Textorah

II Kings 10

1
וּלְאַחְאָב שִׁבְעִים בָּנִים בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן וַיִּכְתֹּב יֵהוּא סְפָרִים וַיִּשְׁלַח שֹׁמְרוֹן אֶל־שָׂרֵי יִזְרְעֶאל הַזְּקֵנִים וְאֶל־הָאֹמְנִים אַחְאָב לֵאמֹר
Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote letters, and sent to Samaria, unto the rulers of Jezreel, even the elders, and unto them that brought up the sons of Ahab, saying:
Καὶ τῷ Ἀχαὰβ ἑβδομήκοντα υἱοὶ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ· καὶ ἔγραψεν Ἰοὺ βιβλίον, καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας Σαμαρείας, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς τιθηνοὺς Αχαὰβ, λέγων,
And Ahab [had] seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote a letter, and sent it into Samaria to the rulers of Samaria, and to the elders, and to the guardians of [the children of] Ahab, saying,
2
וְעַתָּה כְּבֹא הַסֵּפֶר הַזֶּה אֲלֵיכֶם וְאִתְּכֶם בְּנֵי אֲדֹנֵיכֶם וְאִתְּכֶם הָרֶכֶב וְהַסּוּסִים וְעִיר מִבְצָר וְהַנָּשֶׁק
'And now as soon as this letter cometh to you, seeing your master's sons are with you, and there are with you chariots and horses, fortified cities also, and armour;
Καὶ νῦν ὡς ἂν ἔλθῃ τὸ βιβλίον τοῦτο πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ μεθʼ ὑμῶν οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ κυρίου ὑμῶν, καὶ μεθʼ ὑμῶν τὸ ἅρμα καὶ οἱ ἵπποι καὶ πόλεις ὀχυραὶ καὶ τὰ ὅπλα,
Now then, as soon as this letter shall have reached you, whereas [there are] with you the sons of your master, and with you chariots and horses, and strong cities, and arms,
3
וּרְאִיתֶם הַטּוֹב וְהַיָּשָׁר מִבְּנֵי אֲדֹנֵיכֶם וְשַׂמְתֶּם עַל־כִּסֵּא אָבִיו וְהִלָּחֲמוּ עַל־בֵּית אֲדֹנֵיכֶם
look ye out the best and meetest of your master's sons, and set him on his father's throne, and fight for your master's house.'
καὶ ὄψεσθε τὸν ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸν εὐθῆ ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς τοῦ κυρίου ὑμῶν, καὶ καταστήσετε αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ πολεμεῖτε ὑπὲρ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ κυρίου ὑμῶν.
do ye accordingly look out the best and fittest among your master’s sons, and set him on the throne of his father, and fight for the house of your master.
4
וַיִּרְאוּ מְאֹד מְאֹד וַיֹּאמְרוּ הִנֵּה שְׁנֵי הַמְּלָכִים לֹא עָמְדוּ לְפָנָיו וְאֵיךְ נַעֲמֹד אֲנָחְנוּ
But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings stood not before him; how then shall we stand?'
Καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα, καὶ εἶπον, ἰδοὺ οἱ δύο βασιλεῖς οὐκ ἔστησαν κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ, καὶ πῶς στησόμεθα ἡμεῖς;
And they feared greatly, and said, Behold, two kings stood not before him: and how shall we stand?
5
וַיִּשְׁלַח אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַבַּיִת וַאֲשֶׁר עַל־הָעִיר וְהַזְּקֵנִים וְהָאֹמְנִים אֶל־יֵהוּא לֵאמֹר עֲבָדֶיךָ אֲנַחְנוּ וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאמַר אֵלֵינוּ נַעֲשֶׂה לֹא־נַמְלִיךְ אִישׁ הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינֶיךָ עֲשֵׂה
And he that was over the household, and he that was over the city, the elders also, and they that brought up the children, sent to Jehu, saying: 'We are thy servants, and will do all that thou shalt bid us; we will not make any man king; do thou that which is good in thine eyes.'
Καὶ ἀπέστειλαν οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ οἴκου καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ οἱ τιθηνοὶ πρὸς Ἰοὺ, λέγοντες, παῖδές σου καὶ ἡμεῖς, καὶ ὅσα ἐὰν εἴπῃς πρὸς ἡμᾶς ποιήσομεν· οὐ βασιλεύσομεν ἄνδρα, τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου ποιήσομεν.
So they that were over the house, and they that were over the city, and the elders and the guardians, sent to Jehu, saying, We also [are] thy servants, and whatsoever thou shalt say to us we will do; we will not make [any] man king: we will do that which is right in thine eyes.
6
וַיִּכְתֹּב אֲלֵיהֶם סֵפֶר שֵׁנִית לֵאמֹר אִם־לִי אַתֶּם וּלְקֹלִי אַתֶּם שֹׁמְעִים קְחוּ אֶת־רָאשֵׁי אַנְשֵׁי בְנֵי־אֲדֹנֵיכֶם וּבֹאוּ אֵלַי כָּעֵת מָחָר יִזְרְעֶאלָה וּבְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ שִׁבְעִים אִישׁ אֶת־גְּדֹלֵי הָעִיר מְגַדְּלִים אוֹתָם
Then he wrote a letter the second time to them, saying: 'If ye be on my side, and if ye will hearken unto my voice, take ye the heads of the men your master's sons, and come to me to Jezreel by to-morrow this time.' Now the king's sons, being seventy persons, were with the great men of the city, who brought them up.
Καὶ ἔγραψε πρὸς αὐτοὺς Ἰοὺ βιβλίον δεύτερον, λέγων, εἰ ἐμοὶ ὑμεῖς, καὶ τῆς φωνῆς μου ὑμεῖς εἰσακούετε, λάβετε τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀνδρῶν τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ κυρίου ὑμῶν, καὶ ἐνέγκατε πρὸς μὲ, ὡς ἡ ὥρα αὔριον ἐν Ἰεζράελ· καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ βασιλέως ἦσαν ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρες, οὗτοι ἁδροὶ τῆς πόλεως ἐξέτρεφον αὐτούς.
And Jehu wrote them a second letter, saying, If ye [are] for me, and hearken to my voice, take the heads of the men your master’s sons, and bring [them] to me at this time tomorrow in Jezreel. Now the sons of the king were seventy men; these great men of the city brought them up.
7
וַיְהִי כְּבֹא הַסֵּפֶר אֲלֵיהֶם וַיִּקְחוּ אֶת־בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיִּשְׁחֲטוּ שִׁבְעִים אִישׁ וַיָּשִׂימוּ אֶת־רָאשֵׁיהֶם בַּדּוּדִים וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ אֵלָיו יִזְרְעֶאלָה
And it came to pass, when the letter came to them, that they took the king's sons, and slew them, even seventy persons, and put their heads in baskets, and sent them unto him to Jezreel.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἦλθε τὸ βιβλίον πρὸς αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἔλαβον τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ ἔσφαξαν αὐτοὺς ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρας· καὶ ἔθηκαν τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν ἐν καρτάλλοις, καὶ ἀπέστειλαν αὐτὰς πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰς Ἰεζράελ.
And it came to pass, when the letter came to them, that they took the king’s sons, and slew them, [even] seventy men, and put their heads in baskets, and sent them to him at Jezreel.
8
וַיָּבֹא הַמַּלְאָךְ וַיַּגֶּד־לוֹ לֵאמֹר הֵבִיאוּ רָאשֵׁי בְנֵי־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיֹּאמֶר שִׂימוּ אֹתָם שְׁנֵי צִבֻּרִים פֶּתַח הַשַּׁעַר עַד־הַבֹּקֶר
And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: `They have brought the heads of the king's sons.' And he said: 'Lay ye them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until the morning.'
Καὶ ἦλθεν ὁ ἄγγελος καὶ ἀπήγγειλε, λέγων, ἤνεγκαν τὰς κεφαλὰς τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ βασιλέως· καὶ εἶπε, θέτε αὐτὰς βουνοὺς δύο παρὰ τὴν θύραν τῆς πύλης εἰς πρωΐ.
And a messenger came and told [him], saying, They have brought the heads of the king’s sons. And he said, Lay them [in] two heaps by the door of the gate until the morning.
9
וַיְהִי בַבֹּקֶר וַיֵּצֵא וַיַּעֲמֹד וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־כָּל־הָעָם צַדִּקִים אַתֶּם הִנֵּה אֲנִי קָשַׁרְתִּי עַל־אֲדֹנִי וָאֶהְרְגֵהוּ וּמִי הִכָּה אֶת־כָּל־אֵלֶּה
And it came to pass in the morning, that he went out, and stood, and said to all the people: 'Ye are righteous; behold, I conspired against my master, and slew him; but who smote all these?
Καὶ ἐγένετο πρωΐ καὶ ἐξῆλθε καὶ ἔστη, καὶ εἶπε πρὸς πάντα τὸν λαόν, δίκαιοι ὑμεῖς· ἰδοὺ ἐγώ εἰμι συνεστράφην ἐπὶ τὸν κύριόν μου, καὶ ἀπέκτεινα αὐτόν· καὶ τίς ἐπάταξε πάντας τούτους;
And the morning came, and he went forth, and stood, and said to all the people, Ye are righteous: behold, I conspired against my master, and slew him: but who slew all these?
10
דְּעוּ אֵפוֹא כִּי לֹא יִפֹּל מִדְּבַר יְהוָה אַרְצָה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר יְהוָה עַל־בֵּית אַחְאָב וַיהוָה עָשָׂה אֵת אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר בְּיַד עַבְדּוֹ אֵלִיָּהוּ
Know now that there shall fall unto the earth nothing of the word of HaShem, which HaShem spoke concerning the house of Ahab; for HaShem hath done that which He spoke by His servant Elijah.'
Ἴδετε ἀφφὼ, ὅτι οὐ πεσεῖται ἀπὸ τοῦ ῥήματος Κυρίου εἰς τὴν γῆν οὗ ἐλάλησε Κύριος ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἀχαάβ· καὶ Κύριος ἐποίησεν ὅσα ἐλάλησεν ἐν χειρὶ δούλου αὐτοῦ Ἠλιού.
See now that there shall not fall to the ground anything of the word of the Lord which the Lord spoke against the house of Ahab: for the Lord has performed all that he spoke of by the hand of his servant Elijah.
11
וַיַּךְ יֵהוּא אֵת כָּל־הַנִּשְׁאָרִים לְבֵית־אַחְאָב בְּיִזְרְעֶאל וְכָל־גְּדֹלָיו וּמְיֻדָּעָיו וְכֹהֲנָיו עַד־בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר־לוֹ שָׂרִיד
So Jehu smote all that remained of the house of Ahab in Jezreel, and all his great men, and his familiar friends, and his priests, until there was left him none remaining.
Καὶ ἐπάταξεν Ἰοὺ πάντας τοὺς καταλειφθέντας ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Ἀχαὰβ ἐν Ἰεζράελ, καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἁδροὺς αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοὺς γνωστοὺς αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς αὐτοῦ, ὥστε μὴ καταλιπεῖν αὐτοὺ κατάλειμμα.
And Jehu smote all that were left of the house of Ahab in Jezreel, and all his great men, and his acquaintance, and his priests, so as not to leave him [any] remnant.
12
וַיָּקָם וַיָּבֹא וַיֵּלֶךְ שֹׁמְרוֹן הוּא בֵּית־עֵקֶד הָרֹעִים בַּדָּרֶךְ
And he arose and departed, and went to Samaria. And as he was at the shearing-house of the shepherds in the way,
Καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἐπορεύθῃ εἰς Σαμάρειαν, αὐτὸς ἐν βαιθακὰθ τῶν ποιμένων ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ.
And he arose and went to Samaria, [and] he [was] in the house of sheepshearing in the way.
13
וְיֵהוּא מָצָא אֶת־אֲחֵי אֲחַזְיָהוּ מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה וַיֹּאמֶר מִי אַתֶּם וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֲחֵי אֲחַזְיָהוּ אֲנַחְנוּ וַנֵּרֶד לִשְׁלוֹם בְּנֵי־הַמֶּלֶךְ וּבְנֵי הַגְּבִירָה
Jehu met with the brethren of Ahaziah king of Judah, and said: 'Who are ye?' And they answered: 'We are the brethren of Ahaziah; and we go down to salute the children of the king and the children of the queen.'
Καὶ Ἰοὺ εὗρε τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς Ὀχοζίου βασιλέως Ἰούδα, καὶ εἶπε, τίνες ὑμεῖς; καὶ εἶπον, ἀδελφοὶ Ὀχοζίου ἡμεῖς, καὶ κατέβημεν εἰς εἰρήνην τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ τῶν υἱῶν τῆς δυναστευούσης.
And Jehu found the brethren of Ahaziah king of Judah, and said, Who [are] ye? And they said, We [are] the brethren of Ahaziah, and we have come down to salute the sons of the king, and the sons of the queen.
14
וַיֹּאמֶר תִּפְשׂוּם חַיִּים וַיִּתְפְּשׂוּם חַיִּים וַיִּשְׁחָטוּם אֶל־בּוֹר בֵּית־עֵקֶד אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁנַיִם אִישׁ וְלֹא־הִשְׁאִיר אִישׁ מֵהֶם
And he said: 'Take them alive.' And they took them alive, and slew them at the pit of the shearing-house, even two and forty men; neither left he any of them.
Καὶ εἶπε, συλλάβετε αὐτοὺς ζῶντας· καὶ ἔσφαξαν αὐτοὺς εἰς βαιθακὰθ τεσσαράκοντα καὶ δύο ἄνδρας· οὐ κατέλιπεν ἄνδρα ἐξ αὐτῶν.
And he said, Take them alive. And they slew them at the shearing house, forty and two men: he left not a man of them.
15
וַיֵּלֶךְ מִשָּׁם וַיִּמְצָא אֶת־יְהוֹנָדָב בֶּן־רֵכָב לִקְרָאתוֹ וַיְבָרְכֵהוּ וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו הֲיֵשׁ אֶת־לְבָבְךָ יָשָׁר כַּאֲשֶׁר לְבָבִי עִם־לְבָבֶךָ וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוֹנָדָב יֵשׁ וָיֵשׁ תְּנָה אֶת־יָדֶךָ וַיִּתֵּן יָדוֹ וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ אֵלָיו אֶל־הַמֶּרְכָּבָה
And when he was departed thence, he lighted on Jehonadab the son of Rechab coming to meet him; and he saluted him, and said to him: 'Is thy heart right, as my heart is with thy heart?' And Jehonadab answered: 'It is.' 'If it be, said Jehu, give me thy hand.' And he gave him his hand; and he took him up to him into the chariot.
Καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐκεῖθεν καὶ εὗρε τὸν Ἰωναδὰβ υἱὸν Ῥηχὰβ εἰς ἀπαντὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτόν· καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτὸν Ιοὺ, εἰ ἔστι καρδία σου μετὰ καρδίας μου εὐθεῖα καθὼς ἡ καρδία μου μετὰ τῆς καρδίας σου; καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωναδάβ ἔστι· καὶ εἶπεν Ἰοὺ, καὶ εἰ ἔστι, δὸς τὴν χεῖρά σου· καὶ ἔδωκε τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἀνεβίβασεν αὐτὸν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ ἅρμα,
And he went thence and found Jonadab the son of Rechab [coming] to meet him; and he saluted him, and Jehu said to him, Is thy heart right with my heart, as my heart [is] with thy heart? And Jonadab said, It is. And Jehu said, If it is then, give me thy hand. And he gave him his hand, and he took him up to him into the chariot.
16
וַיֹּאמֶר לְכָה אִתִּי וּרְאֵה בְּקִנְאָתִי לַיהוָה וַיַּרְכִּבוּ אֹתוֹ בְּרִכְבּוֹ
And he said: 'Come with me, and see my zeal for HaShem.' So they made him ride in his chariot.
καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτὸν, δεῦρο μετʼ ἐμοῦ, καὶ ἴδε ἐν τῷ ζηλῶσαί με τῷ Κυρίῳ· καὶ ἐπεκάθισε αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ ἅρματι αὐτοῦ.
And he said to him, Come with me, and see me zealous for the Lord. And he caused him to sit in his chariot.
17
וַיָּבֹא שֹׁמְרוֹן וַיַּךְ אֶת־כָּל־הַנִּשְׁאָרִים לְאַחְאָב בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן עַד־הִשְׁמִידוֹ כִּדְבַר יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אֶל־אֵלִיָּהוּ
And when he came to Samaria, he smote all that remained unto Ahab in Samaria, till he had destroyed him, according to the word of HaShem, which He spoke to Elijah.
Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Σαμάρειαν· καὶ ἐπάταξε πάντας τοὺς καταλειφθέντας τοῦ Ἀχαὰβ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ ἕως τοῦ ἀφανίσαι αὐτὸν κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου, ὃ ἐλάλησε πρὸς Ἠλιού.
And he entered into Samaria, and smote all that were left of Ahab in Samaria, until he had utterly destroyed him, according to the word of the Lord, which he spoke to Elijah.
18
וַיִּקְבֹּץ יֵהוּא אֶת־כָּל־הָעָם וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם אַחְאָב עָבַד אֶת־הַבַּעַל מְעָט יֵהוּא יַעַבְדֶנּוּ הַרְבֵּה
And Jehu gathered all the people together, and said unto them: 'Ahab served Baal a little; but Jehu will serve him much.
Καὶ συνήθροισεν Ἰοὺ πάντα τὸν λαὸν, καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτοὺς, Ἀχαὰβ ἐδούλευσε τῷ Βάαλ ὀλίγα, Ἰοὺ δουλεύσει αὐτῷ πολλά.
And Jehu gathered all the people, and said to them, Ahab served Baal a little; Jehu shall serve him much.
19
וְעַתָּה כָל־נְבִיאֵי הַבַּעַל כָּל־עֹבְדָיו וְכָל־כֹּהֲנָיו קִרְאוּ אֵלַי אִישׁ אַל־יִפָּקֵד כִּי זֶבַח גָּדוֹל לִי לַבַּעַל כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־יִפָּקֵד לֹא יִחְיֶה וְיֵהוּא עָשָׂה בְעָקְבָּה לְמַעַן הַאֲבִיד אֶת־עֹבְדֵי הַבָּעַל
Now therefore call unto me all the prophets of Baal, all his worshippers, and all his priests, let none be wanting; for I have a great sacrifice to do to Baal; whosoever shall be wanting, he shall not live.' But Jehu did it in subtlety, to the intent that he might destroy the worshippers of Baal.
Καὶ νῦν πάντες οἱ προφῆται τοῦ Βάαλ πάντας τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς αὐτοῦ καλέσατε πρὸς μὲ, ἀνὴρ μὴ ἐπισκεπήτω, ὅτι θυσία μεγάλη μοι τῷ Βάαλ· πᾶς ὃς ἐὰν ἐπισκεπῇ, οὐ ζήσεται· καὶ Ἰοὺ ἐποίησεν ἐν πτερνισμῷ, ἵνʼ ἀπολέσῃ τοὺς δούλους τοῦ Βάαλ.
Now then do all [ye] the prophets of Baal call all his servants and his priests to me; let not a man be wanting: for I have a great sacrifice [to offer] to Baal; everyone who shall be missing shall die. But Jehu did it in subtlety, that he might destroy the servants of Baal.
20
וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא קַדְּשׁוּ עֲצָרָה לַבַּעַל וַיִּקְרָאוּ
And Jehu said: 'Sanctify a solemn assembly for Baal.' And they proclaimed it.
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἰοὺ, ἁγιάσατε ἱερείαν τῷ Βάαλ· καὶ ἐκήρυξν.
And Jehu said, Sanctify a solemn festival to Baal, and they made a proclamation.
21
וַיִּשְׁלַח יֵהוּא בְּכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיָּבֹאוּ כָּל־עֹבְדֵי הַבַּעַל וְלֹא־נִשְׁאַר אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא־בָא וַיָּבֹאוּ בֵּית הַבַּעַל וַיִּמָּלֵא בֵית־הַבַּעַל פֶּה לָפֶה
And Jehu sent through all Israel; and all the worshippers of Baal came, so that there was not a man left that came not. And they came into the house of Baal; and the house of Baal was filled from one end to another.
Καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ἰοὺ ἐν παντὶ Ἰσραὴλ, λέγων, καὶ νῦν πάντες οἱ δοῦλοι, καὶ πάντες οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάντες οἱ προθῆται αὐτοῦ, μηδεὶς ἀπολιπέσθω, ὅτι θυσίαν μεγάλην ποιῶ· ὃς ἂν ἀπολειφθῇ, οὐ ζήσεται· καὶ ἦλθον πάντες οἱ δοῦλοι τοῦ Βάαλ, καὶ πάντες οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάντες οἱ προφῆται αὐτοῦ· οὐ κατελείφθη ἀνὴρ ὃς οὐ παρεγένετο· καὶ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Βάαλ· καὶ ἐπλήσθη ὁ οἶκος τοῦ Βάαλ στόμα εἰς στόμα.
And Jehu sent throughout all Israel, saying, Now then let all [Baal’s] servants, and all his priests, and all his prophets [come], let none be lacking: for I am going to offer a great sacrifice; whosoever shall be missing, shall not live. So all the servants of Baal came, and all his priests, and all his prophets: there was not one left who came not. And they entered into the house of Baal; and the house of Baal was filled from one end to the other.
22
וַיֹּאמֶר לַאֲשֶׁר עַל־הַמֶּלְתָּחָה הוֹצֵא לְבוּשׁ לְכֹל עֹבְדֵי הַבָּעַל וַיֹּצֵא לָהֶם הַמַּלְבּוּשׁ
And he said unto him that was over the vestry: 'Bring forth vestments for all the worshippers of Baal.' And he brought them forth vestments.
Καὶ εἶπε τῷ ἐπὶ τοῦ οἴκου μεσθάαλ, ἐξάγαγε ἔνδυμα πᾶσι τοῖς δούλοις τοῦ Βάαλ· καὶ ἐξήνεγκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ στολιστής.
And he said to the man who was over the house of the wardrobe, Bring forth a robe for all the servants of Baal. And the keeper of the robes brought forth to them.
23
וַיָּבֹא יֵהוּא וִיהוֹנָדָב בֶּן־רֵכָב בֵּית הַבָּעַל וַיֹּאמֶר לְעֹבְדֵי הַבַּעַל חַפְּשׂוּ וּרְאוּ פֶּן־יֶשׁ־פֹּה עִמָּכֶם מֵעַבְדֵי יְהוָה כִּי אִם־עֹבְדֵי הַבַּעַל לְבַדָּם
And Jehu went, and Jehonadab the son of Rechab, into the house of Baal; and he said unto the worshippers of Baal: 'Search, and look that there be here with you none of the servants of HaShem, but the worshippers of Baal only.'
Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ἰοὺ καὶ Ἰωναδὰβ υἱὸς Ῥηχὰβ εἰς οἶκον τοῦ Βάαλ, καὶ εἶπε τοῖς δούλοις τοῦ Βάαλ, ἐρευνήσατε καὶ ἴδετε, εἰ ἔστι μεθʼ ὑμῶν τῶν δούλων Κυρίου, ὅτι ἀλλʼ ἢ οἱ δοῦλοι τοῦ Βάαλ μονώτατοι.
And Jehu and Jonadab the son of Rechab entered into the house of Baal, and said to the servants of Baal, Search, and see whether there is among you any of the servants of the Lord, or only the servants of Baal, by themselves.
24
וַיָּבֹאוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת זְבָחִים וְעֹלוֹת וְיֵהוּא שָׂם־לוֹ בַחוּץ שְׁמֹנִים אִישׁ וַיֹּאמֶר הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִמָּלֵט מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי מֵבִיא עַל־יְדֵיכֶם נַפְשׁוֹ תַּחַת נַפְשׁוֹ
And they went in to offer sacrifices and burnt-offerings. Now Jehu had appointed him fourscore men without, and said: 'If any of the men whom I bring into your hands escape, his life shall be for the life of him.'
Καὶ εἰσῆλθε τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὰ θύματα καὶ τὰ ὁλοκαυτώματα· καὶ Ἰοὺ ἔταξεν ἑαυτῷ ἔξω ὀγδοήκοντα ἄνδρας, καὶ εἶπεν, ἀνὴρ ὃς ἐὰν διασωθῇ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ὧν ἐγὼ ἀνάγω ἐπὶ χεῖρα ὑμῶν, ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ ἀντὶ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ.
And he went in to offer sacrifices and whole burnt offerings; and Jehu set for himself eighty men without, and said, Every man who shall escape of the men whom I bring into your hand, the life of him [that spares him] shall go for his life.
25
וַיְהִי כְּכַלֹּתוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת הָעֹלָה וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא לָרָצִים וְלַשָּׁלִשִׁים בֹּאוּ הַכּוּם אִישׁ אַל־יֵצֵא וַיַּכּוּם לְפִי־חָרֶב וַיַּשְׁלִכוּ הָרָצִים וְהַשָּׁלִשִׁים וַיֵּלְכוּ עַד־עִיר בֵּית־הַבָּעַל
And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt-offering, that Jehu said to the guard and to the captains: 'Go in, and slay them; let none come forth.' And they smote them with the edge of the sword; and the guard and the captains cast them out, and went to the city of the house of Baal.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς συνετέλεσε ποιῶν τὴν ὁλοκαύτωσιν, καὶ εἶπεν Ἰοὺ τοῖς παρατρέχουσιν καὶ τοῖς τριστάταις, εἰσελθόντες πατάξατε αὐτοὺς, μὴ ἐξελθάτω ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀνήρ· καὶ ἐπάταξαν αὐτοὺς ἐν στόματι ῥομφαίας, καὶ ἔῤῥιψαν οἱ παρατρέχοντες καὶ οἱ τριστάται, καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ἕως πόλεως οἴκου τοῦ Βάαλ.
And it came to pass, when he had finished offering the whole burnt offering, that Jehu said to the footmen and the officers, Go ye in and slay them; let not a man of them escape. So they smote them with the edge of the sword, and the footmen and the officers cast [the bodies] forth, and went to the city of the house of Baal.
26
וַיֹּצִאוּ אֶת־מַצְּבוֹת בֵּית־הַבַּעַל וַיִּשְׂרְפוּהָ
And they brought forth the pillars that were in the house of Baal, and burned them.
Καὶ ἐξήνεγκαν τὴν στήλην τοῦ Βάαλ, καὶ ἐνέπρησαν αὐτήν.
And they brought out the pillar of Baal, and burned it.
27
וַיִּתְּצוּ אֵת מַצְּבַת הַבָּעַל וַיִּתְּצוּ אֶת־בֵּית הַבַּעַל וַיְשִׂמֻהוּ למחראות לְמוֹצָאוֹת עַד־הַיּוֹם
And they broke down the pillar of Baal, and broke down the house of Baal, and made it a draught-house, unto this day.
Καὶ κατέσπασαν τὰς στήλας τοῦ Βάαλ, καὶ ἔπαξαν αὐτὸν εἰς λυτρῶνας ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης.
And they tore down the pillars of Baal, and made his house a draughthouse until this day.
28
וַיַּשְׁמֵד יֵהוּא אֶת־הַבַּעַל מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל
Thus Jehu destroyed Baal out of Israel.
Καὶ ἠφάνισεν Ἰοὺ τὸν Βάαλ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ.
So Jehu abolished Baal out of Israel.
29
רַק חֲטָאֵי יָרָבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט אֲשֶׁר הֶחֱטִיא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא־סָר יֵהוּא מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶם עֶגְלֵי הַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר בֵּית־אֵל וַאֲשֶׁר בְּדָן
Howbeit from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, wherewith he made Israel to sin, Jehu departed not from after them, the golden calves that were in Beth-el, and that were in Dan.
Πλὴν ἁμαρτιῶν Ἰεροβοὰμ υἱοῦ Ναβὰτ ὃς ἐξήμαρτε τὸν Ἰσραὴλ, οὐκ ἀπέστη Ἰοὺ ἀπὸ ὄπισθεν αὐτῶν· αἱ δαμάλεις αἱ χρυσαῖ ἐν Βαιθὴλ, καὶ ἐν Δάν.
Nevertheless Jehu departed not from following the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who led Israel to sin: [these were] the golden heifers in Bethel and in Dan.
30
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־יֵהוּא יַעַן אֲשֶׁר־הֱטִיבֹתָ לַעֲשׂוֹת הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינַי כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר בִּלְבָבִי עָשִׂיתָ לְבֵית אַחְאָב בְּנֵי רְבִעִים יֵשְׁבוּ לְךָ עַל־כִּסֵּא יִשְׂרָאֵל
And HaShem said unto Jehu: 'Because thou hast done well in executing that which is right in Mine eyes, and hast done unto the house of Ahab according to all that was in My heart, thy sons of the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of Israel.'
Καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς Ἰοὺ, ἀνθʼ ὧν ὅσα ἠγάθυνας ποιῆσαι τὸ εὐθὲς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς μου κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου ἐποίησας τῷ οἴκῳ Ἀχαὰβ, υἱοὶ τέταρτοι καθήσονταί σοι ἐπὶ θρόνου Ἰσραήλ.
And the Lord said to Jehu, Because of all thy deeds wherein thou hast acted well in doing that which was right in my eyes, according to all things which thou hast done to the house of Ahab [as they were] in my heart, thy sons to the fourth generation shall sit upon the throne of Israel.
31
וְיֵהוּא לֹא שָׁמַר לָלֶכֶת בְּתוֹרַת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכָל־לְבָבוֹ לֹא סָר מֵעַל חַטֹּאות יָרָבְעָם אֲשֶׁר הֶחֱטִיא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל
But Jehu took no heed to walk in the law of HaShem, the G-d of Israel, with all his heart; he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam, wherewith he made Israel to sin.
Καὶ Ἰοὺ οὐκ ἐφύλαξε πορεύεσθαι ἐν νόμῳ Κυρίου θεοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ· οὐκ ἀπέστη ἑπάνωθεν ἁμαρτιῶν Ἰεροβοὰμ ὃς ἐξήμαρτε τὸν Ἰσραήλ.
But Jehu took no heed to walk in the law of the Lord God of Israel with all his heart: he departed not from following the sins of Jeroboam, who made Israel to sin.
32
בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם הֵחֵל יְהוָה לְקַצּוֹת בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּכֵּם חֲזָאֵל בְּכָל־גְּבוּל יִשְׂרָאֵל
In those days HaShem began to cut Israel short; and Hazael smote them in all the borders of Israel:
Ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἤρξατο Κύριος συγκόπτειν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραήλ· καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτοὺς Ἀζαὴλ ἐν παντὶ ὁρίῳ Ἰσραὴλ,
In those days the Lord began to cut Israel short; and Hazael smote them in every coast of Israel;
33
מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּן מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ אֵת כָּל־אֶרֶץ הַגִּלְעָד הַגָּדִי וְהָרֻאובֵנִי וְהַמְנַשִּׁי מֵעֲרֹעֵר אֲשֶׁר עַל־נַחַל אַרְנֹן וְהַגִּלְעָד וְהַבָּשָׁן
from the Jordan eastward, all the land of Gilead, the Gadites, and the Reubenites, and the Manassites, from Aroer, which is by the valley of Arnon, even Gilead and Bashan.
ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰορδάνου κατʼ ἀνατολὰς ἡλίου πᾶσαν τὴν Γαλαάδ τοῦ Γαδδὶ, καὶ τοῦ Ῥουβὴν, καὶ τοῦ Μανασσῆ, ἀπὸ Ἀροὴρ, ἥ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῦ χείλους χειμάῤῥου Ἀρνὼν, καὶ τὴν Γαλαὰδ καὶ τὴν Βασάν.
from Jordan eastward all the land of Gilead belonging to the Gadites, of Gad and that of Reuben, and of Manasseh, from Aroer, which is on the brink of the brook of Arnon, and Gilead and Bashan.
34
וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי יֵהוּא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וְכָל־גְּבוּרָתוֹ הֲלוֹא־הֵם כְּתוּבִים עַל־סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
Now the rest of the acts of Jehu, and all that he did, and all his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
Καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ἰοὺ καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησε, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ δυναστεία αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰς συνάψεις ἃς συνῆψεν, οὐχὶ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐπὶ βιβλίου λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν Ἰσραήλ;
And the rest of the acts of Jehu, and all that he did, and all his might, and the wars wherein he engaged, [are] not these things written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
35
וַיִּשְׁכַּב יֵהוּא עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן וַיִּמְלֹךְ יְהוֹאָחָז בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּיו
And Jehu slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Samaria. And Jehoahaz his son reigned in his stead.
Καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ἰοὺ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ· καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἰωάχαζ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ.
And Jehu slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Samaria: and Jehoahaz his son reigned in his stead.
36
וְהַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר מָלַךְ יֵהוּא עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה־שָׁנָה בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן
And the time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria was twenty and eight years.
Καὶ αἱ ἡμέραι ἃς ἐβασίλευσεν Ἰοὺ ἐπὶ Ἰσραὴλ εἰκοσιοκτὼ ἔτη ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ.
And the days which Jehu reigned over Israel [were] twenty-eight years in Samaria.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

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