Textorah

II Chronicles 32

1
אַחֲרֵי הַדְּבָרִים וְהָאֱמֶת הָאֵלֶּה בָּא סַנְחֵרִיב מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר וַיָּבֹא בִיהוּדָה וַיִּחַן עַל־הֶעָרִים הַבְּצֻרוֹת וַיֹּאמֶר לְבִקְעָם אֵלָיו
After these things, and this faithfulness, Sennacherib king of Assyria came, and entered into Judah, and encamped against the fortified cities, and thought to make a breach therein for himself.
Καὶ μετὰ τοὺς λόγους τούτους καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ταύτην ἦλθε Σενναχηρὶμ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων, καὶ ἦλθεν ἐπὶ Ἰούδαν, καὶ παρενέβαλεν ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις τὰς τειχήρεις, καὶ εἶπε προκαταλαβέσθαι αὐτάς.
And after these things and this faithful dealing, came Sennacherib king of the Assyrians, and he came to Judah, and encamped against the fortified cities, and intended to take them for himself.
2
וַיַּרְא יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ כִּי־בָא סַנְחֵרִיב וּפָנָיו לַמִּלְחָמָה עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
And when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib was come, and that he was purposed to fight against Jerusalem,
Καὶ εἶδεν Ἐζεκίας ὅτι ἥκει Σενναχηρὶμ, καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ τοῦ πολεμῆσαι ἐπὶ Ἱερουσαλήμ.
And Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib was come, and [that] his face [was set] to fight against Jerusalem.
3
וַיִּוָּעַץ עִם־שָׂרָיו וְגִבֹּרָיו לִסְתּוֹם אֶת־מֵימֵי הָעֲיָנוֹת אֲשֶׁר מִחוּץ לָעִיר וַיַּעְזְרוּהוּ
he took counsel with his princes and his mighty men to stop the waters of the fountains which were without the city; and they helped him.
Καὶ ἐβουλεύσατο μετὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν δυνατῶν, ἐμφράξαι τὰ ὕδατα τῶν πηγῶν ἃ ἦν ἔξω τῆς πόλεως, καὶ συνεπίσχυσαν αὐτῷ.
And he took counsel with his elders and his mighty [men] to stop the wells of water which were without the city: and they helped him.
4
וַיִּקָּבְצוּ עַם־רָב וַיִּסְתְּמוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַמַּעְיָנוֹת וְאֶת־הַנַּחַל הַשּׁוֹטֵף בְּתוֹךְ־הָאָרֶץ לֵאמֹר לָמָּה יָבוֹאוּ מַלְכֵי אַשּׁוּר וּמָצְאוּ מַיִם רַבִּים
So there was gathered much people together, and they stopped all the fountains, and the brook that flowed through the midst of the land, saying: 'Why should the kings of Assyria come, and find much water?'
Καὶ συνήγαγε λαὸν πολὺν, καὶ ἐνέφραξε τὰ ὕδατα τῶν πηγῶν, καὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τὸν διορίζοντα διὰ τῆς πόλεως, λέγων, μὴ ἔλθῃ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσοὺρ, καὶ εὕρῃ ὕδωρ πολὺ, καὶ κατισχύσῃ.
And he collected many people, and stopped the wells of water, and the river that flowed through the city, saying, Lest the king of Assyria come, and find much water, and strengthen [himself].
5
וַיִּתְחַזַּק וַיִּבֶן אֶת־כָּל־הַחוֹמָה הַפְּרוּצָה וַיַּעַל עַל־הַמִּגְדָּלוֹת וְלַחוּצָה הַחוֹמָה אַחֶרֶת וַיְחַזֵּק אֶת־הַמִּלּוֹא עִיר דָּוִיד וַיַּעַשׂ שֶׁלַח לָרֹב וּמָגִנִּים
And he took courage, and built up all the wall that was broken down, and raised it up to the towers, and another wall without, and strengthened Millo in the city of David, and made weapons and shields in abundance.
Καὶ κατίσχυσεν Ἐζεκίας, καὶ ᾠκοδόμησε πᾶν τὸ τεῖχος τὸ κατεσκαμμένον, καὶ πύργους, καὶ ἔξω προτείχισμα ἄλλο, καὶ κατίσχυσε τὸ ἀνάλημμα τῆς πόλεως Δαυὶδ, καὶ κατεσκεύασεν ὅπλα πολλά.
And Hezekiah strengthened [himself], and built all the wall that had been pulled down, and the towers, and another wall in front without, and fortified the strong place of the city of David, and prepared arms in abundance.
6
וַיִּתֵּן שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֹת עַל־הָעָם וַיִּקְבְּצֵם אֵלָיו אֶל־רְחוֹב שַׁעַר הָעִיר וַיְדַבֵּר עַל־לְבָבָם לֵאמֹר
And he set captains of war over the people, and gathered them together to him in the broad place at the gate of the city, and spoke encouragingly to them, saying:
Καὶ ἔθετο ἄρχοντας τοῦ πολέμου ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν, καὶ συνήχθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν πλατεῖαν τῆς πύλης τῆς φάραγγος, καὶ ἐλάλησεν ἐπὶ καρδίαν αὐτῶν, λέγων,
And he appointed captains of war over the people, and they were gathered to [meet] him to the open place of the gate of the valley, and he encouraged them, saying,
7
חִזְקוּ וְאִמְצוּ אַל־תִּירְאוּ וְאַל־תֵּחַתּוּ מִפְּנֵי מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר וּמִלִּפְנֵי כָּל־הֶהָמוֹן אֲשֶׁר־עִמּוֹ כִּי־עִמָּנוּ רַב מֵעִמּוֹ
'Be strong and of good courage, be not afraid nor dismayed for the king of Assyria, nor for all the multitude that is with him; for there is a Greater with us than with him:
ἰσχύσατε καὶ ἀνδρίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ φοβηθῆτε, μηδὲ πτοηθῆτε ἀπὸ προσώπου βασιλέως Ἀσσοὺρ, καὶ ἀπὸ προσώπου παντὸς τοῦ ἔθνους τοῦ μετʼ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι μεθʼ ἡμῶν πλείονες ἢ μετʼ αὐτοῦ.
Be strong and courageous, and fear not, neither be dismayed before the king of Assyria, and before all the nation that [is] with him: for [there are] more with us than with him.
8
עִמּוֹ זְרוֹעַ בָּשָׂר וְעִמָּנוּ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ לְעָזְרֵנוּ וּלְהִלָּחֵם מִלְחֲמֹתֵנוּ וַיִּסָּמְכוּ הָעָם עַל־דִּבְרֵי יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה
with him is an arm of flesh; but with us is HaShem our G-d to help us, and to fight our battles.' And the people rested themselves upon the words of Hezekiah king of Judah.
Μετὰ αὐτοῦ βραχίονες σάρκινοι, μεθʼ ἡμῶν δὲ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν τοῦ σώζειν καὶ τοῦ πολεμεῖν τὸν πόλεμον ἡμῶν· καὶ κατεθάρσησεν ὁ λαὸς ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις Ἐζεκίου βασιλέως Ἰούδα.
With him [are] arms of flesh; but with us [is] the Lord our God to save [us], and to fight our battle. And the people were encouraged at the words of Hezekiah king of Judah.
9
אַחַר זֶה שָׁלַח סַנְחֵרִיב מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר עֲבָדָיו יְרוּשָׁלַיְמָה וְהוּא עַל־לָכִישׁ וְכָל־מֶמְשַׁלְתּוֹ עִמּוֹ עַל־יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה וְעַל־כָּל־יְהוּדָה אֲשֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם לֵאמֹר
After this did Sennacherib king of Assyria send his servants to Jerusalem--now he was before Lachish, and all his power with him--unto Hezekiah king of Judah, and unto all Judah that were at Jerusalem, saying:
Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἀπέστειλε Σενναχηρὶμ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων τοὺς παῖδας ἑαυτοῦ ἐπὶ Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπὶ Λαχὶς, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ στρατιὰ μετʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀπέστειλε πρὸς Ἐζεκίαν βασιλέα Ἰούδα, καὶ πρὸς πάντα Ἰούδα τὸν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, λέγων,
And afterward Sennacherib king of the Assyrians sent his servants to Jerusalem; and [he went] himself against Lachish, and all his army with him, and sent to Hezekiah king of Judah, and to all Judah that [was] in Jerusalem, saying,
10
כֹּה אָמַר סַנְחֵרִיב מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר עַל־מָה אַתֶּם בֹּטְחִים וְיֹשְׁבִים בְּמָצוֹר בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
`Thus saith Sennacherib king of Assyria: Whereon do ye trust, that ye abide the siege in Jerusalem?
οὕτως λέγει Σενναχηρὶμ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων, ἐπὶ τί ὑμεῖς πεποίθατε, καὶ καθήσεσθε ἐν τῇ περιοχῇ ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ;
Thus says Sennacherib king of the Assyrians, On what do ye trust, that ye will remain in the siege in Jerusalem?
11
הֲלֹא יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ מַסִּית אֶתְכֶם לָתֵת אֶתְכֶם לָמוּת בְּרָעָב וּבְצָמָא לֵאמֹר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ יַצִּילֵנוּ מִכַּף מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר
Doth not Hezekiah persuade you, to give you over to die by famine and by thirst, saying: HaShem our G-d will deliver us out of the hand of the king of Assyria?
οὐχὶ Ἐζεκίας ἀπατᾷ ὑμᾶς τοῦ παραδοῦναι ὑμᾶς εἰς θάνατον καὶ εἰς λιμὸν καὶ εἰς δίψαν, λέγων, Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν σώσει ἡμᾶς ἐκ χειρὸς βασιλέως Ἀσσούρ;
Does not Hezekiah deceive you, to deliver you to death and famine and thirst, saying, The Lord our God will deliver us out of the hand of the king of Assyria?
12
הֲלֹא־הוּא יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ הֵסִיר אֶת־בָּמֹתָיו וְאֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָיו וַיֹּאמֶר לִיהוּדָה וְלִירוּשָׁלִַם לֵאמֹר לִפְנֵי מִזְבֵּחַ אֶחָד תִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ וְעָלָיו תַּקְטִירוּ
Hath not the same Hezekiah taken away His high places and His altars, and commanded Judah and Jerusalem, saying: Ye shall worship before one altar, and upon it shall ye offer?
Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν Ἐζεκίας ὃς περιεῖλε τὰ θυσιαστήρια αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ ὑψηλὰ αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶπε τῷ Ἰούδα καὶ τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, λέγων, κατέναντι τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τούτου προσκυνήσετε, καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ θυμιάσατε;
Is not this Hezekiah who has taken down his altars and his high places, and has spoken to Judah and the dwellers in Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall worship before this altar, and burn incense upon it?
13
הֲלֹא תֵדְעוּ מֶה עָשִׂיתִי אֲנִי וַאֲבוֹתַי לְכֹל עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֹת הֲיָכוֹל יָכְלוּ אֱלֹהֵי גּוֹיֵ הָאֲרָצוֹת לְהַצִּיל אֶת־אַרְצָם מִיָּדִי
Know ye not what I and my fathers have done unto all the peoples of the lands? Were the gods of the nations of the lands in any wise able to deliver their land out of my hand?
Οὐ γνώσεσθε ὅ, τι ἐποίησα ἐγὼ καὶ οἱ πατέρες μου πᾶσι τοῖς λαοῖς τῶν χωρῶν; μὴ δυνάμενοι ἠδύναντο θεοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν πάσης τῆς γῆς σῶσαι τὸν λαὸν αὐτῶν ἐκ χειρός μου;
Know ye not what I and my fathers have done to all the nations of the countries? Could the gods of the nations of all the earth at all rescue their people out of my hand?
14
מִי בְּכָל־אֱלֹהֵי הַגּוֹיִם הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר הֶחֱרִימוּ אֲבוֹתַי אֲשֶׁר יָכוֹל לְהַצִּיל אֶת־עַמּוֹ מִיָּדִי כִּי יוּכַל אֱלֹהֵיכֶם לְהַצִּיל אֶתְכֶם מִיָּדִי
Who was there among all the gods of those nations which my fathers utterly destroyed, that could deliver his people out of my hand, that your G-d should be able to deliver you out of my hand?
Τίς ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς θεοῖς τῶν ἐθνῶν τούτων οὓς ἐξωλόθρευσαν οἱ πατέρες μου; μὴ ἐδύναντο σῶσαι τὸν λαὸν αὐτῶν ἐκ χειρός μου, ὅτι δυνήσεται ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν σῶσαι ὑμᾶς ἐκ χειρός μου;
Who is there among all the gods of those nations whom my fathers utterly destroyed, [worthy of trust]? Could they deliver their people out of my hand, that your God should deliver you out of my hand?
15
וְעַתָּה אַל־יַשִּׁיא אֶתְכֶם חִזְקִיָּהוּ וְאַל־יַסִּית אֶתְכֶם כָּזֹאת וְאַל־תַּאֲמִינוּ לוֹ כִּי־לֹא יוּכַל כָּל־אֱלוֹהַ כָּל־גּוֹי וּמַמְלָכָה לְהַצִּיל עַמּוֹ מִיָּדִי וּמִיַּד אֲבוֹתָי אַף כִּי אֱ‍לֹהֵיכֶם לֹא־יַצִּילוּ אֶתְכֶם מִיָּדִי
Now therefore let not Hezekiah beguile you, nor persuade you after this manner, neither believe ye him; for no god of any nation or kingdom was able to deliver his people out of my hand, and out of the hand of my fathers; how much less shall your G-d deliver you out of my hand?'
Νῦν οὖν μὴ ἀπατάτω ὑμᾶς Ἐζεκίας, καὶ μὴ πεποιθέναι ὑμᾶς ποιείτω κατὰ ταῦτα, καὶ μὴ πιστεύετε αὐτῷ, ὅτι οὐ μὴ δύνηται ὁ θεὸς παντὸς ἔθνους καὶ βασιλείας τοῦ σῶσαι τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρός μου καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς πατέρων μου, ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν οὐ μὴ σώσει ὑμᾶς ἐκ χειρός μου.
Now then, let not Hezekiah deceive you, and let him not make you thus confident, and believe him not: for no god of any kingdom or nation is at all able to deliver his people out of my hand, or the hand of my fathers: therefore your God shall not deliver you out of my hand.
16
וְעוֹד דִּבְּרוּ עֲבָדָיו עַל־יְהוָה הָאֱלֹהִים וְעַל יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ עַבְדּוֹ
And his servants spoke yet more against HaShem G-d, and against His servant Hezekiah.
Καὶ ἔτι ἐλάλησαν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον Θεὸν, καὶ ἐπὶ Ἐζεκίαν παῖδα αὐτοῦ.
And his servants continued to speak against the Lord God, and against his servant Hezekiah.
17
וּסְפָרִים כָּתַב לְחָרֵף לַיהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֵאמֹר עָלָיו לֵאמֹר כֵּאלֹהֵי גּוֹיֵ הָאֲרָצוֹת אֲשֶׁר לֹא־הִצִּילוּ עַמָּם מִיָּדִי כֵּן לֹא־יַצִּיל אֱלֹהֵי יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ עַמּוֹ מִיָּדִי
He wrote also a letter, to taunt HaShem, the G-d of Israel, and to speak against Him, saying: 'As the gods of the nations of the lands, which have not delivered their people out of my hand, so shall not the G-d of Hezekiah deliver His people out of my hand.'
Καὶ βιβλίον ἔγραψεν ὀνειδίζειν τὸν Κύριον Θεὸν Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ εἶπε περὶ αὐτοῦ, λέγων, ὡς οἱ θεοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν τῆς γῆς οὐκ ἐξείλαντο λαοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκ χειρός μου, οὕτως οὐ μὴ ἐξέληται ὁ Θεὸς Ἐζεκίου λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρός μου.
And he wrote a letter to reproach the Lord God of Israel, and spoke concerning him, saying, As the gods of the nations of the earth have not delivered their people out of my hand, so the God of Hezekiah shall by no means deliver his people out of my hand.
18
וַיִּקְרְאוּ בְקוֹל־גָּדוֹל יְהוּדִית עַל־עַם יְרוּשָׁלִַם אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַחוֹמָה לְיָרְאָם וּלְבַהֲלָם לְמַעַן יִלְכְּדוּ אֶת־הָעִיר
And they cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language unto the people of Jerusalem that were on the wall, to terrify them, and to affright them; that they might take the city.
Καὶ ἐβόησε φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Ἰουδαϊστὶ ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν Ἱερουσαλὴμ τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους, τοῦ βοηθῆσαι αὐτοῖς, καὶ κατασπάσαι, ὅπως προκαταλάβωνται τὴν πόλιν.
And he cried with a loud voice in the Jews’ language to the people of Jerusalem on the wall, [calling them] to assist them, and pull down [the walls], that they might take the city.
19
וַיְדַבְּרוּ אֶל־אֱלֹהֵי יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם כְּעַל אֱלֹהֵי עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי הָאָדָם
And they spoke of the G-d of Jerusalem, as of the gods of the peoples of the earth, which are the work of men's hands.
Καὶ ἐλάλησεν ἐπὶ Θεὸν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, ὡς καὶ ἐπὶ θεοὺς λαῶν τῆς γῆς, ἔργα χειρῶν ἀνθρώπων.
And he spoke against the God of Jerusalem, even as against the gods of the nations of the earth, the works of the hands of men.
20
וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ וִישַׁעְיָהוּ בֶן־אָמוֹץ הַנָּבִיא עַל־זֹאת וַיִּזְעֲקוּ הַשָּׁמָיִם
And Hezekiah the king, and Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz, prayed because of this, and cried to heaven.
Καὶ προσηύξατο Ἐζεκίας ὁ βασιλεὺς, καὶ Ἡσαΐας υἱὸς Ἀμὼς ὁ προφήτης περὶ τούτων, καὶ ἐβόησαν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν.
And King Hezekiah and Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz prayed concerning these things, and they cried to heaven.
21
וַיִּשְׁלַח יְהוָה מַלְאָךְ וַיַּכְחֵד כָּל־גִּבּוֹר חַיִל וְנָגִיד וְשָׂר בְּמַחֲנֵה מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר וַיָּשָׁב בְּבֹשֶׁת פָּנִים לְאַרְצוֹ וַיָּבֹא בֵּית אֱלֹהָיו ומיציאו וּמִיצִיאֵי מֵעָיו שָׁם הִפִּילֻהוּ בֶחָרֶב
And HaShem sent an angel, who cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders and captains, in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword.
Καὶ ἀπέστειλε Κύριος ἄγγελον, καὶ ἐξέτριψε πάντα δυνατὸν καὶ πολεμιστὴν καὶ ἄρχοντα καὶ στρατηγὸν ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ βασιλέως Ἀσσούρ· καὶ ἀπέστρεψε μετὰ αἰσχύνης προσώπου εἰς τὴν γῆν ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς οἶκον θεοῦ αὐτοῦ· καὶ τῶν ἐξελθόντων ἐκ κοιλίας αὐτοῦ κατέβαλον αὐτὸν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ.
And the Lord sent an angel, and he destroyed every mighty man and warrior, and leader and captain in the camp of the king of Assyria: and he returned with shame of face to his own land and came into the house of his god: and [some] of them that came out of his bowels slew him with the sword.
22
וַיּוֹשַׁע יְהוָה אֶת־יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ וְאֵת יֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלִַם מִיַּד סַנְחֵרִיב מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר וּמִיַּד־כֹּל וַיְנַהֲלֵם מִסָּבִיב
Thus HaShem saved Hezekiah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem from the hand of Sennacherib the king of Assyria, and from the hand of all, and guided them on every side.
Καὶ ἔσωσε Κύριος τὸν Ἐζεκίαν καὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐκ χειρὸς Σενναχηρὶμ βασιλέως Ἀσσοὺρ, καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς πάντων, καὶ κατέπαυσεν αὐτοὺς κυκλόθεν.
So the Lord delivered Hezekiah and the dwellers in Jerusalem out of the hand of Sennacherib king of Assyria, and out of the hand of all [his enemies], and gave them rest round about.
23
וְרַבִּים מְבִיאִים מִנְחָה לַיהוָה לִירוּשָׁלִַם וּמִגְדָּנוֹת לִיחִזְקִיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה וַיִּנַּשֵּׂא לְעֵינֵי כָל־הַגּוֹיִם מֵאַחֲרֵי־כֵן
And many brought gifts unto HaShem to Jerusalem, and precious things to Hezekiah king of Judah; so that he was exalted in the sight of all nations from thenceforth.
Καὶ πολλοὶ ἔφερον δῶρα τῷ Κυρίῳ εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ δόματα τῷ Ἐζεκίᾳ βασιλεῖ Ἰούδα, καὶ ὑπερῄρθη κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν μετὰ ταῦτα.
And many brought gifts to the Lord to Jerusalem, and presents to Hezekiah king of Judah; and he was exalted in the eyes of all the nations after these things.
24
בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם חָלָה יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ עַד־לָמוּת וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל אֶל־יְהוָה וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ וּמוֹפֵת נָתַן לוֹ
In those days Hezekiah was sick even unto death; and he prayed unto HaShem; and He spoke unto him, and gave him a sign.
Ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἠῤῥώστησεν Ἐζεκίας ἕως θανάτου, καὶ προσηύξατο πρὸς Κύριον· καὶ ἐπήκουσεν αὐτῷ, καὶ σημεῖον ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ.
In those days Hezekiah was sick even to death, and prayed to the Lord: and he hearkened to him, and gave him a sign.
25
וְלֹא־כִגְמֻל עָלָיו הֵשִׁיב יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ כִּי גָבַהּ לִבּוֹ וַיְהִי עָלָיו קֶצֶף וְעַל־יְהוּדָה וִירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
But Hezekiah rendered not according to the benefit done unto him; for his heart was lifted up; therefore there was wrath upon him, and upon Judah and Jerusalem.
Καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὸ ἀνταπόδομα ὃ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ἀνταπέδωκεν Ἐζεκίας, ἀλλὰ ὑψώθη ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐγένετο ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ὀργὴ καὶ ἐπὶ Ἰούδαν καὶ Ἱερουσαλήμ.
But Hezekiah did not recompense the Lord according to the return which he made him, but his heart was lifted up: and wrath came upon him, and upon Judah and Jerusalem.
26
וַיִּכָּנַע יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ בְּגֹבַהּ לִבּוֹ הוּא וְיֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וְלֹא־בָא עֲלֵיהֶם קֶצֶף יְהוָה בִּימֵי יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ
Notwithstanding Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his heart, both he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of HaShem came not upon them in the days of Hezekiah.
Καὶ ἐταπεινώθη Ἐζεκίας ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕψους τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ οὐκ ἐπῆλθεν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ὀργὴ Κυρίου ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἐζεκίου.
And Hezekiah humbled himself after the exaltation of his heart, he and the dwellers in Jerusalem; and the wrath of the Lord did not come upon them in the days of Hezekiah.
27
וַיְהִי לִיחִזְקִיָּהוּ עֹשֶׁר וְכָבוֹד הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד וְאֹצָרוֹת עָשָׂה־לוֹ לְכֶסֶף וּלְזָהָב וּלְאֶבֶן יְקָרָה וְלִבְשָׂמִים וּלְמָגִנִּים וּלְכֹל כְּלֵי חֶמְדָּה
And Hezekiah had exceeding much riches and honour; and he provided him treasuries for silver, and for gold, and for precious stones, and for spices, and for shields, and for all manner of goodly vessels;
Καὶ ἐγένετο τῷ Ἐζεκίᾳ πλοῦτος καὶ δόξα πολλὴ σφόδρα· καὶ θησαυροὺς ἐποίησεν αὐτῷ ἀργυρίου καὶ χρυσίου καὶ τοῦ λίθου τοῦ τιμίου, καὶ εἰς τὰ ἀρώματα, καὶ ὁπλοθήκας, καὶ εἰς σκεύη ἐπιθυμητὰ,
And Hezekiah had wealth and very great glory: and he made for himself treasuries of gold, and silver, and precious stones, also for spices, and stores for arms, and for precious vessels;
28
וּמִסְכְּנוֹת לִתְבוּאַת דָּגָן וְתִירוֹשׁ וְיִצְהָר וְאֻרָוֺת לְכָל־בְּהֵמָה וּבְהֵמָה וַעֲדָרִים לָאֲוֵרוֹת
store-houses also for the increase of corn, and wine, and oil; and stalls for all manner of beasts, and flocks in folds.
καὶ πόλεις εἰς τὰ γεννήματα τοῦ σίτου καὶ οἴνου καὶ ἐλαίου, καὶ κώμας καὶ φάτνας παντὸς κτήνους, καὶ μάνδρας εἰς τὰ ποίμνια,
and cities for the produce of corn, and wine, and oil; and stalls and mangers for every [kind of] cattle, and folds for flocks;
29
וְעָרִים עָשָׂה לוֹ וּמִקְנֵה־צֹאן וּבָקָר לָרֹב כִּי נָתַן־לוֹ אֱלֹהִים רְכוּשׁ רַב מְאֹד
Moreover he provided him cities, and possessions of flocks and herds in abundance; for G-d had given him very much substance.
καὶ πόλεις ἃς ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀποσκευὴν προβάτων καὶ βοῶν εἰς πλῆθος, ὅτι ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ Κύριος ἀποσκευὴν πολλὴν σφόδρα.
and cities which he built for himself, and store of sheep and oxen in abundance, for the Lord gave him a very great store.
30
וְהוּא יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ סָתַם אֶת־מוֹצָא מֵימֵי גִיחוֹן הָעֶלְיוֹן וַיַּישְּׁרֵם לְמַטָּה־מַּעְרָבָה לְעִיר דָּוִיד וַיַּצְלַח יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ בְּכָל־מַעֲשֵׂהוּ
This same Hezekiah also stopped the upper spring of the waters of Gihon, and brought them straight down on the west side of the city of David. And Hezekiah prospered in all his works.
Αὐτὸς Ἐζεκίας ἐνέφραξεν τὴν ἔξοδον τοῦ ὕδατος Γειῶν τὸ ἄνω, καὶ κατηύθυνεν αὐτὰ κάτω πρὸς Λίβα τῆς πόλεως Δαυίδ· καὶ εὐοδώθη Ἐζεκίας ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ.
The same Hezekiah stopped up the course of the water of Gihon above, and brought the water down straight south of the city of David. And Hezekiah prospered in all his works.
31
וְכֵן בִּמְלִיצֵי שָׂרֵי בָּבֶל הַמְשַׁלְּחִים עָלָיו לִדְרֹשׁ הַמּוֹפֵת אֲשֶׁר הָיָה בָאָרֶץ עֲזָבוֹ ה͏ָאֱלֹהִים לְנַסּוֹתוֹ לָדַעַת כָּל־בִּלְבָבוֹ
Howbeit in the business of the ambassadors of the princes of Babylon, who sent unto him to inquire of the wonder that was done in the land, G-d left him, to try him, that He might know all that was in his heart.
Καὶ οὕτως τοῖς πρεσβευταῖς τῶν ἀρχόντων ἀπὸ Βαβυλῶνος, τοῖς ἀποσταλεῖσι πρὸς αὐτὸν πυθέσθαι παρʼ αὐτοῦ τὸ τέρας ὃ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἐγκατέλιπεν αὐτὸν Κύριος τοῦ πειράσαι αὐτὸν, εἰδέναι τὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ.
Notwithstanding, in regard to the ambassadors of the princes of Babylon, who were sent to him to inquire of him [concerning] the prodigy which came upon the land, the Lord left him, to try him, to know what was in his heart.
32
וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ וַחֲסָדָיו הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים בַּחֲזוֹן יְשַׁעְיָהוּ בֶן־אָמוֹץ הַנָּבִיא עַל־סֵפֶר מַלְכֵי־יְהוּדָה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל
Now the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and his good deeds, behold, they are written in the vision of Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz, and in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.
Καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ἐζεκίου, καὶ τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ, ἰδοὺ γέγραπται ἐν τῇ προφητείᾳ Ἡσαΐου υἱοῦ Ἀμὼς τοῦ προφήτου, καὶ ἐπὶ βιβλίου βασιλέων Ἰούδα καὶ Ἰσραήλ.
And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and his kindness, behold, they are written in the prophecy of Isaiah the son of Amoz the prophet, and in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.
33
וַיִּשְׁכַּב יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וַיִּקְבְּרֻהוּ בְּמַעֲלֵה קִבְרֵי בְנֵי־דָוִיד וְכָבוֹד עָשׂוּ־לוֹ בְמוֹתוֹ כָּל־יְהוּדָה וְיֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וַיִּמְלֹךְ מְנַשֶּׁה בְנוֹ תַּחְתָּיו
And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the ascent of the sepulchres of the sons of David; and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem did him honour at his death. And Manasseh his son reigned in his stead.
Καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ἐζεκίας μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν ἐν ἀναβάσει τάφων υἱῶν Δαυίδ· καὶ δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν ἔδωκαν αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ πᾶς Ἰούδα, καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ· καὶ ἐβασίλευσε Μανασσῆς υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ.
And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in a high place among the sepulchers of the sons of David: and all Judah and the dwellers in Jerusalem gave him glory and honor at his death. And Manasseh his son reigned in his stead.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

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