Textorah

II Chronicles 33

1
בֶּן־שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה מְנַשֶּׁה בְמָלְכוֹ וַחֲמִשִּׁים וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנָה מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign; and he reigned fifty and five years in Jerusalem.
Ὢν δεκαδύο ἐτῶν Μανασσῆς ἐν τῷ βασιλεῦσαι αὐτὸν, καὶ πεντηκονταπέντε ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ.
Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-five years in Jerusalem.
2
וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה כְּתוֹעֲבוֹת הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר הוֹרִישׁ יְהוָה מִפְּנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
And he did that which was evil in the sight of HaShem, after the abominations of the nations, whom HaShem cast out before the children of Israel.
Καὶ ἐποίησε τὸ πονηρὸν ἐναντίον Κυρίου ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν βδελυγμάτων τῶν ἐθνῶν, οὓς ἐξωλόθρευσε Κύριος ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ.
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all the abominations of the heathen, whom the Lord destroyed from before the face of the children of Israel.
3
וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּבֶן אֶת־הַבָּמוֹת אֲשֶׁר נִתַּץ יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ אָבִיו וַיָּקֶם מִזְבְּחוֹת לַבְּעָלִים וַיַּעַשׂ אֲשֵׁרוֹת וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ לְכָל־צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם וַיַּעֲבֹד אֹתָם
For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down; and he reared up altars for the Baalim, and made Asheroth, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them.
Καὶ ἐπέστρεψε καὶ ᾠκοδόμησε τὰ ὑψηλὰ, ἃ κατέσπασεν Ἐζεκίας ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔστησε στήλας τοῖς Βααλὶμ, καὶ ἐποίησεν ἄλση, καὶ προσεκύνησεν πάσῃ τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἐδούλευσεν αὐτοῖς.
And he returned and built the high places, which his father Hezekiah had pulled down, and set up images to Baalim, and made groves, and worshiped all the host of heaven, and served them.
4
וּבָנָה מִזְבְּחוֹת בְּבֵית יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר אָמַר יְהוָה בִּירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם יִהְיֶה־שְּׁמִי לְעוֹלָם
And he built altars in the house of HaShem, whereof HaShem said: 'In Jerusalem shall My name be for ever.'
Καὶ ᾠκοδόμησε θυσιαστήρια ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου, οὗ εἶπε Κύριος, ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἔσται τὸ ὄνομά μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.
And he built altars in the house of the Lord, concerning which the Lord said, In Jerusalem shall be my name forever.
5
וַיִּבֶן מִזְבְּחוֹת לְכָל־צְבָא הַשָּׁמָיִם בִּשְׁתֵּי חַצְרוֹת בֵּית־יְהוָה
And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of HaShem.
Καὶ ᾠκοδόμησε θυσιαστήρια πάσῃ τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐν ταῖς δυσὶν αὐλαῖς οἴκου Κυρίου.
And he built altars to all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the Lord.
6
וְהוּא הֶעֱבִיר אֶת־בָּנָיו בָּאֵשׁ בְּגֵי בֶן־הִנֹּם וְעוֹנֵן וְנִחֵשׁ וְכִשֵּׁף וְעָשָׂה אוֹב וְיִדְּעוֹנִי הִרְבָּה לַעֲשׂוֹת הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה לְהַכְעִיסוֹ
He also made his children to pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom; and he practised soothsaying, and used enchantments, and practised sorcery, and appointed them that divined by a ghost or a familiar spirit; he wrought much evil in the sight of HaShem, to provoke Him.
Καὶ αὐτὸς διήγαγε τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ ἐν πυρὶ ἐν γὲ Βενεννόμ· καὶ ἐκληδονίζετο, καὶ οἰωνίζετο, καὶ ἐφαρμακεύετο, καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐγγαστριμύθους καὶ ἐπᾳοιδοὺς, καὶ ἐπλήθυνε τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὸ πονηρὸν ἐναντίον Κυρίου τοῦ παροργίσαι αὐτόν.
He also passed his children through the fire in the Valley of Ben-hinnom; and he divined, and used auspices, and sorceries, and appointed those who had divining spirits, and enchanters, and wrought abundant wickedness before the Lord, to provoke him.
7
וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת־פֶּסֶל הַסֶּמֶל אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה בְּבֵית הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר אָמַר אֱלֹהִים אֶל־דָּוִיד וְאֶל־שְׁלֹמֹה בְנוֹ בַּבַּיִת הַזֶּה וּבִירוּשָׁלִַם אֲשֶׁר בָּחַרְתִּי מִכֹּל שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָשִׂים אֶת־שְׁמִי לְעֵילוֹם
And he set the graven image of the idol, which he had made, in the house of G-d, of which G-d said to David and to Solomon his son: 'In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, will I put My name for ever;
Καὶ ἔθηκε τὸ γλυπτὸν, τὸ χωνευτὸν, εἰκόνα ἣν ἐποίησεν ἐν οἴκῳ Θεοῦ, οὗ εἶπε Θεὸς πρὸς Δαυὶδ καὶ πρὸς Σαλωμὼν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ καὶ Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἣν ἐξελεξάμην ἐκ πασῶν φυλῶν Ἰσραὴλ, θήσω τὸ ὄνομά μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.
And he set the graven [image], the molten [statue], the idol which he made, in the house of God, of which God had said to David and to Solomon his son, In this house, and Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will put my name forever;
8
וְלֹא אוֹסִיף לְהָסִיר אֶת־רֶגֶל יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵעַל ה͏ָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱמַדְתִּי לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶם רַק אִם־יִשְׁמְרוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִים לְכָל־הַתּוֹרָה וְהַחֻקִּים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁה
neither will I any more remove the foot of Israel from off the land which I have appointed for your fathers; if only they will observe to do all that I have commanded them, even all the law and the statutes and the ordinances by the hand of Moses.'
Καὶ οὐ προσθήσω σαλεῦσαι τὸν πόδα Ἰσραὴλ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἧς ἔδωκα τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν, πλὴν ἐὰν φυλάσσωνται τοῦ ποιῆσαι πάντα ἃ ἐνετειλάμην αὐτοῖς κατὰ πάντα τὸν νόμον καὶ τὰ προστάγματα καὶ τὰ κρίματα ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ.
and I will not again remove the foot of Israel from the land which I gave to their fathers, if only they will take heed to do all things which I have commanded them, according to all the law and the ordinances and the judgments [given] by the hand of Moses.
9
וַיֶּתַע מְנַשֶּׁה אֶת־יְהוּדָה וְיֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם לַעֲשׂוֹת רָע מִן־הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר הִשְׁמִיד יְהוָה מִפְּנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
And Manasseh made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to err, so that they did evil more than did the nations, whom HaShem destroyed before the children of Israel.
Καὶ ἐπλάνησε Μανασσῆς τὸν Ἰούδαν καὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὸ πονηρὸν ὑπὲρ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἃ ἐξῇρε Κύριος ἀπὸ προσώπου υἱῶι Ἰσραήλ.
So Manasseh led astray Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, to do evil beyond all the nations which the Lord cast out from before the children of Israel.
10
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מְנַשֶּׁה וְאֶל־עַמּוֹ וְלֹא הִקְשִׁיבוּ
And HaShem spoke to Manasseh, and to his people; but they gave no heed.
Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος ἐπὶ Μανασσῆ καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐπήκουσαν.
And the Lord spoke to Manasseh, and to his people: but they hearkened not.
11
וַיָּבֵא יְהוָה עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת־שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא אֲשֶׁר לְמֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁה בַּחֹחִים וַיַּאַסְרֻהוּ בַּנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם וַיּוֹלִיכֻהוּ בָּבֶלָה
Wherefore HaShem brought upon them the captains of the host of the king of Assyria, who took Manasseh with hooks, and bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon.
Καὶ ἤγαγε Κύριος ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἄρχοντας τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ βασιλέως Ἀσσοὺρ, καὶ κατέλαβον τὸν Μανασσῆ ἐν δεσμοῖς, καὶ ἔδησαν αὐτὸν ἐν πέδαις, καὶ ἤγαγον εἰς Βαβυλῶνα.
And the Lord brought upon them the captains of the host of the king of Assyria, and they took Manasseh in bonds, and bound him in fetters, and brought him to Babylon.
12
וּכְהָצֵר לוֹ חִלָּה אֶת־פְּנֵי יְהוָה אֱלֹהָיו וַיִּכָּנַע מְאֹד מִלִּפְנֵי אֱלֹהֵי אֲבֹתָיו
And when he was in distress, he besought HaShem his G-d, and humbled himself greatly before the G-d of his fathers.
Καὶ ὡς ἐθλίβη, ἐζήτησε τὸ πρόσωπον Θεοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐταπεινώθη σφόδρα ἀπὸ προσώπου Θεοῦ πατέρων αὐτοῦ,
And when he was afflicted, he sought the face of the Lord his God, and was greatly humbled before the face of the God of his fathers;
13
וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל אֵלָיו וַיֵּעָתֶר לוֹ וַיִּשְׁמַע תְּחִנָּתוֹ וַיְשִׁיבֵהוּ יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם לְמַלְכוּתוֹ וַיֵּדַע מְנַשֶּׁה כִּי יְהוָה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים
And he prayed unto Him; and He was entreated of him, and heard his supplication, and brought him back to Jerusalem into his kingdom. Then Manasseh knew that HaShem He was G-d.
καὶ προσηύξατο πρὸς αὐτόν· καὶ ἐπήκουσεν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπήκουσε τῆς βοῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν αὐτὸν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔγνω Μανασσῆς ὅτι Κύριος αὐτός ἐστι Θεός.
and he prayed to him: and he hearkened to him, and listened to his cry, and brought him back to Jerusalem to his kingdom: and Manasseh knew that the Lord he is God.
14
וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵן בָּנָה חוֹמָה חִיצוֹנָה לְעִיר־דָּוִיד מַעְרָבָה לְגִיחוֹן בַּנַּחַל וְלָבוֹא בְשַׁעַר הַדָּגִים וְסָבַב לָעֹפֶל וַיַּגְבִּיהֶהָ מְאֹד וַיָּשֶׂם שָׂרֵי־חַיִל בְּכָל־הֶעָרִים הַבְּצֻרוֹת בִּיהוּדָה
Now after this he built an outer wall to the city of David, on the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entrance at the fish gate; and he compassed about Ophel, and raised it up a very great height; and he put captains of the army in all the fortified cities of Judah.
Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ᾠκοδόμησε τεῖχος ἔξω τῆς πόλεως Δαυὶδ ἀπὸ Λιβὸς κατὰ Νότον ἐν τῷ χειμάῤῥῳ, καὶ κατὰ τὴν εἴσοδον τὴν διὰ τῆς πύλης τῆς ἰχθυϊκῆς ἐκπορευομένων τὴν πύλην τὴν κυκλόθεν, καὶ εἰς Ὄπελ, καὶ ὕψωσε σφόδρα, καὶ κατέστησεν ἄρχοντας τῆς δυνάμεως ἐν πάσαις ταῖς πόλεσι ταῖς τειχήρεσιν ἐν Ἰούδα.
And afterward he built a wall without the city of David, from the southwest southward in the valleys and at the entrance through the Fish Gate, as men go out by the gate round about, even as far as Ophel; and he raised it much, and set captains of the host in all the fortified cities in Judah.
15
וַיָּסַר אֶת־אֱלֹהֵי הַנֵּכָר וְאֶת־הַסֶּמֶל מִבֵּית יְהוָה וְכָל־הַמִּזְבְּחוֹת אֲשֶׁר בָּנָה בְּהַר בֵּית־יְהוָה וּבִירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ חוּצָה לָעִיר
And he took away the strange gods, and the idol out of the house of HaShem, and all the altars that he had built in the mount of the house of HaShem, and in Jerusalem, and cast them out of the city.
Καὶ περιεῖλε τοὺς θεοὺς τοὺς ἀλλοτρίους καὶ τὸ γλυπτὸν ἐξ οἴκου Κυρίου, καὶ πάντα τὰ θυσιαστήρια, ἃ ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐν ὄρει οἴκου Κυρίου καὶ ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ ἔξωθεν τῆς πόλεως·
And he removed the strange gods and the graven [image] out of the house of the Lord, and all the altars which he had built in the mount of the house of the Lord, and in Jerusalem, and without the city.
16
ויכן וַיִּבֶן אֶת־מִזְבַּח יְהוָה וַיִּזְבַּח עָלָיו זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים וְתוֹדָה וַיֹּאמֶר לִיהוּדָה לַעֲבוֹד אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
And he built up the altar of HaShem, and offered thereon sacrifices of peace-offerings and of thanksgiving, and commanded Judah to serve HaShem, the G-d of Israel.
Καὶ κατώρθωσε τὸ θυσιαστήριον Κυρίου, καὶ ἐθυσίασεν ἐπʼ αὐτὸ θυσίαυ σωτηρίου καὶ αἰνέσεως· καὶ εἶπε τῷ Ἰούδα, τοῦ δουλεύειν Κυρίῳ Θεῷ Ἰσραήλ.
And he repaired the altar of the Lord, and offered upon it a sacrifice of peace offering and thank offering, and he told Judah to serve the Lord God of Israel.
17
אֲבָל עוֹד הָעָם זֹבְחִים בַּבָּמוֹת רַק לַיהוָה אֱלֹהֵיהֶם
Nevertheless the people did sacrifice still in the high places, but only unto HaShem their G-d.
Πλὴν ἔτι ὁ λαὸς ἐπὶ τῶν ὑψηλῶν ἐθυσίαζε, πλὴν Κυρίῳ Θεῷ αὐτῶν.
Nevertheless the people still sacrificed on the high places, only to the Lord their God.
18
וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי מְנַשֶּׁה וּתְפִלָּתוֹ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו וְדִבְרֵי הַחֹזִים הַמְדַבְּרִים אֵלָיו בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הִנָּם עַל־דִּבְרֵי מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and his prayer unto his G-d, and the words of the seers that spoke to him in the name of HaShem, the G-d of Israel, behold, they are written among the acts of the kings of Israel.
Καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Μανασσῆ, καὶ ἡ προσευχὴ αὐτοῦ ἡ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ λόγοι τῶν ὁρώντων τῶν λαλούντων πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπʼ ὀνόματι Θεοῦ Ἰσραήλ,
And the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and his prayer to God, and the words of the seers that spoke to him in the name of the God of Israel,
19
וּתְפִלָּתוֹ וְהֵעָתֶר־לוֹ וְכָל־חַטָּאתוֹ וּמַעְלוֹ וְהַמְּקֹמוֹת אֲשֶׁר בָּנָה בָהֶם בָּמוֹת וְהֶעֱמִיד הָאֲשֵׁרִים וְהַפְּסִלִים לִפְנֵי הִכָּנְעוֹ הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים עַל דִּבְרֵי חוֹזָי
His prayer also, and how G-d was entreated of him, and all his sin and his transgression, and the places wherein he built high places, and set up the Asherim and the graven images, before he humbled himself; behold, they are written in the history of the seers.
ἰδοὺ ἐπὶ λόγων προσευχῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐπήκουσεν αὐτοῦ· καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀποστάσεις αὐτοῦ, καὶ οἱ τόποι ἐφʼ οἷς ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐν αὐτοῖς τὰ ὑψηλὰ, καὶ ἔστησεν ἐκεῖ ἄλση καὶ γλυπτὰ, πρὸ τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι, ἰδοὺ γέγραπται ἐπὶ τῶν λόγων τῶν ὁρώντων.
behold, [they are] in the account of his prayer; and [God] hearkened to him. And all his sins, and his backslidings, and the spots on which he built the high places, and set there groves and graven images, before he repented, behold, they are written in the books of the seers.
20
וַיִּשְׁכַּב מְנַשֶּׁה עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וַיִּקְבְּרֻהוּ בֵּיתוֹ וַיִּמְלֹךְ אָמוֹן בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּיו
So Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in his own house; and Amon his son reigned in his stead.
Καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Μανασσῆς μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν ἐν παραδείσῳ οἴκου αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ Ἀμὼν υἱὸς αὐτοῦ.
And Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the garden of his house: and Amon his son reigned in his stead.
21
בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁתַּיִם שָׁנָה אָמוֹן בְּמָלְכוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
Amon was twenty and two years old when he began to reign; and he reigned two years in Jerusalem.
Ὢν ἐτῶν εἴκοσι καὶ δύο Ἀμὼν ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν, καὶ δύο ἔτη ἑβασιλευσεν ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ.
Amon was twenty and two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned two years in Jerusalem.
22
וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה מְנַשֶּׁה אָבִיו וּלְכָל־הַפְּסִילִים אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה מְנַשֶּׁה אָבִיו זִבַּח אָמוֹן וַיַּעַבְדֵם
And he did that which was evil in the sight of HaShem, as did Manasseh his father; and Amon sacrificed unto all the graven images which Manasseh his father had made, and served them.
Καὶ ἐποίησε τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον Κυρίου, ὡς ἐποίησε Μανασσῆς ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ· καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς εἰδώλοις οἷς ἐποίησε Μανασσῆς ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ, ἔθυεν Ἀμὼν καὶ ἐδούλευσεν αὐτοῖς.
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, as his father Manasseh did: and Amon sacrificed to all the idols which his father Manasseh had made, and served them.
23
וְלֹא נִכְנַע מִלִּפְנֵי יְהוָה כְּהִכָּנַע מְנַשֶּׁה אָבִיו כִּי הוּא אָמוֹן הִרְבָּה אַשְׁמָה
And he humbled not himself before HaShem, as Manasseh his father had humbled himself; but this same Amon became guilty more and more.
Καὶ οὐκ ἐταπεινώθη ἐναντίον Κυρίου ὡς ἐταπεινώθη Μανασσῆς ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι υἱὸς αὐτοῦ Ἀμὼν ἐπλήθυνε πλημμέλειαν.
And he was not humbled before the Lord as his father Manasseh was humbled; for his son Amon abounded in transgression.
24
וַיִּקְשְׁרוּ עָלָיו עֲבָדָיו וַיְמִיתֻהוּ בְּבֵיתוֹ
And his servants conspired against him, and put him to death in his own house.
Καὶ ἐπέθεντο αὐτῷ οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐπάταξαν αὐτὸν ἐν οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ.
And his servants conspired against him, and slew him in his house.
25
וַיַּכּוּ עַם־הָאָרֶץ אֵת כָּל־הַקֹּשְׁרִים עַל־הַמֶּלֶךְ אָמוֹן וַיַּמְלִיכוּ עַם־הָאָרֶץ אֶת־יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ בְנוֹ תַּחְתָּיו
But the people of the land slew all them that had conspired against king Amon; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his stead.
Καὶ ἐπάταξεν ὁ λαὸς τῆς γῆς τοῦς ἐπιθεμένους ἐπὶ τὸν βασιλέα Ἀμὼν, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ λαὸς τῆς γῆς τὸν Ἰωσίαν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ.
And the people of the land slew the men who had conspired against King Amon; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his stead.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: Credits and licences.