας Χαλδαίων.
And there shall yet be fields bought in the land, of which thou sayest, It shall be destitute of man and beast; and they are delivered into the hands of the Chaldeans.
44
שָׂדוֹת בַּכֶּסֶף יִקְנוּ וְכָתוֹב בַּסֵּפֶר וְחָתוֹם וְהָעֵד עֵדִים בְּאֶרֶץ בִּנְיָמִן וּבִסְבִיבֵי יְרוּשָׁלִַם וּבְעָרֵי יְהוּדָה וּבְעָרֵי הָהָר וּבְעָרֵי הַשְּׁפֵלָה וּבְעָרֵי הַנֶּגֶב כִּי־אָשִׁיב אֶת־שְׁבוּתָם נְאֻם־יְהוָה
Men shall buy fields for money, and subscribe the deeds, and seal them, and call witnesses, in the land of Benjamin, and in the places about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, and in the cities of the hill-country, and in the cities of the Lowland, and in the cities of the South; for I will cause their captivity to return, saith HaShem.'
Καὶ κτήσονται ἀγροὺς ἐν ἀργυρίῳ· καὶ γράψεις βιβλίον καὶ σφραγιῇ, καὶ διαμαρτύρῃ μάρτυρας ἐν γῇ Βενιαμὶν, καὶ κύκλῳ τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ ἐν πόλεσιν Ἰούδα, καὶ ἐν πόλεσι τοῦ ὄρους, καὶ ἐν πόλεσι τῆς σεφηλὰ, καὶ ἐν πόλεσι τῆς ναγὲβ, ὅτι ἀποστρέψω τὰς ἀποικίας αὐτῶν.
And they shall buy fields for money, and thou shalt write a book, and seal [it], and shalt take the testimony of witnesses in the land of Benjamin, and round about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, and in the cities of the mountain, and in the cities of the plain, and in the cities of the south: for I will turn their captivity.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: Credits and licences.