Textorah

II Kings 4

1
וְאִשָּׁה אַחַת מִנְּשֵׁי בְנֵי־הַנְּבִיאִים צָעֲקָה אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע לֵאמֹר עַבְדְּךָ אִישִׁי מֵת וְאַתָּה יָדַעְתָּ כִּי עַבְדְּךָ הָיָה יָרֵא אֶת־יְהוָה וְהַנֹּשֶׁה בָּא לָקַחַת אֶת־שְׁנֵי יְלָדַי לוֹ לַעֲבָדִים
Now there cried a certain woman of the wives of the sons of the prophets unto Elisha, saying: 'Thy servant my husband is dead; and thou knowest that thy servant did fear HaShem; and the creditor is come to take unto him my two children to be bondmen.'
Καὶ γυνὴ μία ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν τῶν προφητῶν ἐβόα πρὸς τὸν Ἑλισαῖε, λέγουσα, ὁ δοῦλός σου ἀνήρ μου ἀπέθανε, καὶ σὺ ἔγνως, ὅτι δοῦλὸς σου ἦν φοβούμενος τὸν Κύριον· καὶ ὁ δανειστὴς ἦλθε λαβεῖν τοὺς δύο υἱούς μου ἑαυτῷ εἰς δούλους.
And one of the wives of the sons of the prophets cried to Elisha, saying, Thy servant my husband is dead; and thou knowest that thy servant feared the Lord: and the creditor is come to take my two sons to be his servants.
2
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלֶיהָ אֱלִישָׁע מָה א͏ֶעֱשֶׂה־לָּךְ הַגִּידִי לִי מַה־יֶּשׁ־לכי לָךְ בַּבָּיִת וַתֹּאמֶר אֵין לְשִׁפְחָתְךָ כֹל בַּבַּיִת כִּי אִם־אָסוּךְ שָׁמֶן
And Elisha said unto her: `What shall I do for thee? tell me; what hast thou in the house?' And she said: 'Thy handmaid hath not any thing in the house, save a pot of oil.'
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἑλισαιὲ, τί ποιήσω σοι; ἀνάγγειλόν μοι τί ἐστι σοι ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ; ἡ δὲ εἶπεν, οὐκ ἔστι τῇ δούλῃ σου οὐδὲν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ, ὅτι ἀλλʼ ἢ ὃ ἀλείψομαι ἔλαιον.
And Elisha said, What shall I do for thee? tell me what thou hast in the house. And she said, Thy servant has nothing in the house, except oil wherewith I anoint myself.
3
וַיֹּאמֶר לְכִי שַׁאֲלִי־לָךְ כֵּלִים מִן־הַחוּץ מֵאֵת כָּל־שכנכי שְׁכֵנָיִךְ כֵּלִים רֵקִים אַל־תַּמְעִיטִי
Then he said: 'Go, borrow thee vessels abroad of all thy neighbours, even empty vessels; borrow not a few.
Καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτήν, δεῦρο, αἴτησαι σεαυτῇ σκεύη ἔξωθεν παρὰ πάντων τῶν γειτόνων σκεύη κενὰ, μὴ ὀλιγώσῃς.
And he said to her, Go, borrow for thyself vessels without of all thy neighbors, [even] empty vessels; borrow not a few.
4
וּבָאת וְסָגַרְתְּ הַדֶּלֶת בַּעֲדֵךְ וּבְעַד־בָּנַיִךְ וְיָצַקְתְּ עַל כָּל־הַכֵּלִים הָאֵלֶּה וְהַמָּלֵא תַּסִּיעִי
And thou shalt go in, and shut the door upon thee and upon thy sons, and pour out into all those vessels; and thou shalt set aside that which is full.'
Καὶ εἰσελεύσῃ καὶ ἀποκλείσεις τὴν θύραν κατὰ σοῦ καὶ κατὰ τῶν υἱῶν σου, καὶ ἀποχεεῖς εἰς τὰ σκεύη ταῦτα, καὶ τὸ πληρωθὲν ἀρεῖς.
And thou shalt go in and shut the door upon thee and upon thy sons, and thou shalt pour forth into these vessels, and remove that which is filled.
5
וַתֵּלֶךְ מֵאִתּוֹ וַתִּסְגֹּר הַדֶּלֶת בַּעֲדָהּ וּבְעַד בָּנֶיהָ הֵם מַגִּשִׁים אֵלֶיהָ וְהִיא מיצקת מוֹצָקֶת
So she went from him, and shut the door upon her and upon her sons; they brought the vessels to her, and she poured out.
Καὶ ἀπῆλθε παρʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀπέκλεισε τὴν θύραν καθʼ ἑαυτῆς καὶ κατὰ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῆς· αὐτοὶ προσήγγιζον πρὸς αὐτὴν, καὶ αὐτὴ ἐπέχεεν ἕως ἐπλήσθησαν τὰ σκεύη.
And she departed from him, and shut the door upon herself and upon her sons: they brought the vessels near to her, and she poured in until the vessels were filled.
6
וַיְהִי כִּמְלֹאת הַכֵּלִים וַתֹּאמֶר אֶל־בְּנָהּ הַגִּישָׁה אֵלַי עוֹד כֶּלִי וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלֶיהָ אֵין עוֹד כֶּלִי וַיַּעֲמֹד הַשָּׁמֶן
And it came to pass, when the vessels were full, that she said unto her son: 'Bring me yet a vessel.' And he said unto her: 'There is not a vessel more.' And the oil stayed.
Καὶ εἶπε πρὸς τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῆς, ἐγγίσατε ἔτι πρὸς μὲ τὸ σκεῦος· καὶ εἶπον αὐτῇ, οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι σκεῦος· καὶ ἔστη τὸ ἔλαιον.
And she said to her sons, Bring me yet a vessel. And they said to her, There is not a vessel more. And the oil stayed.
7
וַתָּבֹא וַתַּגֵּד לְאִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים וַיֹּאמֶר לְכִי מִכְרִי אֶת־הַשֶּׁמֶן וְשַׁלְּמִי אֶת־נשיכי נִשְׁיֵךְ וְאַתְּ בניכי וּבָנַיִךְ תִחְיִי בַּנּוֹתָר
Then she came and told the man of G-d. And he said: 'Go, sell the oil, and pay thy debt, and live thou and thy sons of the rest.'
Καὶ ἦλθε, καὶ ἀπήγγειλε τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ· καὶ εἶπεν Ἑλισαιὲ, δεῦρο καὶ ἀπόδου τὸ ἔλαιον, καὶ ἀποτίσεις τοὺς τόκους σου, καὶ σὺ καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου ζήσεσθε ἐν τῷ ἐπιλοίπῳ ἐλαίῳ.
And she came and told the man of God: and Elisha said, Go, and sell the oil, and thou shalt pay thy debts, and thou and thy sons shall live of the remaining oil.
8
וַיְהִי הַיּוֹם וַיַּעֲבֹר אֱלִישָׁע אֶל־שׁוּנֵם וְשָׁם אִשָּׁה גְדוֹלָה וַתַּחֲזֶק־בּוֹ לֶאֱכָל־לָחֶם וַיְהִי מִדֵּי עָבְרוֹ יָסֻר שָׁמָּה לֶאֱכָל־לָחֶם
And it fell on a day, that Elisha passed to Shunem, where was a great woman; and she constrained him to eat bread. And so it was, that as oft as he passed by, he turned in thither to eat bread.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἡμέρα, καὶ διέβη Ἐλισαιὲ εἰς Σωμὰν, καὶ ἐκεῖ γυνὴ μεγάλη, καὶ ἐκράτησεν αὐτὸν φαγεῖν ἄρτον· καὶ ἐγένετο ἀφʼ ἱκανοῦ τοῦ εἰσπορεύεσθαι αὐτὸν, ἐξέκλινε τοῦ ἐκεῖ φαγεῖν.
And a day came, when Elisha passed over to Shunem, and [there was] a great lady there, and she constrained him to eat bread: and it came to pass as often as he went into [the city, that] he turned aside to eat there.
9
וַתֹּאמֶר אֶל־אִישָׁהּ הִנֵּה־נָא יָדַעְתִּי כִּי אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים קָדוֹשׁ הוּא עֹבֵר עָלֵינוּ תָּמִיד
And she said unto her husband: 'Behold now, I perceive that this is a holy man of G-d, that passeth by us continually.
Καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνὴ πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς, ἰδοὺ δὴ ἔγνων ὅτι ἄνθρωπος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἅγιος οὗτος διαπορεύεται ἐφ ἡμᾶς διαπαντός.
And the woman said to her husband, See now, I know that this [is] a holy man of God who comes over continually to us.
10
נַעֲשֶׂה־נָּא עֲלִיַּת־קִיר קְטַנָּה וְנָשִׂים לוֹ שָׁם מִטָּה וְשֻׁלְחָן וְכִסֵּא וּמְנוֹרָה וְהָיָה בְּבֹאוֹ אֵלֵינוּ יָסוּר שָׁמָּה
Let us make, I pray thee, a little chamber on the roof; and let us set for him there a bed, and a table, and a stool, and a candlestick; and it shall be, when he cometh to us, that he shall turn in thither.'
Ποιήσωμεν δὴ αὐτῷ ὑπερῷον τόπον μικρόν, καὶ θῶμεν αὐτῷ ἐκεῖ κλίνην, καὶ τράπεζαν, καὶ δίφρον, καὶ λυχνίαν· καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῷ εἰσπορεύεσθαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς, καὶ ἐκκλινεῖ ἐκεῖ.
Let us now make for him an upper chamber, a small place; and let us put there for him a bed, and a table, and a stool, and a candlestick: and it shall come to pass that when he comes in to us, he shall turn in thither.
11
וַיְהִי הַיּוֹם וַיָּבֹא שָׁמָּה וַיָּסַר אֶל־הָעֲלִיָּה וַיִּשְׁכַּב־שָׁמָּה
And it fell on a day, that he came thither, and he turned into the upper chamber and lay there.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἡμέρα, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν ἐκεῖ, καὶ ἐξέκλινεν εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον, καὶ ἐκοιμήθη ἐκεῖ.
And a day came, and he went in thither, and turned aside into the upper chamber, and lay there.
12
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־גֵּחֲזִי נַעֲרוֹ קְרָא לַשּׁוּנַמִּית הַזֹּאת וַיִּקְרָא־לָהּ וַתַּעֲמֹד לְפָנָיו
And he said to Gehazi his servant: 'Call this Shunammite.' And when he had called her, she stood before him.
Καὶ εἶπε πρὸς Γιεζὶ τὸ παιδάριον αὐτοῦ, κάλεσόν μοι τὴν Σωμανίτιν ταύτην· καὶ ἐκάλεσεν αὐτήν, καὶ ἔστη ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ.
And he said to Gehazi his servant, Call me this Shunammite. And he called her, and she stood before him.
13
וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ אֱמָר־נָא אֵלֶיהָ הִנֵּה חָרַדְתְּ אֵלֵינוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַחֲרָדָה הַזֹּאת מֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת לָךְ הֲיֵשׁ לְדַבֶּר־לָךְ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ אוֹ אֶל־שַׂר הַצָּבָא וַתֹּאמֶר בְּתוֹךְ עַמִּי אָנֹכִי יֹשָׁבֶת
And he said unto him: `Say now unto her: Behold, thou hast been careful for us with all this care; what is to be done for thee? wouldest thou be spoken for to the king, or to the captain of the host?' And she answered: 'I dwell among mine own people.'
Καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, εἶπον δὴ πρὸς αὐτὴν, ἰδοὺ, ἐξέστησας ἡμῖν πᾶσαν τὴν ἔκστασιν ταύτην, τί δεῖ ποιῆσαί σοι; εἰ ἔστι λόγος σοι πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, ἢ πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα τῆς δυνάμεως; ἡ δὲ εἶπεν, ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ λαοῦ ἐγώ εἰμι οἰκῶ.
And he said to him, Say now to her, Behold, thou hast taken all this trouble for us; what should I do for thee? Hast thou any request [to make] to the king, or to the captain of the host? And she said, I dwell in the midst of my people.
14
וַיֹּאמֶר וּמֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת לָהּ וַיֹּאמֶר גֵּיחֲזִי אֲבָל בֵּן אֵין־לָהּ וְאִישָׁהּ זָקֵן
And he said: 'What then is to be done for her?' And Gehazi answered: 'Verily she hath no son, and her husband is old.'
Καὶ εἶπε πρὸς Γιεζὶ, τί δεῖ ποιῆσαι αὐτῇ; καὶ εἶπε Γιεζὶ τὸ παιδάριον αὐτοῦ, καὶ μάλα υἱὸς οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτῇ· καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς πρεσβύτης.
And he said to Gehazi, What must we do for her? and Gehazi his servant said, Indeed she has no son, and her husband [is] old.
15
וַיֹּאמֶר קְרָא־לָהּ וַיִּקְרָא־לָהּ וַתַּעֲמֹד בַּפָּתַח
And he said: 'Call her.' And when he had called her, she stood in the door.
Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν αὐτήν, καὶ ἔστη παρὰ τὴν θύραν.
And he called her, and she stood by the door.
16
וַיֹּאמֶר לַמּוֹעֵד הַזֶּה כָּעֵת חַיָּה אתי אַתְּ חֹבֶקֶת בֵּן וַתֹּאמֶר אַל־אֲדֹנִי אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים אַל־תְּכַזֵּב בְּשִׁפְחָתֶךָ
And he said: 'At this season, when the time cometh round, thou shalt embrace a son.' And she said: 'Nay, my lord, thou man of G-d, do not lie unto thy handmaid.'
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἐλισαιὲ πρὸς αὐτήν, εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον, ὡς ἡ ὥρα, ζῶσα σὺ, περιειληφυῖα υἱόν· ἡ δὲ εἶπε, μή κύριε, μὴ διαψεύσῃ τὴν δούλην σου.
And Elisha said to her, At this time [next year], as the season [is], thou [shalt be] alive, and embrace a son. And she said, Nay, my lord, do not lie to thy servant.
17
וַתַּהַר הָאִשָּׁה וַתֵּלֶד בֵּן לַמּוֹעֵד הַזֶּה כָּעֵת חַיָּה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר אֵלֶיהָ אֱלִישָׁע
And the woman conceived, and bore a son at that season, when the time came round, as Elisha had said unto her.
Καὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἔλαβεν ἡ γυνή, καὶ ἔτεκεν υἱὸν εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον, ὡς ἡ ὥρα, ζῶσα, ὡς ἐλάλησε πρὸς αὐτὴν Ἑλισαιὲ.
And the woman conceived, and bore a son at the very time, as the season was, being alive, as Elisha said to her.
18
וַיִּגְדַּל הַיָּלֶד וַיְהִי הַיּוֹם וַיֵּצֵא אֶל־אָבִיו אֶל־הַקֹּצְרִים
And when the child was grown, it fell on a day, that he went out to his father to the reapers.
Καὶ ἡδρύνθη τὸ παιδάριον· καὶ ἐγένετο ἡνίκα ἐξῆλθε πρὸς τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ πρὸς τοὺς θερίζοντας,
And the child grew: and it came to pass when he went out to his father to the reapers,
19
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־אָבִיו רֹאשִׁי רֹאשִׁי וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־הַנַּעַר שָׂאֵהוּ אֶל־אִמּוֹ
And he said unto his father: 'My head, my head.' And he said to his servant: 'Carry him to his mother.'
καὶ εἶπε πρὸς τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ, τὴν κεφαλήν μου, τὴν κεφαλήν μου· καὶ εἶπε τῷ παιδαρίῳ, ἆρον αὐτὸν πρὸς τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ.
that he said to his father, My head, my head. And [his father] said to a servant, Carry him to his mother.
20
וַיִּשָּׂאֵהוּ וַיְבִיאֵהוּ אֶל־אִמּוֹ וַיֵּשֶׁב עַל־בִּרְכֶּיהָ עַד־הַצָּהֳרַיִם וַיָּמֹת
And when he had taken him, and brought him to his mother, he sat on her knees till noon, and then died.
Καὶ ᾖρεν αὐτὸν πρὸς τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκοιμήθη ἐπὶ τῶν γονάτων αὐτῆς ἕως μεσημβρίας, καὶ ἀπέθανε.
And he carried him to his mother, and he lay upon her knees till noon, and died.
21
וַתַּעַל וַתַּשְׁכִּבֵהוּ עַל־מִטַּת אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים וַתִּסְגֹּר בַּעֲדוֹ וַתֵּצֵא
And she went up, and laid him on the bed of the man of G-d, and shut the door upon him, and went out.
Καὶ ἀνήνεγκεν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἐκοίμισεν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν κλίνην τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τοῦ Θεοῦ· καὶ ἀπέκλεισε κατʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξῆλθε,
And she carried him up and laid him on the bed of the man of God; and she shut the door upon him, and went out.
22
וַתִּקְרָא אֶל־אִישָׁהּ וַתֹּאמֶר שִׁלְחָה נָא לִי אֶחָד מִן־הַנְּעָרִים וְאַחַת הָאֲתֹנוֹת וְאָרוּצָה עַד־אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים וְאָשׁוּבָה
And she called unto her husband, and said: 'Send me, I pray thee, one of the servants, and one of the asses, that I may run to the man of G-d, and come back.'
καὶ ἐκάλεσε τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς, και εἶπεν, ἀπόστειλον δή μοι ἓν τῶν παιδαρίων καὶ μίαν τῶν ὄνων, καὶ δραμοῦμαι ἕως τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἐπιστρέψω.
And she called her husband, and said, Send now for me one of the young men, and one of the asses, and I will ride quickly to the man of God, and return.
23
וַיֹּאמֶר מַדּוּעַ אתי אַתְּ הלכתי הֹלֶכֶת אֵלָיו הַיּוֹם לֹא־חֹדֶשׁ וְלֹא שַׁבָּת וַתֹּאמֶר שָׁלוֹם
And he said: Wherefore wilt thou go to him today? it is neither new moon nor sabbath.' And she said: 'It shall be well.'
Καὶ εἶπε, τι ὅτι σὺ πορεύῃ πρὸς αὐτὸν σήμερον; οὐ νεομηνία, οὐδὲ σάββατον· ἡ δὲ εἶπεν, εἰρήνη.
And he said, Why art thou going to him today? It is neither new moon, nor the Sabbath. And she said, [It is] well.
24
וַתַּחֲבֹשׁ הָאָתוֹן וַתֹּאמֶר אֶל־נַעֲרָהּ נְהַג וָלֵךְ אַל־תַּעֲצָר־לִי לִרְכֹּב כִּי אִם־אָמַרְתִּי לָךְ
Then she saddled an ass, and said to her servant: 'Drive, and go forward; slacken me not the riding, except I bid thee.'
Καὶ ἐπέσαξε τὴν ὄνον, καὶ εἶπε πρὸς τὸ παιδάριον αὐτῆς, ἄγε, πορεύου, μὴ ἐπίσχῃς μοι τοῦ ἐπιβῆναι ὅτι ἐὰν εἴπω σοι· δεῦρο καὶ πορεύσῃ, καὶ ἐλεύσῃ πρὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς ὄρος τὸ Καρμήλιον.
And she saddled the ass, and said to her servant, Be quick, proceed: spare not on my account to ride, unless I shall tell thee. Go, and thou shalt proceed, and come to the man of God to Mount Carmel.
25
וַתֵּלֶךְ וַתָּבוֹא אֶל־אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים אֶל־הַר הַכַּרְמֶל וַיְהִי כִּרְאוֹת אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִים אֹתָהּ מִנֶּגֶד וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־גֵּיחֲזִי נַעֲרוֹ הִנֵּה הַשּׁוּנַמִּית הַלָּז
So she went, and came unto the man of G-d to mount Carmel. And it came to pass, when the man of G-d saw her afar off, that he said to Gehazi his servant: 'Behold, yonder is that Shunammite.
Καὶ ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἦλθεν ἕως τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰς τὸ ὄρος· καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς εἶδεν Ἑλισαιὲ ἐρχομένην αὐτὴν, καὶ εἶπε πρὸς Γιεζὶ τὸ παιδάριον αὐτοῦ, ἰδοὺ δὴ ἡ Σωμανίτις ἐκείνη.
And she rode and came to the man of God to the mountain: and it came to pass when Elisha saw her coming, that he said to Gehazi his servant, See now, that Shunammite comes.
26
עַתָּה רוּץ־נָא לִקְרָאתָהּ וֶאֱמָר־לָהּ הֲשָׁלוֹם לָךְ הֲשָׁלוֹם לְאִישֵׁךְ הֲשָׁלוֹם לַיָּלֶד וַתֹּאמֶר שָׁלוֹם
Run, I pray thee, now to meet her, and say unto her: Is it well with thee? is it well with thy husband? is it well with the child?' And she answered: 'It is well.'
Νῦν δράμε εἰς ἀπαντὴν αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐρεῖς, ἡ εἰρήνη σοι; ἡ εἰρήνη τῷ ἀνδρί σου; ἡ εἰρήνη τῷ παιδαρίῳ; ἡ δὲ εἶπεν, εἰρήνη.
Now run to meet her, and thou shalt say, [Is it] well with thee? [is it] well with thy husband? [is it] well with the child? and she said, [It is] well.
27
וַתָּבֹא אֶל־אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים אֶל־הָהָר וַתַּחֲזֵק בְּרַגְלָיו וַיִּגַּשׁ גֵּיחֲזִי לְהָדְפָהּ וַיֹּאמֶר אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים הַרְפֵּה־לָהּ כִּי־נַפְשָׁהּ מָרָה־לָהּ וַיהוָה הֶעְלִים מִמֶּנִּי וְלֹא הִגִּיד לִי
And when she came to the man of G-d to the hill, she caught hold of his feet. And Gehazi came near to thrust her away; but the man of G-d said: 'Let her alone; for her soul is bitter within her; and HaShem hath hid it from me, and hath not told Me.'
Καὶ ἦλθε πρὸς Ἑλισαιὲ εἰς τὸ ὄρος, καὶ ἐπελάβετο τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἤγγιζε Γιεζὶ ἀπώσασθαι αὐτήν. καὶ εἶπεν Ἑλισαιὲ, ἄφες αὐτὴν, ὅτι ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτῆς κατώδυνος αὐτῇ, καὶ Κύριος ἀπέκρυψεν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἀνήγγειλέ μοι.
And she came to Elisha to the mountain, and laid hold of his feet; and Gehazi drew near to thrust her away. And Elisha said, Let her alone, for her soul [is] much grieved in her, and the Lord has hidden [it] from me, and has not told [it] me.
28
וַתֹּאמֶר הֲשָׁאַלְתִּי בֵן מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הֲלֹא אָמַרְתִּי לֹא תַשְׁלֶה אֹתִי
Then she said: 'Did I desire a son of my lord? did I not say: Do not deceive me?'
Ἡ δὲ εἶπε, μὴ ᾐτησάμην υἱὸν παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου μου; ὅτι οὐκ εἶπα, οὐ πλανήσεις μετʼ ἐμοῦ;
And she said, Did I ask a son of my lord? For did I not say, Do not deal deceitfully with me?
29
וַיֹּאמֶר לְגֵיחֲזִי חֲגֹר מָתְנֶיךָ וְקַח מִשְׁעַנְתִּי בְיָדְךָ וָלֵךְ כִּי־תִמְצָא אִישׁ לֹא תְבָרְכֶנּוּ וְכִי־יְבָרֶכְךָ אִישׁ לֹא תַעֲנֶנּוּ וְשַׂמְתָּ מִשְׁעַנְתִּי עַל־פְּנֵי הַנָּעַר
Then he said to Gehazi: 'Gird up thy loins, and take my staff in thy hand, and go thy way; if thou meet any man, salute him not; and if any salute thee, answer him not; and lay my staff upon the face of the child.'
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἐλισαιὲ τῷ Γιεζί, ζῶσαι τὴν ὀσθύν σου, καὶ λάβε τὴν βακτηρίαν μου ἐν τῇ χειρί σου, καὶ δεῦρο, ὅτι ἐὰν εὕρῃς ἄνδρα οὐκ εὐλογήσεις αὐτὸν, καὶ ἐὰν εὐλογήσῃ σε ἀνὴρ οὐκ ἀποκριθήσῃ αὐτῷ· καὶ ἐπιθήσεις τὴν βακτηρίαν μου ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τοῦ παιδαρίου.
And Elisha said to Gehazi, Gird up thy loins, and take my staff in thy hand, and go: if thou meet any man, thou shalt not salute him, and if a man salute thee thou shalt not answer him: and thou shalt lay my staff on the child’s face.
30
וַתֹּאמֶר אֵם הַנַּעַר חַי־יְהוָה וְחֵי־נַפְשְׁךָ אִם־אֶעֶזְבֶךָּ וַיָּקָם וַיֵּלֶךְ אַחֲרֶיהָ
And the mother of the child said: 'As HaShem liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee.' And he arose, and followed her.
Καὶ εἶπεν ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ παιδαρίου, ζῇ Κύριος καὶ ζῇ ἡ ψυχή σου, εἰ ἐνκαταλείψω σε· καὶ ἀνέστη Ἑλισαιὲ, καὶ ἐπορεύθη ὀπίσω αὐτῆς.
And the mother of the child said, [As] the Lord lives and [as] thy soul lives, I will not leave thee. And Elisha arose, and went after her.
31
וְגֵחֲזִי עָבַר לִפְנֵיהֶם וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת־הַמִּשְׁעֶנֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַנַּעַר וְאֵין קוֹל וְאֵין קָשֶׁב וַיָּשָׁב לִקְרָאתוֹ וַיַּגֶּד־לוֹ לֵאמֹר לֹא הֵקִיץ הַנָּעַר
And Gehazi passed on before them, and laid the staff upon the face of the child; but there was neither voice, nor hearing. Wherefore he returned to meet him, and told him, saying: 'The child is not awaked.'
Καὶ Γιεζὶ διῆλθεν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῆς, καὶ ἀπέθηκε τὴν βακτηρίαν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τοῦ παιδαρίου· καὶ οὐκ ἦν φωνὴ καὶ οὖκ ἦν ἀκρόασις· καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν εἰς ἀπαντὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν αὐτῷ, λέγων, οὐκ ἠγέρθη τὸ παιδάριον.
And Gehazi went on before her, and laid his staff on the child’s face: but there was neither voice nor any hearing. So he returned to meet him, and told him, saying, The child is not awakened.
32
וַיָּבֹא אֱלִישָׁע הַבָּיְתָה וְהִנֵּה הַנַּעַר מֵת מֻשְׁכָּב עַל־מִטָּתוֹ
And when Elisha was come into the house, behold, the child was dead, and laid upon his bed.
Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ἑλισαιὲ εἰς τὸν οἶκον, καὶ ἰδοὺ τὸ παιδάριον τεθνηκός κεκοιμισμένον ἐπὶ τὴν κλίνην αὐτοῦ·
And Elisha went into the house, and, behold, the dead child was laid upon his bed.
33
וַיָּבֹא וַיִּסְגֹּר הַדֶּלֶת בְּעַד שְׁנֵיהֶם וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל אֶל־יְהוָה
He went in therefore, and shut the door upon them twain, and prayed unto HaShem.
Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ἑλισαιὲ εἰς τὸν οἶκον, καὶ ἀπέκλεισε τὴν θύραν κατὰ τῶν δύο ἑαυτῶν, καὶ προσηύξατο πρὸς Κύριον.
And Elisha went into the house, and shut the door upon themselves, the two, and prayed to the Lord.
34
וַיַּעַל וַיִּשְׁכַּב עַל־הַיֶּלֶד וַיָּשֶׂם פִּיו עַל־פִּיו וְעֵינָיו עַל־עֵינָיו וְכַפָּיו עַל־כפו כַּפָּיו וַיִּגְהַר עָלָיו וַיָּחָם בְּשַׂר הַיָּלֶד
And he went up, and lay upon the child, and put his mouth upon his mouth, and his eyes upon his eyes, and his hands upon his hands; and he stretched himself upon him; and the flesh of the child waxed warm.
Καὶ ἀνέβη καὶ ἐκοιμήθη ἐπὶ τὸ παιδάριον· καὶ ἔθηκε τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ· καὶ διέκαμψεν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν, καὶ διεθερμάνθη ἡ σὰρξ τοῦ παιδαρίου.
And he went up, and lay upon the child, and put his mouth upon his mouth, and his eyes upon his eyes, and his hands upon his hands; and bowed himself upon him, and the flesh of the child grew warm.
35
וַיָּשָׁב וַיֵּלֶךְ בַּבַּיִת אַחַת הֵנָּה וְאַחַת הֵנָּה וַיַּעַל וַיִּגְהַר עָלָיו וַיְזוֹרֵר הַנַּעַר עַד־שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים וַיִּפְקַח הַנַּעַר אֶת־עֵינָיו
Then he returned, and walked in the house once to and fro; and went up, and stretched himself upon him; and the child sneezed seven times, and the child opened his eyes.
Καὶ ἐπέστρεψε, καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν· καὶ ἀνέβη καὶ συνέκαμψεν ἐπὶ τὸ παιδάριον ἕως ἑπτάκις· καὶ ἤνοιξε τὸ παιδάριον τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ.
And he returned, and walked up and down in the house: and he went up, and bowed himself on the child seven times; and the child opened his eyes.
36
וַיִּקְרָא אֶל־גֵּיחֲזִי וַיֹּאמֶר קְרָא אֶל־הַשֻּׁנַמִּית הַזֹּאת וַיִּקְרָאֶהָ וַתָּבוֹא אֵלָיו וַיֹּאמֶר שְׂאִי בְנֵךְ
And he called Gehazi, and said: 'Call this Shunammite.' So he called her. And when she was come in unto him, he said: 'Take up thy son.'
Καὶ ἐξεβόησεν Ἑλισαιὲ πρὸς Γιεζὶ, καὶ εἶπε, κάλεσον τὴν Σωμανίτην ταύτην· καὶ ἐκάλεσε, καὶ εἰσῆλθε πρὸς αὐτόν· καὶ εἶπεν Ἑλισαιὲ, λάβε τὸν υἱόν σου.
And Elisha cried out to Gehazi, and said, Call this Shunammite. So he called her, and she came in to him: and Elisha said, Take thy son.
37
וַתָּבֹא וַתִּפֹּל עַל־רַגְלָיו וַתִּשְׁתַּחוּ אָרְצָה וַתִּשָּׂא אֶת־בְּנָהּ וַתֵּצֵא
Then she went in, and fell at his feet, and bowed down to the ground; and she took up her son, and went out.
Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν ἡ γυνὴ, καὶ ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ, καὶ προσεκύνησεν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν· καὶ ἔλαβε τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐξῆλθε.
And the woman went in, and fell at his feet, and did obeisance [bowing] to the ground; and she took her son, and went out.
38
וֶאֱלִישָׁע שָׁב הַגִּלְגָּלָה וְהָרָעָב בָּאָרֶץ וּבְנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים יֹשְׁבִים לְפָנָיו וַיֹּאמֶר לְנַעֲרוֹ שְׁפֹת הַסִּיר הַגְּדוֹלָה וּבַשֵּׁל נָזִיד לִבְנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים
And Elisha came again to Gilgal; and there was a dearth in the land; and the sons of the prophets were sitting before him; and he said unto his servant: 'Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for the sons of the prophets.'
Καὶ Ἑλισαιὲ ἐπέστρεψεν εἰς Γάλγαλα· καὶ ὁ λιμὸς ἐν τῇ γῇ, καὶ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν ἐκάθηντο ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ· καὶ εἶπεν Ἑλισαιὲ τῷ παιδαρίῳ αὐτοῦ, ἐπίστησον τὸν λέβητα τὸν μέγαν, καὶ ἕψε ἕψεμα τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν προφητῶν.
And Elisha returned to Gilgal: and a famine [was] in the land; and the sons of the prophets sat before him: and Elisha said to his servant, Set on the great pot, and boil pottage for the sons of the prophets.
39
וַיֵּצֵא אֶחָד אֶל־הַשָּׂדֶה לְלַקֵּט אֹרֹת וַיִּמְצָא גֶּפֶן שָׂדֶה וַיְלַקֵּט מִמֶּנּוּ פַּקֻּעֹת שָׂדֶה מְלֹא בִגְדוֹ וַיָּבֹא וַיְפַלַּח אֶל־סִיר הַנָּזִיד כִּי־לֹא יָדָעוּ
And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and gathered thereof wild gourds his lap full, and came and shred them into the pot of pottage; for they knew them not.
Καὶ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τὸν ἀγρὸν συλλέξαι ἀριώθ· καὶ εὗρεν ἄμπελον ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, καὶ συνέλεξεν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς τολύπην ἀγρίαν πλῆρες τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐνέβαλεν εἰς τὸν λέβητα τοῦ ἑψέματος, ὅτι οὐκ ἔγνωσαν, καὶ ἐνέχει τοῖς ἀνδράσι φαγεῖν·
And he went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a vine in the field, and gathered of it wild gourds, his garment full; and he cast it into the caldron of pottage, for they knew [them] not.
40
וַיִּצְקוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים לֶאֱכוֹל וַיְהִי כְּאָכְלָם מֵהַנָּזִיד וְהֵמָּה צָעָקוּ וַיֹּאמְרוּ מָוֶת בַּסִּיר אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים וְלֹא יָכְלוּ לֶאֱכֹל
So they poured out for the men to eat. And it came to pass, as they were eating of the pottage, that they cried out, and said: 'O man of G-d, there is death in the pot.' And they could not eat thereof.
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἐσθίειν αὐτοὺς ἐκ τοῦ ἑψέματος, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀνεβόησαν, καὶ εἶπαν, θάνατος ἐν τῷ λέβητι, ἄνθρωπε τοῦ Θεοῦ· καὶ οὐκ ἠδύναντο φαγεῖν.
And he poured it out for the men to eat: and it came to pass, when they were eating of the pottage, that lo! they cried out, and said, [There is] death in the pot, O man of God. And they could not eat.
41
וַיֹּאמֶר וּקְחוּ־קֶמַח וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ אֶל־הַסִּיר וַיֹּאמֶר צַק לָעָם וְיֹאכֵלוּ וְלֹא הָיָה דָּבָר רָע בַּסִּיר
But he said: 'Then bring meal.' And he cast it into the pot; and he said: 'Pour out for the people, that they may eat.' And there was no harm in the pot.
Καὶ εἶπε, λάβετε ἅλευρον, καὶ ἐμβάλετε εἰς τὸν λέβητα· καὶ εἶπεν Ἑλισαιὲ πρὸς Γιεζὶ τὸ παιδάριον, ἔγχει τῷ λαῷ καὶ ἐσθιέτωσαν· καὶ οὐκ ἐγενήθη ἐκεῖ ἔτι ῥῆμα πονηρὸν ἐν τῷ λέβητι.
And he said, Take meal, and cast it into the pot. And Elisha said to his servant Gehazi, Pour out for the people, and let them eat. And there was no longer there any hurtful thing in the pot.
42
וְאִישׁ בָּא מִבַּעַל שָׁלִשָׁה וַיָּבֵא לְאִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים לֶחֶם בִּכּוּרִים עֶשְׂרִים־לֶחֶם שְׂעֹרִים וְכַרְמֶל בְּצִקְלֹנוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר תֵּן לָעָם וְיֹאכֵלוּ
And there came a man from Baal-shalishah, and brought the man of G-d bread of the first-fruits, twenty loaves of barley, and fresh ears of corn in his sack. And he said: 'Give unto the people, that they may eat.'
Καὶ ἀνὴρ διῆλθεν ἐκ Βαιθαρισὰ, καὶ ἤνεγκε πρὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦ Θεοῦ πρωτογεννημάτων εἴκοσι ἄρτους κριθίνους καὶ παλάθας· καὶ εἶπε, δότε τῷ λαῷ καὶ ἐσθιέτωσαν.
And there came a man over from Baal-shalishah, and brought to the man of God twenty barley loaves and cakes of figs, of the firstfruits. And he said, Give to the people, and let them eat.
43
וַיֹּאמֶר מְשָׁרְתוֹ מָה אֶתֵּן זֶה לִפְנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ וַיֹּאמֶר תֵּן לָעָם וְיֹאכֵלוּ כִּי כֹה אָמַר יְהוָה אָכֹל וְהוֹתֵר
And his servant said: 'How should I set this before a hundred men?' But he said: 'Give the people, that they may eat; for thus saith HaShem: They shall eat, and shall leave thereof.'
Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ λειτουργὸς αὐτοῦ, τί δῶ τοῦτο ἐνώπιον ἑκατὸν ἀνδρῶν; καὶ εἶπε, δὸς τῷ λαῷ καὶ ἐσθιέτωσαν, ὅτι τάδε λέγει Κύριος, φάγονται καὶ καταλείψουσι.
And his servant said, Why should I set this before a hundred men? and he said, Give to the people, and let them eat; for thus saith the Lord, They shall eat and leave.
44
וַיִּתֵּן לִפְנֵיהֶם וַיֹּאכְלוּ וַיּוֹתִרוּ כִּדְבַר יְהוָה
So he set it before them, and they did eat, and left thereof, according to the word of HaShem.
Καὶ ἔφαγον καὶ κατέλιπον, κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου.
And they ate and left, according to the word of the Lord.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: Credits and licences.