Textorah

II Chronicles 36

1
וַיִּקְחוּ עַם־הָאָרֶץ אֶת־יְהוֹאָחָז בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ וַיַּמְלִיכֻהוּ תַחַת־אָבִיו בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and made him king in his father's stead in Jerusalem.
Καὶ ἔλαβεν ὁ λαὸς τῆς γῆς τὸν Ἰωάχαζ υἱὸν Ἰωσίου, καὶ ἔχρισαν αὐτὸν, καὶ κατέστησαν αὐτὸν ἀντὶ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ εἰς βασιλέα ἐπὶ Ἱερουσαλήμ.
And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king over Jerusalem in the room of his father.
2
בֶּן־שָׁלוֹשׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה יוֹאָחָז בְּמָלְכוֹ וּשְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
Joahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem.
Υἱὸς εἴκοσι καὶ τριῶν ἐτῶν Ἰωάχαζ ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν, καὶ τρίμηνον ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, 2aκαὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἀμιτὰλ, θυγάτηρ Ἱερεμίου ἐκ Λοβνά· 2bκαὶ ἐποίησε τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον Κυρίου κατὰ πάντα ἃ ἐποίησαν οἱ πατέρες αὐτοῦ· 2cκαὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν Φαραὼ Νεχαὼ ἐν Δεβλαθὰ ἐν γῇ Αἰμὰθ, τοῦ μὴ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ.
Jehoahaz [was] twenty-three years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem:
3
וַיְסִירֵהוּ מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וַיַּעֲנֹשׁ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ מֵאָה כִכַּר־כֶּסֶף וְכִכַּר זָהָב
And the king of Egypt deposed him at Jerusalem, and fined the land a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
Καὶ μετήγαγεν αὐτὸν ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς Αἴγυπτον, καὶ ἐπέβαλε φόρον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, ἑκατὸν τάλαντα ἀργυρίου καὶ τάλαντον χρυσίου.
And the king brought him over to Egypt; and imposed a tribute on the land, a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
4
וַיַּמְלֵךְ מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם אֶת־אֶלְיָקִים אָחִיו עַל־יְהוּדָה וִירוּשָׁלִַם וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יְהוֹיָקִים וְאֶת־יוֹאָחָז אָחִיו לָקַח נְכוֹ וַיְבִיאֵהוּ מִצְרָיְמָה
And the king of Egypt made Eliakim his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem, and changed his name to Jehoiakim. And Neco took Joahaz his brother, and carried him to Egypt.
Καὶ κατέστησε Φαραὼ Νεχαὼ τὸν Ἐλιακὶμ υἱὸν Ἰωσίου βασιλέα ἐπὶ Ἰούδα ἀντὶ Ἰωσίου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ μετέστρεψε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰωακίμ· καὶ τὸν Ἰωαχαζ ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ ἔλαβε Φαραὼ Νεχαὼ, καὶ εἰσήγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς Αἴγυπτον, καὶ ἀπέθανεν ἐκεῖ· 4aκαὶ τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον ἔδωκε τῷ Φαραῷ· τότε ἤρξατο ἡ γῆ φορολογεῖσθαι τοῦ δοῦναι τὸ ἀργύριον ἐπὶ στόμα Φαραώ· καὶ ἕκαστος κατὰ δύναμιν ἀπῄτει τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον παρὰ τοῦ λαοῦ τῆς γῆς, δοῦναι Φαραῷ Νεχαῷ.
And Pharaoh Neco made Eliakim the son of Josiah king over Judah in the room of his father Josiah, and changed his name [to] Jehoiakim. And Pharaoh Neco took his brother Jehoahaz and brought him into Egypt, and he died there:
5
בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנָה יְהוֹיָקִים בְּמָלְכוֹ וְאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה אֱלֹהָיו
Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem; and he did that which was evil in the sight of HaShem his G-d.
Ὢν εἴκοσι καὶ πέντε ἐτῶν Ἰωακὶμ ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἕνδεκα ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Ζεχωρὰ, θυγάτηρ Νηρίου ἐκ Ῥαμά. καὶ ἐποίησε τὸ πονηρὸν ἐναντίον Κυρίου κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησαν οἱ πατέρες αὐτοῦ. 5aἘν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ἦλθε Ναβουχοδονόσορ ὁ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ δουλεύων τρία ἔτη, καὶ ἀπέστη ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ· 5bκαὶ ἀπέστειλε Κύριος ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς τοὺς Χαλδαίους, καὶ λῃστήρια Σύρων, καὶ λῃστήρια Μωαβιτῶν, καὶ υἱῶν Ἀμμὼν, καὶ τῆς Σαμαρείας, καὶ ἀπέστησαν μετὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦτον κατὰ τὸν λόγον Κυρίου ἐν χειρὶ τῶν παίδων αὐτοῦ τῶν προφητῶν· 5cπλὴν θυμὸς Κυρίου ἦν ἐπὶ Ἰούδαν, τοῦ ἀποστῆναι αὐτὸν ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας Μανασσῆ ἐν πᾶσιν οἷς ἐποίησε, 5dκαὶ ἐν αἵματι ἀθώῳ ᾧ ἐξέχεεν Ἰωακὶμ, καὶ ἔπλησε τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ αἵματος ἀθώου, καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησε Κύριος ἐξολοθρεῦσαι αὐτούς.
Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem: and his mother’s name [was] Zechora, daughter of Nerias of Rumah. And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his fathers did.
6
עָלָיו עָלָה נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל וַיַּאַסְרֵהוּ בַּנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם לְהֹלִיכוֹ בָּבֶלָה
Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and bound him in fetters, to carry him to Babylon.
Καὶ ἀνέβη ἐπʼ αὐτὸν Ναβουχοδονόσορ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐν χαλκαῖς πέδαις, καὶ ἀπήγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα.
And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against him, and bound him with brazen fetters, and carried him away to Babylon.
7
וּמִכְּלֵי בֵּית יְהוָה הֵבִיא נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר לְבָבֶל וַיִּתְּנֵם בְּהֵיכָלוֹ בְּבָבֶל
Nebuchadnezzar also carried of the vessels of the house of HaShem to Babylon, and put them in his temple at Babylon.
Καὶ μήρος τῶν σκευῶν σἴκου Κυρίου ἀπήνεγκεν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα, καὶ ἔθηκεν αὐτὰ ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτοῦ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι.
And he carried away a part of the vessels of the house of the Lord to Babylon, and put them in his temple in Babylon.
8
וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי יְהוֹיָקִים וְתֹעֲבֹתָיו אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה וְהַנִּמְצָא עָלָיו הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים עַל־סֵפֶר מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוּדָה וַיִּמְלֹךְ יְהוֹיָכִין בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּיו
Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and his abominations which he did, and that which was found in him, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah; and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his stead.
Καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ἰωακὶμ καὶ πάντα ἃ ἐποίησεν, οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐν βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν Ἰούδα; καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ἰωακὶμ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐτάφη ἐν γανοζαὴ μετὰ τὼν πατέρων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἰεχονίας υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ.
And the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and all that he did, behold, [are] not these things written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? And Jehoiakim slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in Ganozae: and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his stead.
9
בֶּן־שְׁמוֹנֶה שָׁנִים יְהוֹיָכִין בְּמָלְכוֹ וּשְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים וַעֲשֶׂרֶת יָמִים מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה
Jehoiachin was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem; and he did that which was evil in the sight of HaShem.
Ὀκτὼ ἐτῶν Ἰεχονίας ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν, καὶ τρίμηνον καὶ δέκα ἡμέρας ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ ἐποίησε τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον Κυρίου.
Jehoiachin [was] eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem, and did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord.
10
וְלִתְשׁוּבַת הַשָּׁנָה שָׁלַח הַמֶּלֶךְ נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר וַיְבִאֵהוּ בָבֶלָה עִם־כְּלֵי חֶמְדַּת בֵּית־יְהוָה וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֶת־צִדְקִיָּהוּ אָחִיו עַל־יְהוּדָה וִירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
And at the return of the year king Nebuchadnezzar sent, and brought him to Babylon, with the goodly vessels of the house of HaShem, and made Zedekiah his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem.
Καὶ ἐπιστρέφοντος τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ, ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ναβουχοδονόσορ, καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν αὐτὸν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα μετὰ τῶν σκευῶν τῶν ἐπιθυμητῶν οἴκου Κυρίου· καὶ ἐβασίλευσε Σεδεκίαν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ Ἰούδαν καὶ Ἱερουσαλήμ.
And at the turn of the year, King Nebuchadnezzar sent, and brought him to Babylon, with the precious vessels of the house of the Lord, and made Zedekiah his father’s brother king over Judah and Jerusalem.
11
בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה צִדְקִיָּהוּ בְמָלְכוֹ וְאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem;
Ἐτῶν εἴκοσι υἱὸς καὶ ἑνὸς ἔτου Σεδεκίας ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἕνδεκα ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ.
Zedekiah [was] twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem.
12
וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה אֱלֹהָיו לֹא נִכְנַע מִלִּפְנֵי יִרְמְיָהוּ הַנָּבִיא מִפִּי יְהוָה
and he did that which was evil in the sight of HaShem his G-d; he humbled not himself before Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of HaShem.
Καὶ ἐποίησε τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον Κορίου Θεοῦ αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἐνετράπη ἀπὸ προσώπου Ἱερεμίου τοῦ προφήτου καὶ ἐκ στόματος Κυρίου,
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord his God: he was not ashamed before the prophet Jeremiah, nor because of the word of the Lord;
13
וְגַם בַּמֶּלֶךְ נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר מָרָד אֲשֶׁר הִשְׁבִּיעוֹ בֵּאלֹהִים וַיֶּקֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ וַיְאַמֵּץ אֶת־לְבָבוֹ מִשּׁוּב אֶל־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by G-d; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto HaShem, the G-d of Israel.
ἐν τῷ τὰ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Ναβουχοδονόσορ ἀθετῆσαι, ἃ ὥρκισεν αὐτὸν κατὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἐσκλήρυνε τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ κατίσχυσε, τοῦ μὴ ἐπιστρέψαι πρὸς Κύριον Θεὸν Ἰσραήλ.
in that he rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, which he adjured him by God [not to do]: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart, so as not to return to the Lord God of Israel.
14
גַּם כָּל־שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהָעָם הִרְבּוּ לִמְעָול־מַעַל כְּכֹל תֹּעֲבוֹת הַגּוֹיִם וַיְטַמְּאוּ אֶת־בֵּית יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הִקְדִּישׁ בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
Moreover all the chiefs of the priests, and the people, transgressed very greatly after all the abominations of the nations; and they polluted the house of HaShem which He had hallowed in Jerusalem.
Καὶ πάντες οἱ ἔνδοξοι Ἰούδα, καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς, καὶ ὁ λαὸς τῆς γῆς ἐπλήθυναν τοῦ ἀθετῆσαι ἀθετήματα βδελυγμάτων ἐθνῶν, καὶ ἐμίαναν τὸν οἶκον Κυρίου τὸν ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ.
And all the great men of Judah, and the priests, and the people of the land transgressed abundantly in the abominations of the heathen, and polluted the house of the Lord which [was] in Jerusalem.
15
וַיִּשְׁלַח יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם עֲלֵיהֶם בְּיַד מַלְאָכָיו הַשְׁכֵּם וְשָׁלוֹחַ כִּי־חָמַל עַל־עַמּוֹ וְעַל־מְעוֹנוֹ
And HaShem, the G-d of their fathers, sent to them by His messengers, sending betimes and often; because He had compassion on His people, and on His dwelling-place;
Καὶ ἐξαπέστειλε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν ἐν χειρὶ τῶν προθητῶν αὐτοῦ, ὀρθρίζων καὶ ἀποστέλλων τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἦν φειδόμενος τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοῦ ἁγιάσματος αὐτοῦ.
And the Lord God of their fathers sent by the hand of his prophets; rising early and sending his messengers, for he spared his people, and his sanctuary.
16
וַיִּהְיוּ מַלְעִבִים בְּמַלְאֲכֵי הָאֱלֹהִים וּבוֹזִים דְּבָרָיו וּמִתַּעְתְּעִים בִּנְבִאָיו עַד עֲלוֹת חֲמַת־יְהוָה בְּעַמּוֹ עַד־לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא
but they mocked the messengers of G-d, and despised His words, and scoffed at His prophets, until the wrath of HaShem arose against His people, till there was no remedy.
Καὶ ἦσαν μυκτηρίζοντες τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξουθενοῦντες τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐμπαίζοντες ἐν τοῖς προφήταις αὐτοῦ, ἕως ἀνέβη ὁ θυμὸς Κυρίου ἐν τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ, ἕως οὐκ ἦν ἴαμα.
Nevertheless they sneered at his messengers, and set at nought his words, and mocked his prophets, until the wrath of the Lord rose up against his people, till there was no remedy.
17
וַיַּעַל עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת־מֶלֶךְ כשדיים כַּשְׂדִּים וַיַּהֲרֹג בַּחוּרֵיהֶם בַּחֶרֶב בְּבֵית מִקְדָּשָׁם וְלֹא חָמַל עַל־בָּחוּר וּבְתוּלָה זָקֵן וְיָשֵׁשׁ הַכֹּל נָתַן בְּיָדוֹ
Therefore He brought upon them the king of the Chaldeans, who slew their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion upon young man or maiden, old man or hoary-headed; He gave them all into his hand.
Καὶ ἤγαγεν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς βασιλέα Χαλδαίων, καὶ ἀπέκτεινε τοὺς νεανίσκους αὐτῶν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἐν οἴκῳ ἁγιάσματος αὐτοῦ· καὶ οὐκ ἐφείσατο τοῦ Σεδεκίου, καὶ τὰς παρθένους αὐτῶν οὐκ ἠλέησε, καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους αὐτῶν ἀπήγαγον· τὰ πάντα παρέδωκεν ἐν χερσὶν αὐτῶν.
And he brought against them the king of the Chaldeans, and slew their young men with the sword in the house of his sanctuary, and did not spare Zedekiah, and had no mercy upon their virgins, and they led away their old men: he delivered all things into their hands.
18
וְכֹל כְּלֵי בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים הַגְּדֹלִים וְהַקְּטַנִּים וְאֹצְרוֹת בֵּית יְהוָה וְאֹצְרוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ וְשָׂרָיו הַכֹּל הֵבִיא בָבֶל
And all the vessels of the house of G-d, great and small, and the treasures of the house of HaShem, and the treasures of the king, and of his princes; all these he brought to Babylon.
Καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρὰ, καὶ τοὺς θησαυροὺς, οἴκου καὶ Κυρίου, καὶ πάντας τοὺς θησαυροὺς τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῶν μεγιστάνων, πάντα εἰσήνεγκεν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα.
And all the vessels of the house of God, the great and the small, and the treasures of the house of the Lord, and all the treasures of the king and the great men; he brought all to Babylon.
19
וַיִּשְׂרְפוּ אֶת־בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים וַיְנַתְּצוּ אֵת חוֹמַת יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וְכָל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶיהָ שָׂרְפוּ בָאֵשׁ וְכָל־כְּלֵי מַחֲמַדֶּיהָ לְהַשְׁחִית
And they burnt the house of G-d, and broke down the wall of Jerusalem, and burnt all the palaces thereof with fire, and destroyed all the goodly vessels thereof.
Καὶ ἐνέπρησε τὸν οἶκον Κυρίου, καὶ κατέσκαψε τὸ τεῖχος Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ τὰς βάρεις αὐτῆς ἐνέπρησεν ἐν πυρί, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ὡραῖον εἰς ἀφανισμόν.
And he burned the house of the Lord, and broke down the wall of Jerusalem, and burned its palaces with fire, and [utterly destroyed] every beautiful vessel.
20
וַיֶּגֶל הַשְּׁאֵרִית מִן־הַחֶרֶב אֶל־בָּבֶל וַיִּהְיוּ־לוֹ וּלְבָנָיו לַעֲבָדִים עַד־מְלֹךְ מַלְכוּת פָּרָס
And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away to Babylon; and they were servants to him and his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia;
Καὶ ἀπῴκισε τοὺς καταλοίπους εἰς Βαβυλῶνα, καὶ ἦσαν αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ εἰς δούλους ἕως βασιλείας Μήδων,
And he carried away the remnant to Babylon; and they were servants to him and to his sons until [the establishment of] the kingdom of the Medes.
21
לְמַלֹּאות דְּבַר־יְהוָה בְּפִי יִרְמְיָהוּ עַד־רָצְתָה הָאָרֶץ אֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתֶיהָ כָּל־יְמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה שָׁבָתָה לְמַלֹּאות שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה
to fulfil the word of HaShem by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had been paid her sabbaths; for as long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore and ten years.
τοῦ πληρωθῆναι λόγον Κυρίου διὰ στόματος Ἱερεμίου, ἕως τοῦ προσδέξασθαι τὴν γῆν τὰ σάββατα αὐτῆς σαββατίσαι, πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἐρημώσεως αὐτῆς σαββατίσαι εἰς συμπλήρωσιν ἐτῶν ἑβδομήκοντα.
That the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, until the land should enjoy its Sabbaths in resting [and] Sabbath keeping all the days of its desolation, till the accomplishment of seventy years.
22
וּבִשְׁנַת אַחַת לְכוֹרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס לִכְלוֹת דְּבַר־יְהוָה בְּפִי יִרְמְיָהוּ הֵעִיר יְהוָה אֶת־רוּחַ כּוֹרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ־פָּרַס וַיַּעֲבֶר־קוֹל בְּכָל־מַלְכוּתוֹ וְגַם־בְּמִכְתָּב לֵאמֹר
Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of HaShem by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, HaShem stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying:
Ἔτους πρώτου Κύρου βασιλέως Περσῶν, μετὰ τὸ πληρωθῆναι ῥῆμα Κυρίου διὰ στὸματος Ἱερεμίου, ἐξήγειρε Κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα Κύρου βασιλέως Περσῶν, καὶ παρήγγειλε κηρύξαι ἐν πάσῃ τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ ἑν γραπτῷ, λέγων,
In the first year of Cyrus king of the Persians, after the fulfillment of the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of the Persians, and told him to make proclamation in writing throughout all his kingdom, saying,
23
כֹּה־אָמַר כּוֹרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס כָּל־מַמְלְכוֹת הָאָרֶץ נָתַן לִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהוּא־פָקַד עָלַי לִבְנוֹת־לוֹ בַיִת בִּירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם אֲשֶׁר בִּיהוּדָה מִי־בָכֶם מִכָּל־עַמּוֹ יְהוָה אֱלֹהָיו עִמּוֹ וְיָעַל 822 36 4 4
`Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia: All the kingdoms of the earth hath HaShem, the G-d of heaven, given me; and He hath charged me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whosoever there is among you of all His people--the HaShem his G-d be with him--let him go up.'
Τάδε λέγει Κῦρος βασιλεὺς Περσῶν πάσαις ταῖς βασιλείαις τῆς γῆς, ἔδωκέ μοι Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐνετείλατό μοι οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον αὐτῷ ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ· τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐκ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ; ἔσται Θεὸς αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναβήτω.
Thus says Cyrus king of the Persians to all the kingdoms of the earth, The Lord God of heaven has given me [power], and he has commanded me to build a house to him in Jerusalem, in Judea. Who [is there] of you of all his people? his God shall be with him, and let him go up.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: Credits and licences.