Textorah

Genesis 31

1
וַיִּשְׁמַע אֶת־דִּבְרֵי בְנֵי־לָבָן לֵאמֹר לָקַח יַעֲקֹב אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ וּמֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ עָשָׂה אֵת כָּל־הַכָּבֹד הַזֶּה
And he heard the words of Laban's sons, saying: 'Jacob hath taken away all that was our father's; and of that which was our father's hath he gotten all this wealth.'
Ἤκουσε δὲ Ἰακὼβ τὰ ῥήματα τῶν υἱῶν Λάβαν, λεγόντων, εἴληφεν Ἰακὼβ πάντα τὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, καὶ ἐκ τῶν τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν πεποίηκε πᾶσαν τὴν δόξαν ταύτην.
And Jacob heard the words of the sons of Laban, saying, Jacob has taken all that was our father’s, and of our father’s property has he gotten all this glory.
2
וַיַּרְא יַעֲקֹב אֶת־פְּנֵי לָבָן וְהִנֵּה אֵינֶנּוּ עִמּוֹ כִּתְמוֹל שִׁלְשׁוֹם
And Jacob beheld the countenance of Laban, and, behold, it was not toward him as beforetime.
Καὶ εἶδεν Ἰακὼβ τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Λάβαν, καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐκ ἦν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὡσεὶ χθὲς καὶ τρίτην ἡμέραν.
And Jacob saw the countenance of Laban, and behold it was not toward him as before.
3
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־יַעֲקֹב שׁוּב אֶל־אֶרֶץ אֲבוֹתֶיךָ וּלְמוֹלַדְתֶּךָ וְאֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ
And HaShem said unto Jacob: 'Return unto the land of thy fathers, and to thy kindred; and I will be with thee.'
Εἶπε δὲ Κύριος πρὸς Ἰακὼβ, ἀποστρέφου εἰς τὴν γῆν τοῦ πατρός σου, καὶ εἰς τὴν γενεάν σου, καὶ ἔσομαι μετὰ σοῦ.
And the Lord said to Jacob, Return to the land of thy father, and to thy family, and I will be with thee.
4
וַיִּשְׁלַח יַעֲקֹב וַיִּקְרָא לְרָחֵל וּלְלֵאָה הַשָּׂדֶה אֶל־צֹאנוֹ
And Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field unto his flock,
Ἀποστείλας δὲ Ἰακὼβ ἐκάλεσε Λείαν καὶ Ῥαχὴλ εἰς τὸ πεδίον, οὗ ἦν τὰ ποίμνια.
And Jacob sent and called Leah and Rachel to the plain where the flocks were.
5
וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶן רֹאֶה אָנֹכִי אֶת־פְּנֵי אֲבִיכֶן כִּי־אֵינֶנּוּ אֵלַי כִּתְמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם ו͏ֵאלֹהֵי אָבִי הָיָה עִמָּדִי
and said unto them: 'I see your father's countenance, that it is not toward me as beforetime; but the G-d of my father hath been with me.
Καὶ εἶπεν αὐταῖς, ὁρῶ ἐγὼ τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι πρὸς ἐμοῦ, ὡς ἐχθὲς καὶ τρίτην ἡμέραν· ὁ δὲ Θεὸς τοῦ πατρός μου ἦν μετʼ ἐμοῦ.
And he said to them, I see the face of your father, that it is not toward me as before, but the God of my father was with me.
6
וְאַתֵּנָה יְדַעְתֶּן כִּי בְּכָל־כֹּחִי עָבַדְתִּי אֶת־אֲבִיכֶן
And ye know that with all my power I have served your father.
Καὶ αὐταὶ δὲ οἴδατε, ὅτι ἐν πάσῃ τῇ ἰσχύϊ μου δεδούλευκα τῷ πατρὶ ὑμῶν.
And ye too know that with all my might I have served your father.
7
וַאֲבִיכֶן הֵתֶל בִּי וְהֶחֱלִף אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּי עֲשֶׂרֶת מֹנִים וְלֹא־נְתָנוֹ אֱלֹהִים לְהָרַע עִמָּדִי
And your father hath mocked me, and changed my wages ten times; but G-d suffered him not to hurt me.
Ὁ δὲ πατὴρ ὑμῶν παρεκρούσατό με, καὶ ἤλλαξε τὸν μισθόν μου τῶν δέκα ἀμνῶν· καὶ οὐκ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ὁ Θεὸς κακοποιῆσαί με.
But your father deceived me, and changed my wages for the ten lambs, yet God gave him not [power] to hurt me.
8
אִם־כֹּה יֹאמַר נְקֻדִּים יִהְיֶה שְׂכָרֶךָ וְיָלְדוּ כָל־הַצֹּאן נְקֻדִּים וְאִם־כֹּה יֹאמַר עֲקֻדִּים יִהְיֶה שְׂכָרֶךָ וְיָלְדוּ כָל־הַצֹּאן עֲקֻדִּים
If he said thus: The speckled shall be thy wages; then all the flock bore speckled; and if he said thus: The streaked shall be thy wages; then bore all the flock streaked.
Ἐὰν οὕτως εἴπῃ, τὰ ποικίλα ἔσται σου μισθὸς, καὶ τέξεται πάντα τὰ πρόβατα ποικίλα· ἐὰν δὲ εἴπῃ, τὰ λευκὰ ἔσται σου μισθὸς, καὶ τέξεται πάντα τὰ πρόβατα λευκά.
If he should say thus, The speckled shall be thy reward, then all the cattle would bear speckled; and if he should say, The white shall be thy reward, then would all the cattle bear white.
9
וַיַּצֵּל אֱלֹהִים אֶת־מִקְנֵה אֲבִיכֶם וַיִּתֶּן־לִי
Thus G-d hath taken away the cattle of your father, and given them to me.
Καὶ ἀφείλετο ὁ Θεὸς πάντα τὰ κτήνη τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν, καὶ ἔδωκέ μοι αὐτά.
So God has taken away all the cattle of your father, and given them to me.
10
וַיְהִי בְּעֵת יַחֵם הַצֹּאן וָאֶשָּׂא עֵינַי וָאֵרֶא בַּחֲלוֹם וְהִנֵּה הָעַתֻּדִים הָעֹלִים עַל־הַצֹּאן עֲקֻדִּים נְקֻדִּים וּבְרֻדִּים
And it came to pass at the time that the flock conceived, that I lifted up mine eyes, and saw in a dream, and, behold, the he-goats which leaped upon the flock were streaked, speckled, and grizzled.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἡνίκα ἐνεκίσσων τὰ πρόβατα ἐν γαστρὶ λαμβάνοντα, καὶ εἶδον τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ· καὶ ἰδοὺ οἱ τράγοι καὶ οἱ κριοὶ ἀναβαίνοντες ἐπὶ τὰ πρόβατα καὶ τὰς αἶγας, διάλευκοι καὶ ποικίλοι καὶ σποδοειδεῖς ῥαντοί.
And it came to pass when the cattle conceived and were with young, that I beheld with mine eyes in sleep, and behold the he-goats and the rams leaping on the sheep and the she-goats, speckled and variegated and spotted with ash-colored spots.
11
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי מַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹהִים בַּחֲלוֹם י͏ַעֲקֹב וָאֹמַר הִנֵּנִי
And the angel of G-d said unto me in the dream: Jacob; and I said: Here am I.
Καὶ εἶπέ μοι ὁ Ἄγγελος τοῦ Θεοῦ καθʼ ὕπνον, Ἰακώβ· ἐγὼ δὲ εἶπα, τί ἐστι;
And the angel of God said to me in a dream, Jacob; and I said, What is it?
12
וַיֹּאמֶר שָׂא־נָא עֵינֶיךָ וּרְאֵה כָּל־הָעַתֻּדִים הָעֹלִים עַל־הַצֹּאן עֲקֻדִּים נְקֻדִּים וּבְרֻדִּים כִּי רָאִיתִי אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר לָבָן עֹשֶׂה לָּךְ
And he said: Lift up now thine eyes, and see, all the he-goats which leap upon the flock are streaked, speckled, and grizzled; for I have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee.
Καὶ εἶπεν, ἀνάβλεψον τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς σου, καὶ ἴδε τοὺς τράγους καὶ τοὺς κριοὺς ἀναβαίνοντας ἐπὶ τὰ πρόβατα καὶ τὰς αἶγας διαλεύκους καὶ ποικίλους καὶ σποδοειδεῖς ῥαντούς· ἑώρακα γὰρ ὅσα σοι Λάβαν ποιεῖ.
And he said, Look up with thine eyes, and behold the he-goats and the rams leaping on the sheep and the she-goats, speckled and variegated and spotted with ash-colored spots; for I have seen all things that Laban does to thee.
13
אָנֹכִי הָאֵל בֵּית־אֵל אֲשֶׁר מָשַׁחְתָּ שָּׁם מַצֵּבָה אֲשֶׁר נָדַרְתָּ לִּי שָׁם נֶדֶר עַתָּה קוּם צֵא מִן־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת וְשׁוּב אֶל־אֶרֶץ מוֹלַדְתֶּךָ
I am the G-d of Beth-el, where thou didst anoint a pillar, where thou didst vow a vow unto Me. Now arise, get thee out from this land, and return unto the land of thy nativity.'
Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς ὁ ὀφθείς σοι ἐν τόπῳ Θεοῦ, οὗ ἤλειψάς μοι ἐκεῖ στήλην, καὶ ηὔξω μοι ἐκεῖ εὐχήν· νῦν οὖν ἀνάστηθι, καὶ ἔξελθε ἐκ τῆς γῆς ταύτης, καὶ ἄπελθε εἰς τὴν γῆν τῆς γενέσεώς σου, καὶ ἔσομαι μετὰ σοῦ.
I am God that appeared to thee in the place of God, where thou anointedst a pillar to me, and vowedst to me there a vow; now then arise and depart out of this land, depart into the land of thy nativity, and I will be with thee.
14
וַתַּעַן רָחֵל וְלֵאָה וַתֹּאמַרְנָה לוֹ הַעוֹד לָנוּ חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה בְּבֵית אָבִינוּ
And Rachel and Leah answered and said unto him: 'Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father's house?
Καὶ ἀποκριθεῖσαι Ῥαχὴλ καὶ Λεία εἶπαν αὐτῷ, μὴ ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἔτι μερὶς ἢ κληρονομία ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν;
And Rachel and Leah answered and said to him, Have we yet a part or inheritance in the house of our father?
15
הֲלוֹא נָכְרִיּוֹת נֶחְשַׁבְנוּ לוֹ כִּי מְכָרָנוּ וַיֹּאכַל גַּם־אָכוֹל אֶת־כַּסְפֵּנוּ
Are we not accounted by him strangers? for he hath sold us, and hath also quite devoured our price.
Οὐχ ὡς αἱ ἀλλότριαι λελογίσμεθα αὐτῷ; πέπρακε γὰρ ἡμᾶς, καὶ καταβρώσει κατέφαγε τὸ ἀργύριον ἡμῶν.
Are we not considered strangers by him? for he has sold us, and quite devoured our money.
16
כִּי כָל־הָעֹשֶׁר אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֱלֹהִים מֵאָבִינוּ לָנוּ הוּא וּלְבָנֵינוּ וְעַתָּה כֹּל אֲשֶׁר אָמַר אֱלֹהִים אֵלֶיךָ עֲשֵׂה
For all the riches which G-d hath taken away from our father, that is ours and our children's. Now then, whatsoever G-d hath said unto thee, do.'
Πάντα τὸν πλοῦτον καὶ τὴν δόξαν, ἣν ἀφείλετο ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, ἡμῖν ἔσται καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις ἡμῶν· νῦν οὖν ὅσα σοι εἴρηκεν ὁ Θεὸς, ποίει.
All the wealth and the glory which God has taken from our father, it shall be ours and our children’s; now then do whatsoever God has said to thee.
17
וַיָּקָם יַעֲקֹב וַיִּשָּׂא אֶת־בָּנָיו וְאֶת־נָשָׁיו עַל־הַגְּמַלִּים
Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives upon the camels;
Ἀναστὰς δὲ Ἰακὼβ ἔλαβε τὰς γυναῖκας αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ παιδία αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὰς καμήλους·
And Jacob arose and took his wives and his children up on the camels;
18
וַיִּנְהַג אֶת־כָּל־מִקְנֵהוּ וְאֶת־כָּל־רְכֻשׁוֹ אֲשֶׁר רָכָשׁ מִקְנֵה קִנְיָנוֹ אֲשֶׁר רָכַשׁ בְּפַדַּן אֲרָם לָבוֹא אֶל־יִצְחָק אָבִיו אַרְצָה כְּנָעַן
and he carried away all his cattle, and all his substance which he had gathered, the cattle of his getting, which he had gathered in Paddan-aram, to go to Isaac his father unto the land of Canaan.
Καὶ ἀπήγαγε πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτῷ, καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀποσκευὴν αὐτοῦ, ἣν περιεποιήσατο ἐν τῇ Μεσοποταμίᾳ, καὶ πάντα τὰ αὐτοῦ, ἀπελθεῖν πρὸς Ἰσαὰκ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ εἰς γῆν Χαναάν.
and he took away all his possessions and all his store, which he had gotten in Mesopotamia, and all that belonged to him, to depart to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan.
19
וְלָבָן הָלַךְ לִגְזֹז אֶת־צֹאנוֹ וַתִּגְנֹב רָחֵל אֶת־הַתְּרָפִים אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ
Now Laban was gone to shear his sheep. And Rachel stole the teraphim that were her father's.
Λάβαν δὲ ᾤχετο κεῖραι τὰ πρόβατα αὐτοῦ· ἔκλεψε δὲ Ῥαχὴλ τὰ εἴδωλα τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῆς.
And Laban went to shear his sheep; and Rachel stole her father’s images.
20
וַיִּגְנֹב יַעֲקֹב אֶת־לֵב לָבָן הָאֲרַמִּי עַל־בְּלִי הִגִּיד לוֹ כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא
And Jacob outwitted Laban the Aramean, in that he told him not that he fled.
Ἔκρυψε δὲ Ἰακὼβ Λάβαν τὸν Σύρον, τοῦ μὴ ἀναγγεῖλαι αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἀποδιδράσκει.
And Jacob hid [the matter from] Laban the Syrian, so as not to tell him that he ran away.
21
וַיִּבְרַח הוּא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ וַיָּקָם וַיַּעֲבֹר אֶת־הַנָּהָר וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת־פָּנָיו הַר הַגִּלְעָד
So he fled with all that he had; and he rose up, and passed over the River, and set his face toward the mountain of Gilead.
Καὶ ἀπέδρα αὐτὸς, καὶ τὰ αὐτοῦ πάντα, καὶ διέβη τὸν ποταμὸν, καὶ ὥρμησεν εἰς τὸ ὄρος Γαλαάδ.
And he departed himself and all that belonged to him, and passed over the river, and went into the mountain Gilead.
22
וַיֻּגַּד לְלָבָן בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי כִּי בָרַח יַעֲקֹב
And it was told Laban on the third day that Jacob was fled.
Ἀνηγγέλη δὲ Λάβαν τῷ Σύρῳ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ, ὅτι ἀπέδρα Ἰακώβ.
But it was told Laban the Syrian on the third day, that Jacob was fled.
23
וַיִּקַּח אֶת־אֶחָיו עִמּוֹ וַיִּרְדֹּף אַחֲרָיו דֶּרֶךְ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וַיַּדְבֵּק אֹתוֹ בְּהַר הַגִּלְעָד
And he took his brethren with him, and pursued after him seven days' journey; and he overtook him in the mountain of Gilead.
Καὶ παραλαβὼν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ μεθʼ ἑαντοῦ, ἐδίωξεν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἑπτά· καὶ κατέλαβεν αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ ὄρει Γαλαάδ.
And having taken his brethren with him, he pursued after him seven days’ journey, and overtook him on Mount Gilead.
24
וַיָּבֹא אֱלֹהִים אֶל־לָבָן הָאֲרַמִּי בַּחֲלֹם הַלָּיְלָה וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן־תְּדַבֵּר עִם־יַעֲקֹב מִטּוֹב עַד־רָע
And G-d came to Laban the Aramean in a dream of the night, and said unto him: 'Take heed to thyself that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.'
Ἦλθε δὲ ὁ Θεὸς πρὸς Λάβαν τὸν Σύρον καθʼ ὕπνον τὴν νύκτα, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Φύλαξαι σεαυτὸν μή ποτε λαλήσῃς μετὰ Ἰακὼβ πονηρά.
And God came to Laban the Syrian in sleep by night, and said to him, Take heed to thyself that thou speak not at any time to Jacob evil things.
25
וַיַּשֵּׂג לָבָן אֶת־יַעֲקֹב וְיַעֲקֹב תָּקַע אֶת־אָהֳלוֹ בָּהָר וְלָבָן תָּקַע אֶת־אֶחָיו בְּהַר הַגִּלְעָד
And Laban came up with Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the mountain; and Laban with his brethren pitched in the mountain of Gilead.
Καὶ κατέλαβε Λάβαν τὸν Ἰακώβ· Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἔπηξεν τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ ὄρει· Λάβαν δὲ ἔστησε τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ ὄρει Γαλαάδ.
And Laban overtook Jacob; and Jacob pitched his tent in the mountain; and Laban stationed his brothers in the Mount Gilead.
26
וַיֹּאמֶר לָבָן לְיַעֲקֹב מֶה עָשִׂיתָ וַתִּגְנֹב אֶת־לְבָבִי וַתְּנַהֵג אֶת־בְּנֹתַי כִּשְׁבֻיוֹת חָרֶב
And Laban said to Jacob: 'What hast thou done, that thou hast outwitted me, and carried away my daughters as though captives of the sword?
Εἶπε δὲ Λάβαν τῷ Ἰακὼβ, τί ἐποίησας; ἱνατί κρυφῇ ἀπέδρας, καὶ ἐκλοποφόρησάς με, καὶ ἀπήγαγες τὰς θυγατέρας μου, ὡς αἰχμαλώτιδας μαχαίρᾳ;
And Laban said to Jacob, What hast thou done? wherefore didst thou run away secretly, and pillage me, and lead away my daughters as captives taken with the sword?
27
לָמָּה נַחְבֵּאתָ לִבְרֹחַ וַתִּגְנֹב אֹתִי וְלֹא־הִגַּדְתָּ לִּי וָאֲשַׁלֵּחֲךָ בְּשִׂמְחָה וּבְשִׁרִים בְּתֹף וּבְכִנּוֹר
Wherefore didst thou flee secretly, and outwit me; and didst not tell me, that I might have sent thee away with mirth and with songs, with tabret and with harp;
Καὶ εἰ ἀνήγγειλάς μοι, ἐξαπέστειλα ἄν σε μετʼ εὐφροσύνης, καὶ μετὰ μουσικῶν, καὶ τυμπάνων, καὶ κιθάρας.
Whereas if thou hadst told me, I would have sent thee away with mirth, and with songs, and timbrels, and harp.
28
וְלֹא נְטַשְׁתַּנִי לְנַשֵּׁק לְבָנַי וְלִבְנֹתָי עַתָּה הִסְכַּלְתָּ עֲשׂוֹ
and didst not suffer me to kiss my sons and my daughters? now hast thou done foolishly.
Καὶ οὐκ ἠξιώθην καταφιλῆσαι τὰ παιδία μου, καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας μου· νῦν δὲ ἀφρόνως ἔπραξας.
And I was not counted worthy to embrace my children and my daughters; now then thou hast wrought foolishly.
29
יֶשׁ־לְאֵל יָדִי לַעֲשׂוֹת עִמָּכֶם רָע ו͏ֵאלֹהֵי אֲבִיכֶם אֶמֶשׁ אָמַר אֵלַי לֵאמֹר הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ מִדַּבֵּר עִם־יַעֲקֹב מִטּוֹב עַד־רָע
It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt; but the G-d of your father spoke unto me yesternight, saying: Take heed to thyself that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.
Καὶ νῦν ἰσχύει ἡ χείρ μου κακοποιῆσαί σε· ὁ δὲ Θεὸς τοῦ πατρός σου χθὲς εἶπε πρός με, λέγων, Φύλαξαι σεαυτὸν μή ποτε λαλήσῃς μετὰ Ἰακὼβ πονηρά.
And now my hand has power to hurt thee; but the God of thy father spoke to me yesterday, saying, Take heed to thyself that thou speak not evil words to Jacob.
30
וְעַתָּה הָלֹךְ הָלַכְתָּ כִּי־נִכְסֹף נִכְסַפְתָּה לְבֵית אָבִיךָ לָמָּה גָנַבְתָּ אֶת־אֱלֹהָי
And now that thou art surely gone, because thou sore longest after thy father's house, wherefore hast thou stolen my gods?'
Νῦν οὖν πεπόρευσαι· ἐπιθυμίᾳ γὰρ ἐπεθύμησας ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός σου· ἱνατί ἔκλεψας τοὺς θεούς μου;
Now then go on thy way, for thou hast earnestly desired to depart to the house of thy father; wherefore hast thou stolen my gods?
31
וַיַּעַן יַעֲקֹב וַיֹּאמֶר לְלָבָן כִּי יָרֵאתִי כִּי אָמַרְתִּי פֶּן־תִּגְזֹל אֶת־בְּנוֹתֶיךָ מֵעִמִּי
And Jacob answered and said to Laban: 'Because I was afraid; for I said: Lest thou shouldest take thy daughters from me by force.
Ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ἰακὼβ εἶπε τῷ Λάβαν, ὅτι ἐφοβήθην· εἶπα γὰρ, μή ποτε ἀφέλῃ τὰς θυγατέρας σου ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐμά.
And Jacob answered and said to Laban, Because I was afraid; for I said, Lest at any time thou shouldest take away thy daughters from me, and all my possessions.
32
עִם אֲשֶׁר תִּמְצָא אֶת־אֱלֹהֶיךָ לֹא יִחְיֶה נֶגֶד אַחֵינוּ הַכֶּר־לְךָ מָה עִמָּדִי וְקַח־לָךְ וְלֹא־יָדַע יַעֲקֹב כִּי רָחֵל גְּנָבָתַם
With whomsoever thou findest thy gods, he shall not live; before our brethren discern thou what is thine with me, and take it to thee.' --For Jacob knew not that Rachel had stolen them.--
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἰακὼβ, παρʼ ᾧ ἂν εὕρῃς τοὺς θεούς σου, οὐ ζήσεται ἐναντίον τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν· ἐπίγνωθι τί ἐστι παρʼ ἐμοὶ τῶν σῶν, καὶ λάβε· καὶ οὐκ ἐπέγνω παρʼ αὐτῷ οὐθέν· οὐκ ᾔδει δὲ Ἰακὼβ, ὅτι Ῥαχὴλ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ ἔκλεψεν αὐτούς.
And Jacob said, With whomsoever thou shalt find thy gods, he shall not live in the presence of our brethren; take notice of what I have of thy property, and take it; and he observed nothing with him, but Jacob knew not that his wife Rachel had stolen them.
33
וַיָּבֹא לָבָן בְּאֹהֶל יַעֲקֹב וּבְאֹהֶל לֵאָה וּבְאֹהֶל שְׁתֵּי הָאֲמָהֹת וְלֹא מָצָא וַיֵּצֵא מֵאֹהֶל לֵאָה וַיָּבֹא בְּאֹהֶל רָחֵל
And Laban went into Jacob's tent, and into Leah's tent, and into the tent of the two maid-servants; but he found them not. And he went out of Leah's tent, and entered into Rachel's tent.
Εἰσελθὼν δὲ Λάβαν ἠρεύνησεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον Λείας, καὶ οὐχ εὗρεν· καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου Λείας, καὶ ἠρεύνησε τὸν οἶκον Ἰακὼβ, καὶ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῶν δύο παιδισκῶν, καὶ οὐχ εὗρεν· εἰσῆλθε δὲ καὶ εἰς τὸν οἶκον Ῥαχήλ.
And Laban went in and searched in the house of Leah, and found [them] not; and he went out of the house of Leah, and searched in the house of Jacob, and in the house of the two maidservants, and found them not; and he went also into the house of Rachel.
34
וְרָחֵל לָקְחָה אֶת־הַתְּרָפִים וַתְּשִׂמֵם בְּכַר הַגָּמָל וַתֵּשֶׁב עֲלֵיהֶם וַיְמַשֵּׁשׁ לָבָן אֶת־כָּל־הָאֹהֶל וְלֹא מָצָא
Now Rachel had taken the teraphim, and put them in the saddle of the camel, and sat upon them. And Laban felt about all the tent, but found them not.
Ῥαχὴλ δὲ ἔλαβε τὰ εἴδωλα, καὶ ἐνέβαλεν αὐτὰ εἰς τὰ σάγματα τῆς καμήλου, καὶ ἐπεκάθισεν αὐτοῖς.
And Rachel took the idols, and cast them among the camels’ packs, and sat upon them.
35
וַתֹּאמֶר אֶל־אָבִיהָ אַל־יִחַר בְּעֵינֵי אֲדֹנִי כִּי לוֹא אוּכַל לָקוּם מִפָּנֶיךָ כִּי־דֶרֶךְ נָשִׁים לִי וַיְחַפֵּשׂ וְלֹא מָצָא אֶת־הַתְּרָפִים
And she said to her father: 'Let not my lord be angry that I cannot rise up before thee; for the manner of women is upon me.' And he searched, but found not the teraphim.
Καὶ εἶπε τῷ πατρὶ αὐτῆς, μὴ βαρέως φέρε, κύριε· οὐ δυνάμαι ἀναστῆναι ἐνώπιόν σου, ὅτι τὰ κατʼ ἐθισμὸν τῶν γυναικῶν μοι ἐστίν· ἠρεύνησε Λάβαν ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ, καὶ οὐχ εὗρε τὰ εἴδωλα.
And she said to her father, Be not indignant, Sir; I cannot rise up before thee, for it is with me according to the manner of women. Laban searched in all the house, and found not the images.
36
וַיִּחַר לְיַעֲקֹב וַיָּרֶב בְּלָבָן וַיַּעַן יַעֲקֹב וַיֹּאמֶר לְלָבָן מַה־פִּשְׁעִי מַה חַטָּאתִי כִּי דָלַקְתָּ אַחֲרָי
And Jacob was wroth, and strove with Laban. And Jacob answered and said to Laban: 'What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast hotly pursued after me?
Ὠργίσθη δὲ Ἰακὼβ, καὶ ἐμαχέσατο τῷ Λάβαν· ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ἰακὼβ εἶπε τῷ Λάβαν, τί τὸ ἀδίκημά μου; καὶ τί τὸ ἁμάρτημά μου, ὅτι κατεδίωξας ὀπίσω μου,
And Jacob was angry, and strove with Laban; and Jacob answered and said to Laban, What is my injustice, and what my sin, that thou hast pursued after me,
37
כִּי־מִשַּׁשְׁתָּ אֶת־כָּל־כֵּלַי מַה־מָּצָאתָ מִכֹּל כְּלֵי־בֵיתֶךָ שִׂים כֹּה נֶגֶד אַחַי וְאַחֶיךָ וְיוֹכִיחוּ בֵּין שְׁנֵינוּ
Whereas thou hast felt about all my stuff, what hast thou found of all thy household stuff? Set it here before my brethren and thy brethren, that they may judge betwixt us two.
καὶ ὅτι ἠρεύνησας πάντα τὰ σκεύη τοῦ οἴκου μου; τί εὗρες ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν σκευῶν τοῦ οἴκου σου; θὲς ὧδε ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου καὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου, καὶ ἐλεγξάτωσαν ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν δύο ἡμῶν.
and that thou hast searched all the furniture of my house? what hast thou found of all the furniture of thy house? set it here between thy relations and my relations, and let them decide between us two.
38
זֶה עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה אָנֹכִי עִמָּךְ רְחֵלֶיךָ וְעִזֶּיךָ לֹא שִׁכֵּלוּ וְאֵילֵי צֹאנְךָ לֹא אָכָלְתִּי
These twenty years have I been with thee; thy ewes and thy she-goats have not cast their young, and the rams of thy flocks have I not eaten.
Ταῦτά μοι εἴκοσι ἔτη ἐγώ εἰμι μετὰ σοῦ· τὰ πρόβατά σου καὶ αἱ αἶγές σου οὐκ ἠτεκνώθησαν· κριοὺς τῶν προβάτων σου οὐ κατέφαγον.
These twenty years have I been with thee; thy sheep, and thy she-goats have not failed in bearing; I devoured not the rams of thy cattle.
39
טְרֵפָה לֹא־הֵבֵאתִי אֵלֶיךָ אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה מִיָּדִי תְּבַקְשֶׁנָּה גְּנֻבְתִי יוֹם וּגְנֻבְתִי לָיְלָה
That which was torn of beasts I brought not unto thee; I bore the loss of it; of my hand didst thou require it, whether stolen by day or stolen by night.
Θηριάλωτον οὐκ ἐνήνοχά σοι· ἐγὼ ἀπετίννυον παρʼ ἐμαυτοῦ κλέμματα ἡμέρας, καὶ κλέμματα νυκτός.
That which was taken of beasts I brought not to thee; I made good of myself the thefts of the day, and the thefts of the night.
40
הָיִיתִי בַיּוֹם אֲכָלַנִי חֹרֶב וְקֶרַח בַּלָּיְלָה וַתִּדַּד שְׁנָתִי מֵעֵינָי
Thus I was: in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep fled from mine eyes.
Ἐγενόμην τῆς ἡμέρας συγκαιόμενος τῷ καύματι, καὶ τῷ παγετῷ τῆς νυκτός· καὶ ἀφίστατο ὁ ὕπνος μου ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου.
I was parched with heat by day, and [chilled] with frost by night, and my sleep departed from my eyes.
41
זֶה־לִּי עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה בְּבֵיתֶךָ עֲבַדְתִּיךָ אַרְבַּע־עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה בִּשְׁתֵּי בְנֹתֶיךָ וְשֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים בְּצֹאנֶךָ וַתַּחֲלֵף אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּי עֲשֶׂרֶת מֹנִים
These twenty years have I been in thy house: I served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy flock; and thou hast changed my wages ten times.
Ταῦτά μοι εἴκοσι ἔτη ἐγώ εἰμι ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ σου· ἐδούλευσά σοι δεκατέσσαρα ἔτη ἀντὶ τῶν δύο θυγατέρων σου, καὶ ἓξ ἔτη ἐν τοῖς προβάτοις σου, καὶ παρελογίσω τὸν μισθόν μου δέκα ἀμνάσιν.
These twenty years have I been in thy house; I served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years among thy sheep, and thou didst falsely rate my wages for ten lambs.
42
לוּלֵי אֱלֹהֵי אָבִי אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם וּפַחַד יִצְחָק הָיָה לִי כִּי עַתָּה רֵיקָם שִׁלַּחְתָּנִי אֶת־עָנְיִי וְאֶת־יְגִיעַ כַּפַּי רָאָה אֱלֹהִים וַיּוֹכַח אָמֶשׁ
Except the G-d of my father, the G-d of Abraham, and the Fear of Isaac, had been on my side, surely now hadst thou sent me away empty. G-d hath seen mine affliction and the labour of my hands, and gave judgment yesternight.'
Εἰ μὴ ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ πατρός μου Ἁβραὰμ, καὶ ὁ φόβος Ἰσαὰκ, ἦν μοι, νῦν ἂν κενόν με ἐξαπέστειλας· τὴν ταπείνωσίν μου, καὶ τὸν κόπον τῶν χειρῶν μου, εἶδεν ὁ Θεός· καὶ ἤλεγξέ σε χθές.
Unless I had the God of my father Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, now thou wouldest have sent me away empty; God saw my humiliation, and the labor of my hands, and rebuked thee yesterday.
43
וַיַּעַן לָבָן וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־יַעֲקֹב הַבָּנוֹת בְּנֹתַי וְהַבָּנִים בָּנַי וְהַצֹּאן צֹאנִי וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה רֹאֶה לִי־הוּא וְלִבְנֹתַי מָה־א͏ֶעֱשֶׂה לָאֵלֶּה הַיּוֹם אוֹ לִבְנֵיהֶן אֲשֶׁר יָלָדוּ
And Laban answered and said unto Jacob: 'The daughters are my daughters, and the children are my children, and the flocks are my flocks, and all that thou seest is mine; and what can I do this day for these my daughters, or for their children whom they have borne?
Ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Λάβαν εἶπε τῷ Ἰακὼβ, αἱ θυγατέρες, θυγατέρες μου, καὶ υἱοὶ, υἱοί μου, καὶ τὰ κτήνη, κτήνη μου· καὶ πάντα ὅσα σὺ ὁρᾷς, ἐμά ἐστι, καὶ τῶν θυγατέρων μου· τί ποιήσω ταύταις σήμερον ἢ τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτῶν, οἷς ἔτεκον;
And Laban answered and said to Jacob, The daughters are my daughters, and the sons my sons, and the cattle are my cattle, and all things which thou seest are mine, and [the property] of my daughters; what shall I do to them today, or their children which they bore?
44
וְעַתָּה לְכָה נִכְרְתָה בְרִית אֲנִי וָאָתָּה וְהָיָה לְעֵד בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ
And now come, let us make a covenant, I and thou; and let it be for a witness between me and thee.'
Νῦν οὖν δεῦρο διαθῶμαι διαθήκην ἐγώ τε καὶ σύ· καὶ ἔσται εἰς μαρτύριον ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ· εἶπε δὲ αὐτῷ, ἰδοὺ οὐθεὶς μεθʼ ἡμῶν ἐστιν· ἴδε ὁ Θεὸς μάρτυς ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ.
Now then come, let me make a covenant, both I and thou, and it shall be for a witness between me and thee; and he said to him, Behold, there is no one with us; behold, God is witness between me and thee.
45
וַיִּקַּח יַעֲקֹב אָבֶן וַיְרִימֶהָ מַצֵּבָה
And Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar.
Λαβὼν δὲ Ἰακὼβ λίθον, ἔστησεν αὐτὸν στήλην.
And Jacob having taken a stone, set it up for a pillar.
46
וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב לְאֶחָיו לִקְטוּ אֲבָנִים וַיִּקְחוּ אֲבָנִים וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־גָל וַיֹּאכְלוּ שָׁם עַל־הַגָּל
And Jacob said unto his brethren: 'Gather stones'; and they took stones, and made a heap. And they did eat there by the heap.
Εἶπε δὲ Ἰακὼβ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ, συλλέγετε λίθους· καὶ συνέλεξαν λίθους, καὶ ἐποίησαν βουνόν· καὶ ἔφαγον ἐκεῖ ἐπὶ τοῦ βουνοῦ· καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Λάβαν, ὁ βουνὸς οὗτος μαρτυρεῖ ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ σήμερον.
And Jacob said to his brethren, Gather stones; and they gathered stones and made a heap, and ate there upon the heap; and Laban said to him, This heap witnesses between me and thee today.
47
וַיִּקְרָא־לוֹ לָבָן יְגַר שָׂהֲדוּתָא וְיַעֲקֹב קָרָא לוֹ גַּלְעֵד
And Laban called it Jegar-sahadutha; but Jacob called it Galeed.
Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὸν Λάβαν, βουνὸς τῆς μαρτυρίας· Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὸν, βουνὸς μάρτυς.
And Laban called it, the Heap of Testimony; and Jacob called it, the Witness Heap.
48
וַיֹּאמֶר לָבָן הַגַּל הַזֶּה עֵד בֵּינִי וּבֵינְךָ הַיּוֹם עַל־כֵּן קָרָא־שְׁמוֹ גַּלְעֵד
And Laban said: 'This heap is witness between me and thee this day.' Therefore was the name of it called Galeed;
Εἶπε δὲ Λάβαν τῷ Ἰακὼβ, ἰδοὺ ὁ βουνὸς οὗτος καὶ ἡ στήλη, ἣν ἔστησα ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ· μαρτυρεῖ ὁ βουνὸς οὗτος, καὶ μαρτυρεῖ ἡ στήλη αὕτη· διὰ τοῦτο ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα, βουνὸς μαρτυρεῖ.
And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this heap, and the pillar, which I have set between me and thee; this heap witnesses, and this pillar witnesses; therefore its name was called, the Heap witnesses.
49
וְהַמִּצְפָּה אֲשֶׁר אָמַר יִצֶף יְהוָה בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ כִּי נִסָּתֵר אִישׁ מֵרֵעֵהוּ
and Mizpah, for he said: 'The HaShem watch between me and thee, when we are absent one from another.
Καὶ ἡ ὅρασις, ἣν εἶπεν, ἐπίδοι ὁ Θεὸς ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ· ὅτι ἀποστησόμεθα ἕτερος ἀφʼ ἑτέρου.
And the vision of which he said—Let God look to it between me and thee, because we are about to depart from each other—
50
אִם־תְּעַנֶּה אֶת־בְּנֹתַי וְאִם־תִּקַּח נָשִׁים עַל־בְּנֹתַי אֵין אִישׁ עִמָּנוּ רְאֵה אֱלֹהִים עֵד בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ
If thou shalt afflict my daughters, and if thou shalt take wives beside my daughters, no man being with us; see, G-d is witness betwixt me and thee.'
Εἰ ταπεινώσεις τὰς θυγατέρας μου, εἰ λάβῃς γυναῖκας πρὸς ταῖς θυγατράσι μου, ὅρα, οὐθεὶς μεθʼ ἡμῶν ἐστιν ὁρῶν· Θεὸς μάρτυς μεταξὺ ἐμοῦ καὶ μεταξὺ σοῦ. 50aΚαὶ εἶπε Λάβαν τῷ Ἰακὼβ, ἰδοὺ ὁ βουνὸς οὗτος καὶ μάρτυς ἡ στήλη αὕτη.
If thou shalt humble my daughters, if thou shouldest take wives in addition to my daughters, see, there is no one with us looking on. God [is] witness between me and thee.
51
וַיֹּאמֶר לָבָן לְיַעֲקֹב הִנֵּה הַגַּל הַזֶּה וְהִנֵּה הַמַצֵּבָה אֲשֶׁר יָרִיתִי בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ
And Laban said to Jacob: 'Behold this heap, and behold the pillar, which I have set up betwixt me and thee.
And Laban said to Jacob, Behold, this heap, and this pillar are a witness.
52
עֵד הַגַּל הַזֶּה וְעֵדָה הַמַּצֵּבָה אִם־אָנִי לֹא־א͏ֶעֱבֹר אֵלֶיךָ אֶת־הַגַּל הַזֶּה וְאִם־אַתָּה לֹא־תַעֲבֹר אֵלַי אֶת־הַגַּל הַזֶּה וְאֶת־הַמַּצֵּבָה הַזֹּאת לְרָעָה
This heap be witness, and the pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm.
Ἐάν τε γὰρ ἐγὼ μὴ διαβῶ πρός σε, μήτε σὺ διαβῇς πρός με τὸν βουνὸν τοῦτον καὶ τὴν στήλην ταύτην ἐπὶ κακίᾳ.
For if I should not cross over unto thee, neither shouldest thou cross over to me, for mischief beyond this heap and this pillar.
53
אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם וֵאלֹהֵי נָחוֹר יִשְׁפְּטוּ בֵינֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי אֲבִיהֶם וַיִּשָּׁבַע יַעֲקֹב בְּפַחַד אָבִיו יִצְחָק
The G-d of Abraham, and the G-d of Nahor, the G-d of their father, judge betwixt us.' And Jacob swore by the Fear of his father Isaac.
Ὁ Θεὸς Ἁβραὰμ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ναχὼρ κρίναι ἀνὰ μέσον ἡμῶν· καὶ ὤμοσεν Ἰακὼβ κατὰ τοῦ φόβου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἰσαάκ.
The God of Abraham and the God of Nahor judge between us; and Jacob swore by the Fear of his father Isaac.
54
וַיִּזְבַּח יַעֲקֹב זֶבַח בָּהָר וַיִּקְרָא לְאֶחָיו לֶאֱכָל־לָחֶם וַיֹּאכְלוּ לֶחֶם וַיָּלִינוּ בָּהָר
And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren to eat bread; and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mountain.
Καὶ ἔθυσεν θυσίαν ἐν τῷ ὄρει· καὶ ἐκάλεσε τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔφαγον καὶ ἔπιον, καὶ ἐκοιμήθησαν ἐν τῷ ὄρει.
And he offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren, and they ate and drank, and slept in the mountain.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: Credits and licences.