Textorah

Deuteronomy 2

1
וַנֵּפֶן וַנִּסַּע הַמִּדְבָּרָה דֶּרֶךְ יַם־סוּף כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהוָה אֵלָי וַנָּסָב אֶת־הַר־שֵׂעִיר יָמִים רַבִּים
Then we turned, and took our journey into the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea, as HaShem spoke unto me; and we compassed mount Seir many days.
Καὶ ἐπιστραφέντες ἀπῄραμεν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον, ὁδὸν θάλασσαν ἐρυθράν, ὃν τρόπον ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς μὲ, καὶ ἐκυκλώσαμεν τὸ ὄρος τὸ Σηεὶρ ἡμέρας πολλάς.
And we turned and departed into the wilderness, by the way of the Red Sea, as the Lord spoke to me, and we compassed Mount Seir many days.
2
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֵלַי לֵאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto me, saying:
Καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς μέ,
And the Lord said to me,
3
רַב־לָכֶם סֹב אֶת־הָהָר הַזֶּה פְּנוּ לָכֶם צָפֹנָה
'Ye have compassed this mountain long enough; turn you northward.
ἱκανούσθω ὑμῖν κυκλούν τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο· ἐπιστράφητε οὖν ἐπὶ Βοῤῥᾶν·
Ye have compassed this mount long enough; turn therefore toward the north.
4
וְאֶת־הָעָם צַו לֵאמֹר אַתֶּם עֹבְרִים בִּגְבוּל אֲחֵיכֶם בְּנֵי־עֵשָׂו הַיֹּשְׁבִים בְּשֵׂעִיר וְיִירְאוּ מִכֶּם וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּם מְאֹד
And command thou the people, saying: Ye are to pass through the border of your brethren the children of Esau, that dwell in Seir; and they will be afraid of you; take ye good heed unto yourselves therefore;
Καὶ τῷ λαῷ ἔντειλαι, λέγων, ὑμεῖς παραπορεύεσθε διὰ τῶν ὁρίων τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν υἱῶν Ἡσαύ, οἳ κατοικοῦσιν ἐν Σηεὶρ, καὶ φοβηθήσονται ὑμᾶς, καὶ εὐλαβηθήσονται ὑμᾶς σφόδρα.
And charge the people, saying, Ye are going through the borders of your brethren the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir; and they shall fear you, and dread you greatly.
5
אַל־תִּתְגָּרוּ בָם כִּי לֹא־אֶתֵּן לָכֶם מֵאַרְצָם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף־רָגֶל כִּי־יְרֻשָּׁה לְעֵשָׂו נָתַתִּי אֶת־הַר שֵׂעִיר
contend not with them; for I will not give you of their land, no, not so much as for the sole of the foot to tread on; because I have given mount Seir unto Esau for a possession.
Μὴ συνάψητε πρὸς αὐτοὺς πόλεμον, οὐ γὰρ δῶ ὑμῖν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν οὐδὲ βῆμα ποδός, ὅτι ἐν κλήρῳ δέδωκα τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἡσαὺ τὸ ὄρος τὸ Σηείρ.
Do not engage in war against them, for I will not give you of their land even enough to set your foot upon, for I have given Mount Seir to the children of Esau as an inheritance.
6
אֹכֶל תִּשְׁבְּרוּ מֵאִתָּם בַּכֶּסֶף וַאֲכַלְתֶּם וְגַם־מַיִם תִּכְרוּ מֵאִתָּם בַּכֶּסֶף וּשְׁתִיתֶם
Ye shall purchase food of them for money, that ye may eat; and ye shall also buy water of them for money, that ye may drink.
Ἀργυρίου βρώματα ἀγοράσατε παρʼ αὐτῶν καὶ φάγεσθε, καὶ ὕδωρ μέτρῳ λήψεσθε παρʼ αὐτῶν ἀργυρίου καὶ πίεσθε.
Buy food of them for money and eat, and ye shall receive water of them by measure for money, and drink.
7
כִּי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בֵּרַכְךָ בְּכֹל מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶךָ יָדַע לֶכְתְּךָ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּר הַגָּדֹל הַזֶּה זֶה אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ עִמָּךְ לֹא חָסַרְתָּ דָּבָר
For HaShem thy G-d hath blessed thee in all the work of thy hand; He hath known thy walking through this great wilderness; these forty years HaShem thy G-d hath been with thee; thou hast lacked nothing.'
Ὁ γὰρ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν εὐλόγησέ σε ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ τῶν χειρῶν σου· διάγνωθι πῶς διῆλθες τὴν ἔρημον τὴν μεγάλην καὶ τὴν φοβερὰν ἐκείνην· ἰδοὺ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου μετὰ σοῦ· οὐκ ἐπεδεήθης ῥήματος.
For the Lord our God has blessed thee in every work of thy hands. Consider how thou wentest through that great and terrible wilderness: behold, the Lord thy God [has been] with thee forty years; thou didst not lack anything.
8
וַנַּעֲבֹר מֵאֵת אַחֵינוּ בְנֵי־עֵשָׂו הַיֹּשְׁבִים בְּשֵׂעִיר מִדֶּרֶךְ הָעֲרָבָה מֵאֵילַת וּמֵעֶצְיֹן גָּבֶר וַנֵּפֶן וַנַּעֲבֹר דֶּרֶךְ מִדְבַּר מוֹאָב
So we passed by from our brethren the children of Esau, that dwell in Seir, from the way of the Arabah, from Elath and from Ezion-geber. And we turned and passed by the way of the wilderness of Moab.
Καὶ παρήλθομεν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἡμῶν υἱοὺς Ἡσαῦ, τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν Σηεὶρ, παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν Ἄραβα ἀπὸ Αἰλὼν καὶ ἀπὸ Γεσιὼν Γάβερ· καὶ ἐπιστρέψαντες παρήλθομεν ὁδὸν ἔρημον Μωάβ.
And we passed by our brethren the children of Esau, who dwelt in Seir, by the way of Arabah from Elath and from Ezion-geber; and we turned and passed by the way of the desert of Moab.
9
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֵלַי אֶל־תָּצַר אֶת־מוֹאָב וְאַל־תִּתְגָּר בָּם מִלְחָמָה כִּי לֹא־אֶתֵּן לְךָ מֵאַרְצוֹ יְרֻשָּׁה כִּי לִבְנֵי־לוֹט נָתַתִּי אֶת־עָר יְרֻשָּׁה
And HaShem said unto me: 'Be not at enmity with Moab, neither contend with them in battle; for I will not give thee of his land for a possession; because I have given Ar unto the children of Lot for a possession.--
Καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς μέ, μὴ ἐχθραίνετε τοῖς Μωαβιταῖς, καὶ μὴ συνάψητε πρὸς αὐτοὺς πόλεμον· οὐ γὰρ μὴ δῶ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν ὑμῖν ἐν κλήρῳ, τοῖς γὰρ υἱοῖς Λὼτ δέδωκα τὴν Ἀροὴρ κληρονομεῖν.
And the Lord said to me, Do not ye quarrel with the Moabites, and do not engage in war with them; for I will not give you of their land for an inheritance, for I have given Ar to the children of Lot to inherit.
10
הָאֵמִים לְפָנִים יָשְׁבוּ בָהּ עַם גָּדוֹל וְרַב וָרָם כָּעֲנָקִים
The Emim dwelt therein aforetime, a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakim;
Οἱ Ὀμμὶν πρότεροι ἐνεκάθηντο ἐπʼ αὐτῆς, ἔθνος μέγα καὶ πολὺ καὶ ἰσχύοντες, ὥσπερ οἱ Ἐνακίμ.
Formerly the Emim dwelt in it, a great and numerous nation and powerful, like the Anakim.
11
רְפָאִים יֵחָשְׁבוּ אַף־הֵם כָּעֲנָקִים וְהַמֹּאָבִים יִקְרְאוּ לָהֶם אֵמִים
these also are accounted Rephaim, as the Anakim; but the Moabites call them Emim.
Ῥαφαῒν λογισθήσονται καὶ οὗτοι ὥσπερ καὶ οἱ Ἐνακίμ· καὶ οἱ Μωαβῖται ἐπονομάζουσιν αὐτοὺς Ὀμμείν.
These also shall be accounted Rephaim like the Anakim; and the Moabites call them Emim.
12
וּבְשֵׂעִיר יָשְׁבוּ הַחֹרִים לְפָנִים וּבְנֵי עֵשָׂו יִירָשׁוּם וַיַּשְׁמִידוּם מִפְּנֵיהֶם וַיֵּשְׁבוּ תַּחְתָּם כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאֶרֶץ יְרֻשָּׁתוֹ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַן יְהוָה לָהֶם
And in Seir dwelt the Horites aforetime, but the children of Esau succeeded them; and they destroyed them from before them, and dwelt in their stead; as Israel did unto the land of his possession, which HaShem gave unto them.--
Καὶ ἐν Σηεὶρ ἐνεκάθητο ὁ Χοῤῥαῖος τὸ πρότερον, καὶ υἱοὶ Ἡσαὺ ἀπώλεσαν αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἐξέτριψαν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν. καὶ κατῳκίσθησαν ἀντʼ αὐτῶν, ὃν τρόπον ἐποίησεν Ἰσραὴλ τὴν γῆν τῆς κληρονομίας αὐτοῦ, ἣν δέδωκε Κύριος αὐτοῖς.
And the Horite dwelt in Seir before, and the sons of Esau destroyed them, and utterly consumed them from before them; and they dwelt in their place, as Israel did to the land of his inheritance, which the Lord gave to them.
13
עַתָּה קֻמוּ וְעִבְרוּ לָכֶם אֶת־נַחַל זָרֶד וַנַּעֲבֹר אֶת־נַחַל זָרֶד
Now rise up, and get you over the brook Zered.' And we went over the brook Zered.
Νῦν οὖν ἀνάστητε καὶ ἀπάρατε ὑμεῖς, καὶ παραπορεύεσθε τὴν φάραγγα Ζάρετ.
Now then, arise ye, [said I], and depart, and cross the Valley of Zered.
14
וְהַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר־הָלַכְנוּ מִקָּדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ עַד אֲשֶׁר־עָבַרְנוּ אֶת־נַחַל זֶרֶד שְׁלֹשִׁים וּשְׁמֹנֶה שָׁנָה עַד־תֹּם כָּל־הַדּוֹר אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה מִקֶּרֶב הַמַּחֲנֶה כַּאֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע יְהוָה לָהֶם
And the days in which we came from Kadesh-barnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, were thirty and eight years; until all the generation, even the men of war, were consumed from the midst of the camp, as HaShem swore unto them.
Καὶ αἱ ἡμέραι ἃς παρεπορεύθημεν ἀπὸ Κάδης Βαρνὴ ἕως οὗ παρήλθομεν τὴν φάραγγα Ζαρὲτ, τριάκοντα καὶ ὀκτὼ ἔτη, ἕως οὗ διέπεσε πᾶσα γενεὰ ἀνδρῶν πολεμιστῶν ἀποθνήσκοντες ἐκ τῆς παρεμβολῆς, καθότι ὤμοσεν Κύριος ὁ
And the days in which we traveled from Kadesh-barnea till we crossed the Valley of Zered, [were] thirty and eight years, until the whole generation of the men of war failed, dying out of the camp, as the Lord God swore to them.
15
וְגַם יַד־יְהוָה הָיְתָה בָּם לְהֻמָּם מִקֶּרֶב הַמַּחֲנֶה עַד תֻּמָּם
Moreover the hand of HaShem was against them, to discomfit them from the midst of the camp, until they were consumed.
Θεός αὐτοὺς. Καὶ ἡ χεὶρ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἦν ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἐξαναλῶσαι αὐτοὺς ἐκ μέσου τῆς παρεμβολῆς ἕως οὗ διέπεσαν.
And the hand of the Lord was upon them to destroy them out of the midst of the camp, until they were consumed.
16
וַיְהִי כַאֲשֶׁר־תַּמּוּ כָּל־אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה לָמוּת מִקֶּרֶב הָעָם
So it came to pass, when all the men of war were consumed and dead from among the people,
Καὶ ἐγενήθη ἐπειδὰν ἔπεσαν πάντες οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ πολεμισταὶ ἀποθνήσκοντες ἐκ μέσου τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ ἐλάλησε
And it came to pass when all the men of war dying out of the midst of the people had fallen,
17
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֵלַי לֵאמֹר
that HaShem spoke unto me saying:
Κύριος πρὸς μὲ, λέγων, σὺ παραπορεύσῃ σήμερον τὰ ὅρια
that the Lord spoke to me, saying,
18
אַתָּה עֹבֵר הַיּוֹם אֶת־גְּבוּל מוֹאָב אֶת־עָר
'Thou art this day to pass over the border of Moab, even Ar;
Μωὰβ τὴν Ἀροὴρ,
Thou shalt pass over this day the borders of Moab to Ar;
19
וְקָרַבְתָּ מוּל בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן אַל־תְּצֻרֵם וְאַל־תִּתְגָּר בָּם כִּי לֹא־אֶתֵּן מֵאֶרֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן לְךָ יְרֻשָּׁה כִּי לִבְנֵי־לוֹט נְתַתִּיהָ יְרֻשָּׁה
and when thou comest nigh over against the children of Ammon, harass them not, nor contend with them; for I will not give thee of the land of the children of Ammon for a possession; because I have given it unto the children of Lot for a possession.--
καὶ προσάξετε ἐγγὺς υἱῶν Ἀμμάν· μὴ ἐχθραίνετε αὐτοῖς, μηδὲ συνάψετε αὐτοῖς εἰς πόλεμον· οὐ γὰρ μὴ δῶ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς υἱῶν Ἀμμάν σοι ἐν κλήρῳ, ὅτι τοῖς υἱοῖς Λὼτ δέδωκα αὐτὴν ἐν κλήρῳ.
and ye shall draw nigh to the children of Ammon: do not quarrel with them, nor wage war with them; for I will not give thee of the land of the children of Ammon for an inheritance, because I have given it to the children of Lot for an inheritance.
20
אֶרֶץ־רְפָאִים תֵּחָשֵׁב אַף־הִוא רְפָאִים יָשְׁבוּ־בָהּ לְפָנִים וְהָעַמֹּנִים יִקְרְאוּ לָהֶם זַמְזֻמִּים
That also is accounted a land of Rephaim: Rephaim dwelt therein aforetime; but the Ammonites call them Zamzummim,
Γὴ Ῥαφαῒν λογισθήσεται, καὶ γὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς κατῴκουν οἱ Ῥαφαῒν τοπρότερον καὶ οἱ Ἀμμανῖται ἐπονομάζουσιν αὐτοὺς Ζοχομμίν.
It shall be accounted a land of Rephaim, for the Rephaim dwelt there before, and the Ammonites call them Zamzummim.
21
עַם גָּדוֹל וְרַב וָרָם כָּעֲנָקִים וַיַּשְׁמִידֵם יְהוָה מִפְּנֵיהֶם וַיִּירָשֻׁם וַיֵּשְׁבוּ תַחְתָּם
a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakim; but HaShem destroyed them before them; and they succeeded them, and dwelt in their stead;
Ἔθνος μέγα καὶ πολὺ καὶ δυνατώτερον ὑμῶν, ὥσπερ καὶ οἱ Ἐνακείμ· καὶ ἀπώλεσεν αὐτοὺς Κύριος πρὸ πρόσωπου αὐτῶν, καὶ κατεκληρονόμησαν καὶ κατῳκίσθησαν, ἀντʼ αὐτῶν ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης.
A great nation and populous, and mightier than you, as also the Anakim: yet the Lord destroyed them from before them, and they inherited [their land], and they dwelt [there] instead of them until this day.
22
כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לִבְנֵי עֵשָׂו הַיֹּשְׁבִים בְּשֵׂעִיר אֲשֶׁר הִשְׁמִיד אֶת־הַחֹרִי מִפְּנֵיהֶם וַיִּירָשֻׁם וַיֵּשְׁבוּ תַחְתָּם עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה
as He did for the children of Esau, that dwell in Seir, when He destroyed the Horites from before them; and they succeeded them, and dwelt in their stead even unto this day;
Ὥσπερ ἐποίησαν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἡσαὺ τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν ἐν Σηείρ, ὃν τρόπον ἐξέτριψαν τὸν Χοῤῥαῖον ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν, καὶ κατεκληρονόμησαν αὐτοὺς, καὶ κατῳκίσθησαν ἀντʼ αὐτῶν ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης.
As they did to the children of Esau that dwell in Seir, even as they destroyed the Horite from before them, and inherited their country, and dwelt [therein] instead of them until this day.
23
וְהָעַוִּים הַיֹּשְׁבִים בַּחֲצֵרִים עַד־עַזָּה כַּפְתֹּרִים הַיֹּצְאִים מִכַּפְתּוֹר הִשְׁמִידֻם וַיֵּשְׁבוּ תַחְתָּם
and the Avvim, that dwelt in villages as far as Gaza, the Caphtorim, that came forth out of Caphtor, destroyed them, and dwelt in their stead.--
Καὶ οἱ Εὐαῖοι οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Ἀσηδὼθ ἕως Γάζης, καὶ οἱ Καππάδοκες οἱ ἐξελθόντες ἐκ Καππαδοκίας, ἐξέτριψαν αὐτοὺς, καὶ κατῳκίσθησαν ἀντʼ αὐτῶν.
And the Avvim who dwell in Asedoth to Gaza, and the Cappadocians who came out of Cappadocia, destroyed them, and dwelt in their room.
24
קוּמוּ סְּעוּ וְעִבְרוּ אֶת־נַחַל אַרְנֹן רְאֵה נָתַתִּי בְיָדְךָ אֶת־סִיחֹן מֶלֶךְ־חֶשְׁבּוֹן ה͏ָאֱמֹרִי וְאֶת־אַרְצוֹ הָחֵל רָשׁ וְהִתְגָּר בּוֹ מִלְחָמָה
Rise ye up, take your journey, and pass over the valley of Arnon; behold, I have given into thy hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land; begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle.
Νῦν οὖν ἀνάστητε καὶ ἀπάρατε, καὶ παρέλθετε ὑμεῖς τὴν φάραγγα Ἀρνών· ἰδοὺ παραδέδωκα εἰς χεῖράς σου τὸν Σηὼν βασιλέα Ἐσεβὼν τὸν Ἀμοῤῥαῖον καὶ τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ· ἐνάρχου κληρονομεῖν· σύναπτε πρὸς αὐτὸν πόλεμον ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ.
Now then arise and depart, and pass over the Valley of Arnon: behold, I have delivered into thy hands Sihon the king of Heshbon the Amorite, and his land: begin to inherit [it]: engage in war with him this day.
25
הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה אָחֵל תֵּת פַּחְדְּךָ וְיִרְאָתְךָ עַל־פְּנֵי הָעַמִּים תַּחַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָיִם אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁמְעוּן שִׁמְעֲךָ וְרָגְזוּ וְחָלוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ
This day will I begin to put the dread of thee and the fear of thee upon the peoples that are under the whole heaven, who, when they hear the report of thee, shall tremble, and be in anguish because of thee.'
Ἐνάρχου δοῦναι τὸν τρόμον σου καὶ τὸν φόβον σου ἐπὶ προσώπου πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν τῶν ὑποκάτω τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, οἵτινες ἀκούσαντες τὸ ὄνομά σου ταραχθήσονται, καὶ ὠδῖνας ἕξουσιν ἀπὸ προσώπου σου.
Begin to put thy terror and thy fear on the face of all the nations under heaven, who shall be troubled when they have heard thy name, and shall be in anguish before thee.
26
וָאֶשְׁלַח מַלְאָכִים מִמִּדְבַּר קְדֵמוֹת אֶל־סִיחוֹן מֶלֶךְ חֶשְׁבּוֹן דִּבְרֵי שָׁלוֹם לֵאמֹר
And I sent messengers out of the wilderness of Kedemoth unto Sihon king of Heshbon with words of peace, saying:
Καὶ ἀπέστειλα πρέσβεις ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμου Κεδαμὼθ πρὸς Σηὼν βασιλέα Ἐσεβὼν λόγοις εἰρηνικοῖς, λέγων,
And I sent ambassadors from the wilderness of Kedemoth to Sihon king of Heshbon with peaceable words, saying,
27
אֶעְבְּרָה בְאַרְצֶךָ בַּדֶּרֶךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֵלֵךְ לֹא אָסוּר יָמִין וּשְׂמֹאול
'Let me pass through thy land; I will go along by the highway, I will neither turn unto the right hand nor to the left.
παρελεύσομαι διὰ τῆς γῆς σου· ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ παρεύσομαι, οὐκ ἐκκλινῶ δεξιὰ οὐδʼ ἀριστερά.
I will pass through thy land: I will go by the road, I will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left.
28
אֹכֶל בַּכֶּסֶף תַּשְׁבִּרֵנִי וְאָכַלְתִּי וּמַיִם בַּכֶּסֶף תִּתֶּן־לִי וְשָׁתִיתִי רַק אֶעְבְּרָה בְרַגְלָי
Thou shalt sell me food for money, that I may eat; and give me water for money, that I may drink; only let me pass through on my feet;
Βρώματα ἀργυρίου ἀποδώσῃ μοι, καὶ φάγομαι· καὶ ὕδωρ ἀργυρίου ἀποδώσῃ μοι, καὶ πίομαι· πλὴν ὅτι παρελεύσομαι τοῖς ποσί·
Thou shalt give me food for money, and I will eat; and thou shalt give me water for money, and I will drink; I will only go through on my feet:
29
כַּאֲשֶׁר ע͏ָשׂוּ־לִי בְּנֵי עֵשָׂו הַיֹּשְׁבִים בְּשֵׂעִיר וְהַמּוֹאָבִים הַיֹּשְׁבִים בְּעָר עַד אֲשֶׁר־אֶעֱבֹר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ נֹתֵן לָנוּ
as the children of Esau that dwell in Seir, and the Moabites that dwell in Ar, did unto me; until I shall pass over the Jordan into the land which HaShem our G-d giveth us.'
Καθὼς ἐποίησάν μοι οἱ υἱοὶ Ἠσαῦ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Σηεὶρ, καὶ οἱ Μωαβῖται οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Ἀροήρ· ἕως παρέλθω τὸν Ἰορδάνην εἰς τὴν γῆν, ἣν Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν δίδωσιν ἡμῖν.
as the sons of Esau did to me, who dwelt in Seir, and the Moabites who dwelt in Ar, until I shall have passed Jordan into the land which the Lord our God gives us.
30
וְלֹא אָבָה סִיחֹן מֶלֶךְ חֶשְׁבּוֹן הַעֲבִרֵנוּ בּוֹ כִּי־הִקְשָׁה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת־רוּחוֹ וְאִמֵּץ אֶת־לְבָבוֹ לְמַעַן תִּתּוֹ בְיָדְךָ כַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה
But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him; for HaShem thy G-d hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that He might deliver him into thy hand, as appeareth this day.
Καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν Σηὼν βασιλεὺς Ἐσεβὼν παρελθεῖν ἡμᾶς διʼ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἐσκλήρυνε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ, καὶ κατίσχυσε τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ, ἵνα παραδοθῇ εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου ὡς ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ.
And Sihon king of Heshbon would not that we should pass by him, because the Lord our God hardened his spirit, and made his heart stubborn, that he might be delivered into thy hands, as on this day.
31
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֵלַי רְאֵה הַחִלֹּתִי תֵּת לְפָנֶיךָ אֶת־סִיחֹן וְאֶת־אַרְצוֹ הָחֵל רָשׁ לָרֶשֶׁת אֶת־אַרְצוֹ
And HaShem said unto me: 'Behold, I have begun to deliver up Sihon and his land before thee; begin to possess his land.'
Καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς μέ ἰδοὺ ἦργμαι παραδοῦναι πρὸ προσώπου σου τὸν Σηὼν βασιλέα Ἐσεβὼν τὸν Ἀμοῤῥαῖον, καὶ τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔναρξαι κληρονομῆσαι τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ.
And the Lord said to me, Behold, I have begun to deliver before thee Sihon the king of Heshbon the Amorite, and his land, and do thou begin to inherit his land.
32
וַיֵּצֵא סִיחֹן לִקְרָאתֵנוּ הוּא וְכָל־עַמּוֹ לַמִּלְחָמָה יָהְצָה
Then Sihon came out against us, he and all his people, unto battle at Jahaz.
Καὶ ἐξῆλθε Σηὼν βασιλεὺς Ἐσεβὼν εἰς συνάντησιν ἡμῖν, αὐτὸς καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς αὐτοῦ, εἰς πόλεμον εἰς Ἰασσά.
And Sihon the king of Heshbon came forth to meet us, he and all his people to war at Jahaz.
33
וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ לְפָנֵינוּ וַנַּךְ אֹתוֹ וְאֶת־בנו בָּנָיו וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּוֹ
And HaShem our G-d delivered him up before us; and we smote him, and his sons, and all his people.
Καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν πρὸ προσώπου ἡμῶν· καὶ ἐπατάξαμεν αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντα τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ.
And the Lord our God delivered him before our face, and we smote him, and his sons, and all his people.
34
וַנִּלְכֹּד אֶת־כָּל־עָרָיו בָּעֵת הַהִוא וַנַּחֲרֵם אֶת־כָּל־עִיר מְתִם וְהַנָּשִׁים וְהַטָּף לֹא הִשְׁאַרְנוּ שָׂרִיד
And we took all his cities at that time, and utterly destroyed every city, the men, and the women, and the little ones; we left none remaining;
Καὶ ἐκρατήσαμεν πασῶν τῶν πόλεων αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐξωλοθρεύσαμεν πᾶσαν πόλιν ἑξῆς, καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν· οὐ κατελίπομεν ζωγρίαν.
And we took possession of all his cities at that time, and we utterly destroyed every city in succession, and their wives, and their children; we left no living prey.
35
רַק הַבְּהֵמָה בָּזַזְנוּ לָנוּ וּשְׁלַל הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר לָכָדְנוּ
only the cattle we took for a prey unto ourselves, with the spoil of the cities which we had taken.
Πλὴν τὰ κτήνη ἐπρονομεύσαμεν, καὶ τὰ σκῦλα τῶν πόλεων ἐλάβομεν
Only we took the cattle captive, and took the spoil of the cities.
36
מֵעֲרֹעֵר אֲשֶׁר עַל־שְׂפַת־נַחַל אַרְנֹן וְהָעִיר אֲשֶׁר בַּנַּחַל וְעַד־הַגִּלְעָד לֹא הָיְתָה קִרְיָה אֲשֶׁר שָׂגְבָה מִמֶּנּוּ אֶת־הַכֹּל נָתַן יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ לְפָנֵינוּ
From Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of Arnon, and from the city that is in the valley, even unto Gilead, there was not a city too high for us: HaShem our G-d delivered up all before us.
ἐξ Ἀροὴρ, ἥ ἐστι παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος χειμάῤῥου Ἀρνών, καὶ τὴν πόλιν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν τῇ φάραγγι, καὶ ἕως ὄρους τοῦ Γαλαάδ· οὐκ ἐγενήθη πόλις ἥτις διέφυγεν ἡμᾶς. τὰς πάσας παρέδωκε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας ἡμῶν.
From Aroer, which is by the brink of the brook of Arnon, and the city which is in the valley, and as far as the mount of Gilead; there was not a city which escaped us: the Lord our God delivered all of them into our hands.
37
רַק אֶל־אֶרֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן לֹא קָרָבְתָּ כָּל־יַד נַחַל יַבֹּק וְעָרֵי הָהָר וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ
Only to the land of the children of Ammon thou camest not near; all the side of the river Jabbok, and the cities of the hill-country, and wheresoever HaShem our G-d forbade us.
Πλὴν ἐγγὺς υἱῶν Ἀμμὰν οὐ προσήλθομεν πάντα τὰ συγκυροῦντα χειμάῤῥου Ἰαβὸκ, καὶ τὰς πόλεις τὰς ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ, καθότι ἐνετείλατο Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν ἡμῖν.
Only we did not draw near to the children of Ammon, even all the parts bordering on the brook Jabbok, and the cities in the mountain country, as the Lord our God charged us.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

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