Textorah

II Kings 9

1
וֶאֱלִישָׁע הַנָּבִיא קָרָא לְאַחַד מִבְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ חֲגֹר מָתְנֶיךָ וְקַח פַּךְ הַשֶּׁמֶן הַזֶּה בְּיָדֶךָ וְלֵךְ רָמֹת גִּלְעָד
And Elisha the prophet called one of the sons of the prophets, and said unto him: 'Gird up thy loins, and take this vial of oil in thy hand, and go to Ramoth-gilead.
Καὶ Ἐλισαιὲ ὁ προφήτης ἐκάλεσεν ἕνα τῶν υἱῶν τῶν προφητῶν, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, ζῶσαι τὴν ὀσφύν σου, καὶ λάβε τὸν φακὸν τοῦ ἐλαίου τούτου ἐν τῇ χειρί σου, καὶ δεῦρο εἰς Ῥεμμὼθ Γαλαάδ.
And Elisha the prophet called one of the sons of the prophets, and said to him, Gird up thy loins, and take this cruse of oil in thy hand, and go to Ramoth-gilead.
2
וּבָאתָ שָׁמָּה וּרְאֵה־שָׁם יֵהוּא בֶן־יְהוֹשָׁפָט בֶּן־נִמְשִׁי וּבָאתָ וַהֲקֵמֹתוֹ מִתּוֹך אֶחָיו וְהֵבֵיאתָ אֹתוֹ חֶדֶר בְּחָדֶר
And when thou comest thither, look out there Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi, and go in, and make him arise up from among his brethren, and carry him to an inner chamber.
Καὶ εἰσελεύσῃ ἐκεῖ, καὶ ὄψει ἐκεῖ Ἰοὺ υἱὸν Ἰωσαφὰτ υἱοῦ Ναμεσσὶ, καὶ εἰσελεύσῃ καὶ ἀναστήσεις αὐτὸν ἐκ μέσου τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἰσάξεις αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ ταμεῖον ἐν ταμείῳ.
And thou shalt enter there, and shalt see there Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi, and shalt go in and make him rise up from among his brethren, and shalt bring him into a secret chamber.
3
וְלָקַחְתָּ פַךְ־הַשֶּׁמֶן וְיָצַקְתָּ עַל־רֹאשׁוֹ וְאָמַרְתָּ כֹּה־אָמַר יְהוָה מְשַׁחְתִּיךָ לְמֶלֶךְ אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפָתַחְתָּ הַדֶּלֶת וְנַסְתָּה וְלֹא תְחַכֶּה
Then take the vial of oil, and pour it on his head, and say: Thus saith HaShem: I have anointed thee king over Israel. Then open the door, and flee, and tarry not.'
Καὶ λήψῃ τὸν φακὸν τοῦ ἐλαίου, καὶ ἐπιχεεῖς ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἰπον, τάδε λέγει Κύριος, κέχρικά σε εἰς βασιλέα ἐπὶ Ἰσραήλ· καὶ ἀνοίξεις τὴν θύραν, καὶ φεύξῃ καὶ οὐ μενεῖς.
And thou shalt take the cruse of oil, and pour [it] on his head, and say thou, Thus saith the Lord, I have anointed thee king over Israel: and thou shalt open the door, and flee, and not tarry.
4
וַיֵּלֶךְ הַנַּעַר הַנַּעַר הַנָּבִיא רָמֹת גִּלְעָד
So the young man, even the young man the prophet, went to Ramoth-gilead.
Καὶ ἐπορεύθη τὸ προδάριον ὁ παιφήτης εἰς Ῥεμμὼθ Γαλαάδ.
And the young man the prophet went to Ramoth-gilead.
5
וַיָּבֹא וְהִנֵּה שָׂרֵי הַחַיִל יֹשְׁבִים וַיֹּאמֶר דָּבָר לִי אֵלֶיךָ הַשָּׂר וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא אֶל־מִי מִכֻּלָּנוּ וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלֶיךָ הַשָּׂר
And when he came, behold, the captains of the host were sitting; and he said: 'I have an errand to thee, O captain.' And Jehu said: 'Unto which of us all?' And he said: 'To thee, O captain.'
Καὶ εἰσῆλθε· καὶ ἰδοὺ οἱ ἄρχοντες τῆς δυνάμεως ἐκάθηντο, καὶ εἶπε, λόγος μοι πρὸς σὲ ὁ ἄρχων· καὶ εἶπεν Ἰοὺ, πρὸς τίνα ἐκ πάντων ἡμῶν; καὶ εἶπε, πρὸς σέ ὁ ἄρχων.
And he went in, and, behold, the captains of the host were sitting; and he said, I have a message to thee, O captain. And Jehu said, To which of all us? And he said, To thee, O captain.
6
וַיָּקָם וַיָּבֹא הַבַּיְתָה וַיִּצֹק הַשֶּׁמֶן אֶל־רֹאשׁוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ כֹּה־אָמַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מְשַׁחְתִּיךָ לְמֶלֶךְ אֶל־עַם יְהוָה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵל
And he arose, and went into the house; and he poured the oil on his head, and said unto him: 'Thus saith HaShem, the G-d of Israel: I have anointed thee king over the people of HaShem, even over Israel.
Καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον, καὶ ἐπέχεε τὸ ἔλαιον ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, τάδε λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσραήλ, κέχρικά σε εἰς βασιλέα ἐπὶ λαὸν Κυρίου ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ.
And he arose, and went into the house: and he poured the oil upon his head, and said to him, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, I have anointed thee to be king over the people of the Lord, even over Israel.
7
וְהִכִּיתָה אֶת־בֵּית אַחְאָב אֲדֹנֶיךָ וְנִקַּמְתִּי דְּמֵי עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים וּדְמֵי כָּל־עַבְדֵי יְהוָה מִיַּד אִיזָבֶל
And thou shalt smite the house of Ahab thy master, that I may avenge the blood of My servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of HaShem, at the hand of Jezebel.
Καὶ ἐξολοθρεύσεις τὸν οἶκον Ἀχαὰβ τοῦ κυρίου σου ἐκ προσώπου σου, καὶ ἐκδικὴσεις τὰ αἵματα τῶν δούλων μου τῶν προφητῶν, καὶ τὰ αἵματα πάντων τῶν δούλων Κυρίου ἐκ χειρὸς Ἰεζάβελ,
And thou shalt utterly destroy the house of Ahab thy master from before me, and shalt avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of the Lord, at the hand of Jezebel,
8
וְאָבַד כָּל־בֵּית אַחְאָב וְהִכְרַתִּי לְאַחְאָב מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר וְעָצוּר וְעָזוּב בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל
For the whole house of Ahab shall perish; and I will cut off from Ahab every man-child, and him that is shut up and him that is left at large in Israel.
καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς ὅλου τοῦ οἴκου Ἀχαὰβ, καὶ ἐξολθρεύσεις τῷ οἴκῳ Ἀχαὰβ οὐροῦντα πρὸς τοῖχον, καὶ συνεχόμενον καὶ ἐγκαταλελειμμένον ἐν Ἰσραήλ.
and at the hand of the whole house of Ahab: and thou shalt utterly cut off from the house of Ahab every male, and him that is shut up and left in Israel.
9
וְנָתַתִּי אֶת־בֵּית אַחְאָב כְּבֵית יָרָבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט וּכְבֵית בַּעְשָׁא בֶן־אֲחִיָּה
And I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasa the son of Ahijah.
Καὶ δώσω τὸν οἶκον Ἀχαὰβ ὡς τὸν οἶκον Ἰεροβοὰμ υἱοῦ Ναβὰτ, καὶ ὡς τὸν οἶκον Βαασὰ υἱοῦ Ἀχιά.
And I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and as the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah.
10
וְאֶת־אִיזֶבֶל יֹאכְלוּ הַכְּלָבִים בְּחֵלֶק יִזְרְעֶאל וְאֵין קֹבֵר וַיִּפְתַּח הַדֶּלֶת וַיָּנֹס
And the dogs shall eat Jezebel in the portion of Jezreel, and there shall be none to bury her.' And he opened the door, and fled.
Καὶ τὴν Ἰεζάβελ καταφάγονται οἱ κύνες ἐν τῇ μερίδι Ἰσζράελ, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ θάπτων· καὶ ἤνοιξε τὴν θύραν καὶ ἔφυγε.
And the dogs shall eat Jezebel in the portion of Jezreel, and there shall be none to bury her. And he opened the door, and fled.
11
וְיֵהוּא יָצָא אֶל־עַבְדֵי אֲדֹנָיו וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ הֲשָׁלוֹם מַדּוּעַ בָּא־הַמְשֻׁגָּע הַזֶּה אֵלֶיךָ וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם אַתֶּם יְדַעְתֶּם אֶת־הָאִישׁ וְאֶת־שִׂיחוֹ
Then Jehu came forth to the servants of his lord; and one said unto him: 'Is all well? wherefore came this mad fellow to thee?' And he said unto them: 'Ye know the man and what his talk was.'
Καὶ Ἰοὺ ἐξῆλθε πρὸς τοὺς παῖδας τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῷ, εἰρήνη; τί ὅτι εἰσῆλθεν ὁ ἐπίληπτος οὗτος πρὸς σέ; καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, ὑμεῖς οἴδατε τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὴν ἀδολεσχίαν αὐτοῦ.
And Jehu went forth to the servants of his lord, and they said to him, [Is] all well? Why came this mad fellow in to thee? And he said to them, Ye know the man, and his communication.
12
וַיֹּאמְרוּ שֶׁקֶר הַגֶּד־נָא לָנוּ וַיֹּאמֶר כָּזֹאת וְכָזֹאת אָמַר אֵלַי לֵאמֹר כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה מְשַׁחְתִּיךָ לְמֶלֶךְ אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵל
And they said: 'It is false; tell us now.' And he said: `Thus and thus spoke he to me, saying: Thus saith HaShem: I have anointed thee king over Israel.'
Καὶ εἶπον, ἄδικον, ἀπάγγειλον δὴ ἡμῖν. Καὶ εἶπεν Ἰοὺ πρὸς αὐτοὺς, οὕτω καὶ οὕτω ἐλάλησε πρὸς μὲ, λέγων, καὶ εἶπε, τάδε λέγει Κύριος, κέχρικά σε εἰς βασιλέα ἐπὶ Ἰσραήλ.
And they said, [It is] wrong: tell us now. And Jehu said to them, Thus and thus spoke he to me, saying—and he said, Thus saith the Lord, I have anointed thee to be king over Israel.
13
וַיְמַהֲרוּ וַיִּקְחוּ אִישׁ בִּגְדוֹ וַיָּשִׂימוּ תַחְתָּיו אֶל־גֶּרֶם הַמַּעֲלוֹת וַיִּתְקְעוּ בַּשּׁוֹפָר וַיֹּאמְרוּ מָלַךְ יֵהוּא
Then they hastened, and took every man his garment, and put it under him on the top of the stairs, and blew the horn, saying: 'Jehu is king.'
καὶ ἀκούσαντες ἔσπευσαν, καὶ ἔλαβεν ἕκαστος τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔθηκαν ὑποκάτω αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ γαρὲμ τῶν ἀναβάθμων· καὶ ἐσάλπισαν ἐν κερατίνῃ, καὶ εἶπαν, ἐβασίλευσεν Ἰού.
And when they heard it, they hastened, and took every man his garment, and put it under him on the top of the stairs, and blew with the trumpet, and said, Jehu is king.
14
וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁר יֵהוּא בֶּן־יְהוֹשָׁפָט בֶּן־נִמְשִׁי אֶל־יוֹרָם וְיוֹרָם הָיָה שֹׁמֵר בְּרָמֹת גִּלְעָד הוּא וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִפְּנֵי חֲזָאֵל מֶלֶךְ־אֲרָם
So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against Joram. --Now Joram had been guarding Ramoth-gilead, he and all Israel, because of Hazael king of Aram;
Καὶ συνεστράφη Ἰοὺ υἱὸς Ἰωσαφὰτ υἱοῦ Ναμεσσὶ πρὸς Ἰωράμ· καὶ Ἰωρὰμ αὐτὸς ἐφύλασσεν ἐν Ῥεμμὼθ Γαλαὰδ, καὶ πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ ἀπὸ προσώπου Ἀζαὴλ βασιλέως Συρίας.
So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against Joram, and Joram was defending Ramoth-gilead, he and all Israel, because of Hazael king of Syria.
15
וַיָּשָׁב יְהוֹרָם הַמֶּלֶךְ לְהִתְרַפֵּא בִיְזְרְעֶאל מִן־הַמַּכִּים אֲשֶׁר יַכֻּהוּ אֲרַמִּים בְּהִלָּחֲמוֹ אֶת־חֲזָאֵל מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא אִם־יֵשׁ נַפְשְׁכֶם אַל־יֵצֵא פָלִיט מִן־הָעִיר לָלֶכֶת לגיד לְהַגִּיד בְּיִזְרְעֶאל
but king Joram was returned to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Arameans had given him, when he fought with Hazael king of Aram. --And Jehu said: 'If this be your mind, then let none escape and go forth out of the city, to go to tell it in Jezreel.'
Καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν Ἰωρὰμ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἰατρευθῆναι ἐν Ἰσζράελ ἀπὸ τῶν πληγῶν ὧν ἔπαισαν αὐτὸν οἱ Σύροι ἐν τῷ πολεμεῖν αὐτὸς μετὰ Ἀζαὴλ βασιλέως Συρίας. Καὶ εἶπεν Ἰοὺ, εἰ ἔστι ψυχὴ ὑμῶν μετʼ ἐμοῦ, μὴ ἐξελθέτω ἐκ τῆς πόλεως διαπεφευγὼς τοῦ πορευθῆναι καὶ ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἐν Ἰεζράελ.
And King Joram had returned to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Syrians had given him, in his war with Hazael king of Syria. And Jehu said, If your heart is with me, let there not go forth out of the city one fugitive to go and report to Jezreel.
16
וַיִּרְכַּב יֵהוּא וַיֵּלֶךְ יִזְרְעֶאלָה כִּי יוֹרָם שֹׁכֵב שָׁמָּה ו͏ַאֲחַזְיָה מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה יָרַד לִרְאוֹת אֶת־יוֹרָם
So Jehu rode in a chariot, and went to Jezreel; for Joram lay there. And Ahaziah king of Judah was come down to see Joram.
Καὶ ἵππευσε καὶ ἐπορεύθη Ἰοὺ, καὶ κατέβη εἰς Ἰεζράελ, ὅτι Ἰωρὰμ βασιλεὺς Ἰσραὴλ ἐθεραπεύετο ἐν τῷ Ἰεζράελ ἀπὸ τῶν τοξευμάτων, ὧν κατετόξευσαν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἀραμὶν ἐν τῇ Ῥαμμὰθ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ μετὰ Ἁζαὴλ βασιλέως Συρίας, ὅτι αὐτὸς δυνατὸς καὶ ἀνὴρ δυνάμεως· καὶ Ὀχοζίας βασιλεὺς Ἰούδα κατέβη ἰδεῖν τὸν Ἰωράμ.
And Jehu rode and advanced, and came down to Jezreel; for Joram king of Israel was getting healed in Jezreel of the arrow wounds wherewith the Syrians [had] wounded him in Ramah in the war with Hazael king of Syria; for he [was] strong and a mighty man: and Ahaziah king of Judah was come down to see Joram.
17
וְהַצֹּפֶה עֹמֵד עַל־הַמִּגְדָּל בְּיִזְרְעֶאל וַיַּרְא אֶת־שִׁפְעַת יֵהוּא בְּבֹאוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר שִׁפְעַת אֲנִי רֹאֶה וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוֹרָם קַח רַכָּב וּשְׁלַח לִקְרָאתָם וְיֹאמַר הֲשָׁלוֹם
Now the watchman stood on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the company of Jehu as he came, and said: 'I see a company.' And Joram said: 'Take a horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say: Is it peace?'
Καὶ ὁ σκοπὸς ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸν πύργον Ἰεζράελ, καὶ εἶδε τὸν κονιορτὸν Ἰοὺ ἐν τῷ παραγίνεσθαι αὐτὸν, καὶ εἶπε, Κονιορτὸν ἐγὼ βλέπω· καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωρὰμ, λάβε ἐπιβάτην, καὶ ἀπόστειλον ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν, καὶ εἰπάτω ἡ εἰρήνη.
And there went up a watchman upon the tower of Jezreel, and saw the dust [made by] Jehu as he approached; and he said, I see dust. And Joram said, Take a horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say, Peace.
18
וַיֵּלֶךְ רֹכֵב הַסּוּס לִקְרָאתוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר כֹּה־אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ הֲשָׁלוֹם וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא מַה־לְּךָ וּלְשָׁלוֹם סֹב אֶל־אַחֲרָי וַיַּגֵּד הַצֹּפֶה לֵאמֹר בָּא־הַמַּלְאָךְ עַד־הֵם וְלֹא־שָׁב
So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said: 'Thus saith the king: Is it peace?' And Jehu said: 'What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.' And the watchman told, saying: 'The messenger came to them, but he cometh not back.'
Καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐπιβάτης ἵππου εἰς ἀπαντὴν αὐτῶν, καὶ εἶπε, τάδε λέγει ὁ βασιλεὺς, ἡ εἰρήνη· καὶ εἶπεν Ἰού, τί σοι καὶ εἰρήνῃ; ἐπίστρεφε εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω μου· καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν ὁ σκοπὸς, λέγων, ἦλθεν ὁ ἄγγελος ἕως αὐτῶν, καὶ οὐκ ἀνέστρεψε.
And there went a horseman to meet them, and said, Thus says the king, Peace. And Jehu said, What hast thou to do with peace? turn behind me. And the watchman reported, saying, The messenger came up to them, and has not returned.
19
וַיִּשְׁלַח רֹכֵב סוּס שֵׁנִי וַיָּבֹא אֲלֵהֶם וַיֹּאמֶר כֹּה־אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ שָׁלוֹם וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא מַה־לְּךָ וּלְשָׁלוֹם סֹב אֶל־אַחֲרָי
Then he sent out a second on horseback, who came to them, and said: 'Thus saith the king: Is it peace?' And Jehu answered: `What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.'
Καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ἐπιβάτην ἵππου δεύτερον, καὶ ἦλθε πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπε, τάδε λέγει ὁ βασιλεύς, ἡ εἰρήνη· καὶ εἶπεν Ἰοὺ, τί σοι καὶ εἰρήνῃ; ἐπιστρέφου εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω μου.
And he sent another horseman, and he came to him, and said, Thus says the king, Peace. And Jehu said, What hast thou to do with peace? turn behind me.
20
וַיַּגֵּד הַצֹּפֶה לֵאמֹר בָּא עַד־אֲלֵיהֶם וְלֹא־שָׁב וְהַמִּנְהָג כְּמִנְהַג יֵהוּא בֶן־נִמְשִׁי כִּי בְשִׁגָּעוֹן יִנְהָג
And the watchman told, saying: 'He came even unto them, and cometh not back; and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.'
Καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν ὁ σκοπὸς, λέγων, ἦλθεν ἕως αὐτῶν καὶ οὐκ ἀνέστρεψε, καὶ ὁ ἄγων ἦγε τὸν Ἰοὺ υἱὸν Ναμεσσὶ, ὅτι ἐν παραλλαγῇ ἐγένετο.
And the watchman reported, saying, He came up to them, and has not returned: and the driver drives Jehu the son of Nimshi, for it is with furious [haste].
21
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוֹרָם אֱסֹר וַיֶּאְסֹר רִכְבּוֹ וַיֵּצֵא יְהוֹרָם מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲחַזְיָהוּ מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה אִישׁ בְּרִכְבּוֹ וַיֵּצְאוּ לִקְרַאת יֵהוּא וַיִּמְצָאֻהוּ בְּחֶלְקַת נָבוֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִי
And Joram said: 'Make ready.' And they made ready his chariot. And Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah went out, each in his chariot, and they went out to meet Jehu, and found him in the portion of Naboth the Jezreelite.
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωρὰμ, ζεῦξον· καὶ ἔζευξεν ἅρμα· καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ἰωρὰμ βασιλεὺς Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ Ὀχοζίας βασιλεὺς Ἰούδα, ἀνὴρ ἐν τῷ ἅρματι αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξῆλθον εἰς ἀπαντὴν Ἰοὺ, καὶ εὗρον αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ μερίδι Ναβουθαὶ τοῦ Ἰεζραηλίτου.
And Joram said, Make ready. And one made ready the chariot: and Joram the king of Israel went forth, and Ahaziah king of Judah, each in his chariot, and they went to meet Jehu, and found him in the portion of Naboth the Jezreelite.
22
וַיְהִי כִּרְאוֹת יְהוֹרָם אֶת־יֵהוּא וַיֹּאמֶר הֲשָׁלוֹם יֵהוּא וַיֹּאמֶר מָה הַשָּׁלוֹם עַד־זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל אִמְּךָ וּכְשָׁפֶיהָ הָרַבִּים
And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said: 'Is it peace, Jehu?' And he answered: 'What peace, so long as the harlotries of thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?'
Καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς εἶδεν Ἰωρὰμ τὸν Ἰοὺ, καὶ εἶπεν, ἡ εἰρήνη Ἰοὺ; καὶ εἶπεν Ἰού, τί εἰρήνη; ἔτι αἱ πορνεῖαι Ἰεζάβελ τῆς μητρός σου καὶ τὰ φάρμακα αὐτῆς τὰ πολλά.
And it came to pass when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, [Is it] peace, Jehu? And Jehu said, How [can it be] peace? as yet [there are] the whoredoms of thy mother Jezebel, and her abundant witchcrafts.
23
וַיַּהֲפֹךְ יְהוֹרָם יָדָיו וַיָּנֹס וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־אֲחַזְיָהוּ מִרְמָה אֲחַזְיָה
And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah: `There is treachery, O Ahaziah.'
Καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν Ἰωρὰμ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔφυγε· καὶ εἶπε πρὸς Ὀχοζίαν, δόλος Ὀχοζία.
And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, Treachery, Ahaziah.
24
וְיֵהוּא מִלֵּא יָדוֹ בַקֶּשֶׁת וַיַּךְ אֶת־יְהוֹרָם בֵּין זְרֹעָיו וַיֵּצֵא הַחֵצִי מִלִּבּוֹ וַיִּכְרַע בְּרִכְבּוֹ
And Jehu drew his bow with his full strength, and smote Joram between his arms, and the arrow went out at his heart, and he sunk down in his chariot.
Καὶ ἔπλησεν Ἰοὺ τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ τόξῳ, καὶ ἐπάταξε τὸν Ἰωρὰμ ἀνὰμέσον τῶν βραχιόνων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξῆλθε τὸ βέλος αὐτοῦ διὰ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔκαμψεν ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατα αὐτοῦ.
And Jehu bent his bow with his full strength, and smote Joram between his arms, and his arrow went out at his heart, and he bowed upon his knees.
25
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־בִּדְקַר שלשה שָׁלִשׁוֹ שָׂא הַשְׁלִכֵהוּ בְּחֶלְקַת שְׂדֵה נָבוֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִי כִּי־זְכֹר אֲנִי וָאַתָּה אֵת רֹכְבִים צְמָדִים אַחֲרֵי אַחְאָב אָבִיו וַיהוָה נָשָׂא עָלָיו אֶת־הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה
Then said Jehu to Bidkar his captain: 'Take up, and cast him in the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite; for remember how that, when I and thou rode together after Ahab his father, HaShem pronounced this burden against him:
Καὶ εἶπε πρὸς Βαδεκὰρ τὸν τριστάτην αὐτοῦ, ῥίψον αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ μερίδι ἀγροῦ Ναβουθαὶ τοῦ Ἰεζραηλίτου, ὅτι μνημονεύω ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ ἐπιβεβηκότες ἐπὶ ζεύγη ὀπίσω Ἀχαὰβ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ Κύριος ἔλαβεν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὸ λῆμμα τοῦτο·
And [Jehu] said to Bidkar his chief officer, Cast him into the portion of ground of Naboth the Jezreelite, for I and thou remember, riding [as we were] on chariots after Ahab his father, that the Lord took up this burden against him, [saying],
26
אִם־לֹא אֶת־דְּמֵי נָבוֹת וְאֶת־דְּמֵי בָנָיו רָאִיתִי אֶמֶשׁ נְאֻם־יְהוָה וְשִׁלַּמְתִּי לְךָ בַּחֶלְקָה הַזֹּאת נְאֻם־יְהוָה וְעַתָּה שָׂא הַשְׁלִכֵהוּ בַּחֶלְקָה כִּדְבַר יְהוָה
Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth, and the blood of his sons, saith HaShem; and I will requite thee in this plot, saith HaShem. Now therefore take and cast him into the plot of ground, according to the word of HaShem.'
Εἰ μὴ τὰ αἵματα Ναβουθαὶ καὶ τὰ αἵματα τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ εἶδον ἐχθὲς, φησὶ Κύριος, καὶ ἀνταποδώσω αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ μερίδι ταύτῃ, φησὶ Κύριος· καὶ νῦν ἄρας δὴ ῥίψον αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ μερίδι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου.
Surely, I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth, and the blood of his sons, saith the Lord; and I will recompense him in this portion, saith the Lord. Now then, I pray thee, take him up and cast him into the portion, according to the word of the Lord.
27
וַאֲחַזְיָה מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה רָאָה וַיָּנָס דֶּרֶךְ בֵּית הַגָּן וַיִּרְדֹּף אַחֲרָיו יֵהוּא וַיֹּאמֶר גַּם־אֹתוֹ הַכֻּהוּ אֶל־הַמֶּרְכָּבָה בְּמַעֲלֵה־גוּר אֲשֶׁר אֶת־יִבְלְעָם וַיָּנָס מְגִדּוֹ וַיָּמָת שָׁם
But when Ahaziah the king of Judah saw this, he fled by the way of the garden-house. And Jehu followed after him, and said: 'Smite him also in the chariot'; and they smote him at the ascent of Gur, which is by Ibleam. And he fled to Megiddo, and died there.
Καὶ Ὀχοζίας βασιλεὺς Ἰούδα εἶδε καὶ ἔφυγεν ὁδὸν Βαιθγάν· καὶ ἐδίωξεν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ Ἰοὺ, καὶ εἶπε, καί γε αὐτόν· καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν πρὸς τῷ ἅρματι ἐν τῷ ἀναβαίνειν Γαῒ, ἥ ἐστιν Ἰεβλαάμ· καὶ ἔφυγεν εἰς Μαγεδδὼ, καὶ ἀπέθανεν ἐκεῖ.
And Ahaziah king of Judah saw [it], and fled by the way of Beth-haggan. And Jehu pursued after him, and said, [Slay] him also. And one smote him in the chariot at the going up of Gur, which is Ibleam: and he fled to Megiddo, and died there.
28
וַיַּרְכִּבוּ אֹתוֹ עֲבָדָיו יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ְמָה וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ בִקְבֻרָתוֹ עִם־אֲבֹתָיו בְּעִיר דָּוִד
And his servants carried him in a chariot to Jerusalem, and buried him in his sepulchre with his fathers in the city of David.
Καὶ ἐπεβίβασαν αὐτὸν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ἅρμα, καὶ ἤγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ τάφῳ αὐτοῦ ἐν πόλει Δαυίδ.
And his servants put him on a chariot, and brought him to Jerusalem, and they buried him in his sepulcher in the city of David.
29
וּבִשְׁנַת אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה לְיוֹרָם בֶּן־אַחְאָב מָלַךְ אֲחַזְיָה עַל־יְהוּדָה
And in the eleventh year of Joram the son of Ahab began Ahaziah to reign over Judah.
Καὶ ἐν ἔτει ἑνδεκάτῳ Ἰωρὰμ βασιλέως Ἰσραὴλ ἐβασίλευσεν Ὀχοζίας ἐπὶ Ἰούδαν.
And in the eleventh year of Joram king of Israel, Ahaziah began to reign over Judah.
30
וַיָּבוֹא יֵהוּא יִזְרְעֶאלָה וְאִיזֶבֶל שָׁמְעָה וַתָּשֶׂם בַּפּוּךְ עֵינֶיהָ וַתֵּיטֶב אֶת־רֹאשָׁהּ וַתַּשְׁקֵף בְּעַד הַחַלּוֹן
And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she painted her eyes, and attired her head, and looked out at the window.
Καὶ ἦλθεν Ἰοὺ ἐπὶ Ἰεζράελ· καὶ Ἰεζάβελ ἤκουσε, καὶ ἐστιμμίσατο τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῆς, καὶ ἠγάθυνε τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς, καὶ διέκυψε διὰ τῆς θυρίδος.
And Jehu came to Jezreel; and Jezebel heard [of it], and colored her eyes, and adorned her head, and looked through the window.
31
וְיֵהוּא בָּא בַשָּׁעַר וַתֹּאמֶר הֲשָׁלוֹם זִמְרִי הֹרֵג אֲדֹנָיו
And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she said: 'Is it peace, thou Zimri, thy master's murderer?'
Καὶ Ἰοὺ εἰσεπορεύετο ἐν τῇ πόλει, καὶ εἶπε, ἡ εἰρήνη Ζαμβρὶ ὁ φονευτὴς τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ;
And Jehu entered into the city; and she said, Had Zimri, the murderer of his master, peace?
32
וַיִּשָּׂא פָנָיו אֶל־הַחַלּוֹן וַיֹּאמֶר מִי אִתִּי מִי וַיַּשְׁקִיפוּ אֵלָיו שְׁנַיִם שְׁלֹשָׁה סָרִיסִים
And he lifted up his face to the window, and said: 'Who is on my side? who?' And there looked out to him two or three officers.
Καὶ ἐπῇρε τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν θυρίδα, καὶ εἶδεν αὐτὴν, καὶ εἶπε, τίς εἶ σύ; κατάβηθι μετʼ ἐμοῦ· καὶ κατέκυψαν πρὸς αὐτὸν δύο εὐνοῦχοι.
And he lifted up his face toward the window, and saw her, and said, Who art thou? Come down with me. And two eunuchs looked down toward him.
33
וַיֹּאמֶר שמטהו שִׁמְטוּהָ וַיִּשְׁמְטוּהָ וַיִּז מִדָּמָהּ אֶל־הַקִּיר וְאֶל־הַסּוּסִים וַיִּרְמְסֶנָּה
And he said: 'Throw her down.' So they threw her down; and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses; and she was trodden under foot.
Καὶ εἶπε, κυλίσατε αὐτήν· καὶ ἐκύλισαν αὐτὴν, καὶ ἐῤῥαντίσθη τοῦ αἵματος αὐτῆς πρὸς τὸν τοῖχον καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἵππους, καὶ συνεπάτησαν αὐτήν.
And he said, Throw her [down]. And they threw her [down]; and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and they trampled on her.
34
וַיָּבֹא וַיֹּאכַל וַיֵּשְׁתְּ וַיֹּאמֶר פִּקְדוּ־נָא אֶת־הָאֲרוּרָה הַזֹּאת וְקִבְרוּהָ כִּי בַת־מֶלֶךְ הִיא
And when he was come in, he did eat and drink; and he said: 'Look now after this cursed woman, and bury her; for she is a king's daughter.'
Καὶ εἰσῆλθε καὶ ἔφαγε καὶ ἔπιεν, καὶ εἶπε, ἐπισκέψασθε δὴ τὴν κατηραμένην ταύτην, καὶ θάψατε αὐτὴν, ὅτι θυλάτηρ βασιλέως ἐστί.
And [Jehu] went in and ate and drank, and said, Look now, after this cursed woman, and bury her, for she is a king’s daughter.
35
וַיֵּלְכוּ לְקָבְרָהּ וְלֹא־מָצְאוּ בָהּ כִּי אִם־הַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת וְהָרַגְלַיִם וְכַפּוֹת הַיָּדָיִם
And they went to bury her; but they found no more of her than the skull, and the feet, and the palms of her hands.
Καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν θάψαι αὐτὴν, καὶ οὐχ εὗρον ἐν αὐτῇ ἄλλο τι ἢ τὸ κρανίον καὶ οἱ πόδες καὶ τὰ ἴχνη τῶν χειρῶν.
And they went to bury her; but they found nothing of her but the skull, and the feet, and the palms of her hands.
36
וַיָּשֻׁבוּ וַיַּגִּידוּ לוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר דְּבַר־יְהוָה הוּא אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר בְּיַד־עַבְדּוֹ אֵלִיָּהוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּי לֵאמֹר בְּחֵלֶק יִזְרְעֶאל יֹאכְלוּ הַכְּלָבִים אֶת־בְּשַׂר אִיזָבֶל
Wherefore they came back, and told him. And he said: 'This is the word of HaShem, which He spoke by His servant Elijah the Tishbite, saying: In the portion of Jezreel shall the dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel;
Καὶ ἐπέστρεψαν καὶ ἀνήγγειλαν αὐτῷ· καὶ εἶπε, λόγος Κυρίου ὃν ἐλάλησεν ἐν χειρὶ Ἠλιοὺ τοῦ Θεσβίτου, λέγων, ἐν τῇ μερίδι Ἰεζρὰελ καταφάγονται οἱ κύνες τὰς σάρκας Ἰεζάβελ.
And they returned and told him. And he said, [It is] the word of the Lord, which he spoke by the hand of Elijah the Tishbite, saying, In the portion of Jezreel shall the dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel.
37
והית וְהָיְתָה נִבְלַת אִיזֶבֶל כְּדֹמֶן עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה בְּחֵלֶק יִזְרְעֶאל אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יֹאמְרוּ זֹאת אִיזָבֶל
and the carcass of Jezebel shall be as dung upon the face of the field in the portion of Jezreel; so that they shall not say: This is Jezebel.'
Καὶ ἔσται τὸ θνησιμαῖον Ἰεζάβελ ὡς κοπρία ἐπὶ προσώπου τοῦ ἀγροῦ ἐν τῇ μερίδι Ἰεζραλ, ὥστε μὴ εἰπεῖν αὐτοὺς, Ἰεζάβελ.
And the carcass of Jezebel shall be as dung on the face of the field in the portion of Jezreel, so that they shall not say, [This is] Jezebel.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

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