Textorah

I Kings 7

1
וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ בָּנָה שְׁלֹמֹה שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה וַיְכַל אֶת־כָּל־בֵּיתוֹ
And Solomon was building his own house thirteen years, and he finished all his house.
2
וַיִּבֶן אֶת־בֵּית יַעַר הַלְּבָנוֹן מֵאָה אַמָּה אָרְכּוֹ וַחֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה רָחְבּוֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אַמָּה קוֹמָתוֹ עַל אַרְבָּעָה טוּרֵי עַמּוּדֵי אֲרָזִים וּכְרֻתוֹת אֲרָזִים עַל־הָעַמּוּדִים
For he built the house of the forest of Lebanon: the length thereof was a hundred cubits, and the breadth thereof fifty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits, upon four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars.
Καὶ ᾠκοδόμησε τὸν οἶκον δρυμῷ τοῦ Λιβάνου· ἑκατὸν πήχεις μῆκος αὐτοῦ, καὶ πεντήκοντα πήχεις πλάτος αὐτοῦ, καὶ τριάκοντα πηχῶν ὕψος αὐτοῦ· καὶ τριῶν στύχων στύλων κεδρίνων, καὶ ὠμίαι κέδριναι τοῖς στύλοις.
And he built the house with the wood of Lebanon; its length [was] a hundred cubits, and its breadth [was] fifty cubits, and its height [was] of thirty cubits, and [it was made] with three rows of cedar pillars, and the pillars had side pieces of cedar.
3
וְסָפֻן בָּאֶרֶז מִמַּעַל עַל־הַצְּלָעֹת אֲשֶׁר עַל־הָעַמּוּדִים אַרְבָּעִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר הַטּוּר
And it was covered with cedar above upon the side-chambers, that lay on forty and five pillars, fifteen in a row.
Καὶ ἐφάτνωσε τὸν οἶκον ἄνωθεν ἐπὶ τῶν πλευρῶν τῶν στύλων· καὶ ἀριθμὸς τῶν στύλων τεσσαράκοντα καὶ πέντε ὁ στίχος,
And he formed the house with chambers above on the sides of the pillars, and the number of the pillars [was each] row forty and five,
4
וּשְׁקֻפִים שְׁלֹשָׁה טוּרִים וּמֶחֱזָה אֶל־מֶחֱזָה שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים
And there were beams in three rows; and light was over against light in three ranks.
καὶ μέλαθρα τρία, καὶ χῶρα ἐπὶ χώραν τρισσῶς.
and [there were] three chambers, and space against space in three rows.
5
וְכָל־הַפְּתָחִים וְהַמְּזוּזוֹת רְבֻעִים שָׁקֶף וּמוּל מֶחֱזָה אֶל־מֶחֱזָה שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים
And all the doors with their posts were square in the frame; and light was over against light in three ranks.
Καὶ πάντα τὰ θυρώματα, καὶ αἱ χῶραι τετράγωνοι μεμελαθρωμέναι· καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ θυρώματος ἐπὶ θύραν τρισσῶς.
And all the doors and spaces formed like chambers [were] square, and from door to door [was a correspondence] in three rows.
6
וְאֵת אוּלָם הָעַמּוּדִים עָשָׂה חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה אָרְכּוֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אַמָּה רָחְבּוֹ וְאוּלָם עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם וְעַמֻּדִים וְעָב עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם
And he made the porch of pillars: the length thereof was fifty cubits, and the breadth thereof thirty cubits; and a porch before them; and pillars and thick beams before them.
Καὶ τὸ αἰλὰμ τῶν στύλων, πεντήκοντα μῆκος, καὶ πεντήκοντα ἐν πλάτει ἐζυγωμένα αἰλὰμ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν· καὶ στύλοι καὶ πάχος ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς τοῖς αἰλαμίν.
And [he made] the porch of the pillars, [they were] fifty [cubits] long and fifty broad, the porch joining them in front; and the [other] pillars and the thick beam [were] in front of the house by the porches.
7
וְאוּלָם הַכִּסֵּא אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁפָּט־שָׁם אֻלָם הַמִּשְׁפָּט עָשָׂה וְסָפוּן בָּאֶרֶז מֵהַקַּרְקַע עַד־הַקַּרְקָע
And he made the porch of the throne where he might judge, even the porch of judgment; and it was covered with cedar from floor to floor.
Καὶ τὸ αἰλὰμ τῶν θρόνων οὗ κρινεῖ ἐκεῖ, αἰλὰμ τοῦ κριτηρίου.
And [there was] the Porch of seats where he would judge, the porch of judgment.
8
וּבֵיתוֹ אֲשֶׁר־יֵשֶׁב שָׁם חָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת מִבֵּית לָאוּלָם כַּמַּעֲשֶׂה הַזֶּה הָיָה וּבַיִת יַעֲשֶׂה לְבַת־פַּרְעֹה אֲשֶׁר לָקַח שְׁלֹמֹה כָּאוּלָם הַזֶּה
And his house where he might dwell, in the other court, within the porch, was of the like work. He made also a house for Pharaoh's daughter, whom Solomon had taken to wife, like unto this porch.
Καὶ ὁ οἶκος αὐτῶν ἐν ᾧ καθήσεται ἐκεῖ, αὐλὴ μία ἐξελισσομένη τούτοις κατὰ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο· Καὶ οἶκον τῇ θυγατρὶ Φαραὼ ἣν ἔλαβε Σαλωμὼν, κατὰ τὸ αἰλὰμ τοῦτο.
And their house where he would dwell, [had] one court communicating with these according to this work; and [he built] the house for the daughter of Pharaoh whom Solomon had taken, according to this porch.
9
כָּל־אֵלֶּה אֲבָנִים יְקָרֹת כְּמִדֹּת גָּזִית מְגֹרָרוֹת בַּמְּגֵרָה מִבַּיִת וּמִחוּץ וּמִמַּסָּד עַד־הַטְּפָחוֹת וּמִחוּץ עַד־הֶחָצֵר הַגְּדוֹלָה
All these were of costly stones, according to the measures of hewn stones, sawed with saws, within and without, even from the foundation unto the coping, and so on the outside unto the great court.
Πάντα ταῦτα ἐκ λίθων τιμίων κεκολαμμένα ἐκ διαστήματος ἔσωθεν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ θεμελίου ἕως τῶν γεισῶν· καὶ ἔξωθεν εἰς τὴν αὐλὴν τὴν μεγάλην,
All these [were] of costly stones, sculptured at intervals within even from the foundation even to the top, and outward to the great court,
10
וּמְיֻסָּד אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלוֹת אַבְנֵי עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת וְאַבְנֵי שְׁמֹנֶה אַמּוֹת
And the foundation was of costly stones, even great stones, stones of ten cubits, and stones of eight cubits.
τὴν τεθεμελιωμένην ἐν τιμίοις λίθοις μεγάλοις, λίθοις δεκαπήχεσι καὶ τοῖς ὀκταπήχεσι·
founded with large costly stones, stones of ten cubits and eight cubits [long].
11
וּמִלְמַעְלָה אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת כְּמִדּוֹת גָּזִית וָאָרֶז
And above were costly stones, after the measure of hewn stones, and cedar-wood.
Καὶ ἐπάνωθεν τιμίοις κατὰ τὸ μέτρον ἀπελεκήτων, καὶ κέδροις.
And above with costly stones, according to the measure of hewn stones, and with cedars.
12
וְחָצֵר הַגְּדוֹלָה סָבִיב שְׁלֹשָׁה טוּרִים גָּזִית וְטוּר כְּרֻתֹת אֲרָזִים וְלַחֲצַר בֵּית־יְהוָה הַפְּנִימִית וּלְאֻלָם הַבָּיִת
And the great court round about had three rows of hewn stone, and a row of cedar beams, like as the inner court of the house of HaShem, and the court of the porch of the house.
Τῆς αὐλῆς τῆς μεγάλης κύκλῳ τρεῖς στίχοι ἀπελεκήτων, καὶ στίχος κεκολαμμένης κέδρου·
[There were] three rows of hewn [stones] round about the great hall, and a row of sculptured cedar:
13
וַיִּשְׁלַח הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה וַיִּקַּח אֶת־חִירָם מִצֹּר
And king Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre.
14
בֶּן־אִשָּׁה אַלְמָנָה הוּא מִמַּטֵּה נַפְתָּלִי וְאָבִיו אִישׁ־צֹרִי חֹרֵשׁ נְחֹשֶׁת וַיִּמָּלֵא אֶת־הַחָכְמָה וְאֶת־הַתְּבוּנָה וְאֶת־הַדַּעַת לַעֲשׂוֹת כָּל־מְלָאכָה בַּנְּחֹשֶׁת וַיָּבוֹא אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־כָּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ
He was the son of a widow of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in brass; and he was filled with wisdom and understanding and skill, to work all works in brass. And he came to king Solomon, and wrought all his work.
υἱὸν γυναικὸς χήρας, καὶ οὗτος ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς τῆς Νεφθαλίμ, καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἀνὴρ Τύριος· τέκτων χαλκοῦ, καὶ πεπληρωμένος τῆς τέχνης καὶ συνέσεως καὶ ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ ποιεῖν πᾶν ἔργον ἐν χαλκῷ· καὶ εἰσηνέχθη πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Σαλωμών· καὶ ἐποίησε πάντα τὰ ἔργα.
the son of a widow woman; and he [was] of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father [was] a Tyrian; a worker in brass, and accomplished in art and skill and knowledge to work every work in brass: and he was brought in to King Solomon, and he wrought all the works.
15
וַיָּצַר אֶת־שְׁנֵי הָעַמּוּדִים נְחֹשֶׁת שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה קוֹמַת הָעַמּוּד הָאֶחָד וְחוּט שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה יָסֹב אֶת־הָעַמּוּד הַשֵּׁנִי
Thus he fashioned the two pillars of brass, of eighteen cubits high each; and a line of twelve cubits did compass it about; and so the other pillar.
Καὶ ἐχώνευσε τοὺς δύο στύλους τῷ αἰλὰμ τοῦ οἴκου· ὀκτωκαίδεκα πήχεις ὕψος τοῦ στύλου· καὶ περίμετρον τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα πήχεις ἐκύκλου αὐτὸν τὸ πάχος τοῦ στύλου· τεσσάρων δσκτύλων τὰ κοιλώματα· καὶ οὕτως ὁ στύλος ὁ δεύτερος·
And he cast the two pillars for the porch of the house: eighteen cubits [was] the height of [each] pillar, and a circumference of fourteen cubits encompassed it, even the thickness of the pillar: the flutings [were] four fingers [wide], and thus [was] the other pillar [formed].
16
וּשְׁתֵּי כֹתָרֹת עָשָׂה לָתֵת עַל־רָאשֵׁי הָעַמּוּדִים מֻצַק נְחֹשֶׁת חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת קוֹמַת הַכֹּתֶרֶת הָאֶחָת וְחָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת קוֹמַת הַכֹּתֶרֶת הַשֵּׁנִית
And he made two capitals of molten brass, to set upon the tops of the pillars; the height of the one capital was five cubits, and the height of the other capital was five cubits.
Καὶ δύο ἐπιθέματα ἐποίησε δοῦναι ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς τῶν στύλων χωνευτά· πέντε πήχεις τὸ ὕψος τοῦ ἐπιθέματος τοῦ ἑνὸς, καὶ πέντε πήχεις τὸ ὕψος τοῦ ἐπιθέματος τοῦ δευτέρου
And he made two molten chapiters to put on the heads of the pillars: five cubits [was] the height of one chapiter, and five cubits [was] the height of the other chapiter.
Καὶ ἐποίησε δέκα μεχωνὼθ χαλκᾶς· πέντε πήχεις μῆκος τῆς μεχωνὼθ τῆς μιᾶς, καὶ τέσσαρες πήχεις τὸ πλάτος αὐτῆς, καὶ ἓξ ἐν πήχει ὕψος αὐτῆς.
And he made ten brazen bases: five cubits [was] the length of one base, and four cubits the breadth of it, and its height [was] six cubits.
17
שְׂבָכִים מַעֲשֵׂה שְׂבָכָה גְּדִלִים מַעֲשֵׂה שַׁרְשְׁרוֹת לַכֹּתָרֹת אֲשֶׁר עַל־רֹאשׁ הָעַמּוּדִים שִׁבְעָה לַכֹּתֶרֶת הָאֶחָת וְשִׁבְעָה לַכֹּתֶרֶת הַשֵּׁנִית
He also made nets of checker-work, and wreaths of chain-work, for the capitals which were upon the top of the pillars: seven for the one capital, and seven for the other capital.
Καὶ ἐποίησε δύο δίκτυα περικαλύψαι τὸ ἐπίθεμα τῶν στύλων· καὶ δίκτυον τῷ ἐπιθέματι τῷ ἑνὶ, καὶ δίκτυον τῷ ἐπιθέματι τῷ δευτέρῳ.
And he made two ornaments of network to cover the chapiters of the pillars; even a net for one chapiter, and a net for the other chapiter.
18
וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־הָעַמּוּדִים וּשְׁנֵי טוּרִים סָבִיב עַל־הַשְּׂבָכָה הָאֶחָת לְכַסּוֹת אֶת־הַכֹּתָרֹת אֲשֶׁר עַל־רֹאשׁ הָרִמֹּנִים וְכֵן עָשָׂה לַכֹּתֶרֶת הַשֵּׁנִית
And he made the pillars; and there were two rows round about upon the one network, to cover the capitals that were upon the top of the pomegranates; and so did he for the other capital.
Καὶ ἔργον κρεμαστὸν, δύο στίχοι ῥοῶν χαλκῶν, δεδικτυωμένοι, ἔργον κρεμαστὸν, στίχος ἐπὶ στίχον· καὶ οὕτως ἐποίησε τῷ ἐπιθέματι τῷ δευτέρῳ.
And hanging work, two rows of brazen pomegranates, formed with network, hanging work, row upon row: and thus he framed [the ornaments] for the second chapiter.
19
וְכֹתָרֹת אֲשֶׁר עַל־רֹאשׁ הָעַמּוּדִים מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוּשַׁן בָּאוּלָם אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת
And the capitals that were upon the top of the pillars in the porch were of lily-work, four cubits.
20
וְכֹתָרֹת עַל־שְׁנֵי הָעַמּוּדִים גַּם־מִמַּעַל מִלְּעֻמַּת הַבֶּטֶן אֲשֶׁר לְעֵבֶר שבכה הַשְּׂבָכָה וְהָרִמּוֹנִים מָאתַיִם טֻרִים סָבִיב עַל הַכֹּתֶרֶת הַשֵּׁנִית
And there were capitals above also upon the two pillars, close by the belly which was beside the network; and the pomegranates were two hundred, in rows round about upon each capital.
21
וַיָּקֶם אֶת־הָעַמֻּדִים לְאֻלָם הַהֵיכָל וַיָּקֶם אֶת־הָעַמּוּד הַיְמָנִי וַיִּקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יָכִין וַיָּקֶם אֶת־הָעַמּוּד הַשְּׂמָאלִי וַיִּקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ בֹּעַז
And he set up the pillars at the porch of the temple; and he set up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin; and he set up the left pillar, and called the name thereof Boaz.
Καὶ ἔστησε τοὺς στύλους τοῦ αἰλὰμ τοῦ ναοῦ· καὶ ἔστησε τὸν στύλον τὸν ἕνα, καὶ ἐπεκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰαχούμ· καὶ ἔστησε τὸν στύλον τὸν δεύτερον, καὶ ἐπεκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Βολώζ.
And he set up the pillars of the porch of the temple: and he set up the one pillar, and called its name Jachin: and he set up the second pillar, and called its name Boaz.
22
וְעַל רֹאשׁ הָעַמּוּדִים מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוֹשָׁן וַתִּתֹּם מְלֶאכֶת הָעַמּוּדִים
And upon the top of the pillars was lily-work; so was the work of the pillars finished.
Καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν κεφαλῶν τῶν στύλων ἔργον κρίνου κατὰ τὸ αἰλὰμ τεσσάρων πηχῶν·
And on the heads of the pillars he made lily-work against the porch, of four cubits,
καὶ μέλαθρον ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν στύλων· καὶ ἐπάνωθεν τῶν πλευρῶν ἐπίθεμα τὸ μέλαθρον τῷ πάχει.
and a chamber over both the pillars, and above the sides an addition [equal to] the chamber in width.
23
וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־הַיָּם מוּצָק עֶשֶׂר בָּאַמָּה מִשְּׂפָתוֹ עַד־שְׂפָתוֹ עָגֹל סָבִיב וְחָמֵשׁ בָּאַמָּה קוֹמָתוֹ וקוה וְקָו שְׁלֹשִׁים בָּאַמָּה יָסֹב אֹתוֹ סָבִיב
And he made the molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass, and the height thereof was five cubits; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.
Καὶ ἐποίησε τὴν θάλασσαν δέκα ἐν πήχει ἀπὸ τοῦ χείλους αὐτῆς ἕως τοῦ χείλους αὐτῆς, στρογγυλόν κύκλῳ τὸ αὐτό· πέντε ἐν πήχει τὸ ὕψος αὐτῆς· καὶ συνηγμένη τρεῖς καὶ τριάκοντα ἐν πήχει.
And he made the sea, ten cubits from one rim to the other, the same was completely circular round about: its height [was] five cubits, and its circumference thirty-three cubits.
24
וּפְקָעִים מִתַּחַת לִשְׂפָתוֹ סָבִיב סֹבְבִים אֹתוֹ עֶשֶׂר בָּאַמָּה מַקִּפִים אֶת־הַיָּם סָבִיב שְׁנֵי טוּרִים הַפְּקָעִים יְצֻקִים בִּיצֻקָתוֹ
And under the brim of it round about there were knops which did compass it, for ten cubits, compassing the sea round about; the knops were in two rows, cast when it was cast.
Καὶ ὑποστηρίγματα ὑποκάτωθεν τοῦ χείλους αὐτῆς κυκλόθεν ἐκύκλουν αὐτὴν δέκα ἐν πήχει κυκλόθεν·
And stays underneath its rim round about compassed it ten cubits round;
12
καὶ τὸ χεῖλος αὐτῆς ὡς ἔργον χείλους ποτηρίου βλαστὸς κρίνου· καὶ τὸ πάχος αὐτοῦ παλαιστής.
and its rim [was] as the work of the rim of a cup, a lily flower, and the thickness of it [was] a span.
25
עֹמֵד עַל־שְׁנֵי עָשָׂר בָּקָר שְׁלֹשָׁה פֹנִים צָפוֹנָה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה פֹנִים יָמָּה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה פֹּנִים נֶגְבָּה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה פֹּנִים מִזְרָחָה וְהַיָּם עֲלֵיהֶם מִלְמָעְלָה וְכָל־אֲחֹרֵיהֶם בָּיְתָה
It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east; and the sea was set upon them above, and all their hinder parts were inward.
Καὶ δώδεκα βόες ὑποκάτω τῆς θαλάσσης, οἱ τρεῖς ἐπιβλέποντες βοῤῥὰν, καὶ οἱ τρεῖς ἐπιβλέποντες θάλασσαν, καὶ οἱ τρεῖς ἐπιβλέποντες Νότον, καὶ οἱ τρεῖς ἐπιβλέποντες ἀνατολήν· καὶ πάντα τὰ ὀπίσθια εἰς τὸν οἶκον, καὶ ἡ θάλασσα ἐπʼ αὐτῶν ἐπάνωθεν.
And [there were] twelve oxen under the sea; three looking to the north, and three looking to the west, and three looking to the south, and three looking to the east: and all their hinder parts [were] inward, and the sea [was] above upon them.
26
וְעָבְיוֹ טֶפַח וּשְׂפָתוֹ כְּמַעֲשֵׂה שְׂפַת־כּוֹס פֶּרַח שׁוֹשָׁן אַלְפַּיִם בַּת יָכִיל
And it was a hand-breadth thick; and the brim thereof was wrought like the brim of a cup, like the flower of a lily; it held two thousand baths.
27
וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־הַמְּכֹנוֹת עֶשֶׂר נְחֹשֶׁת אַרְבַּע בָּאַמָּה אֹרֶךְ הַמְּכוֹנָה הָאֶחָת וְאַרְבַּע בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּהּ וְשָׁלֹשׁ בָּאַמָּה קוֹמָתָהּ
And he made the ten bases of brass; four cubits was the length of one base, and four cubits the breadth thereof, and three cubits the height of it.
28
וְזֶה מַעֲשֵׂה הַמְּכוֹנָה מִסְגְּרֹת לָהֶם וּמִסְגְּרֹת בֵּין הַשְׁלַבִּים
And the work of the bases was on this manner: they had borders; and there were borders between the stays;
Καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον τῶν μεχωνὼθ συγκλειστὸν αὐτοῖς, καὶ συγκλειστὸν ἀναμέσον τῶν ἐξεχομένων.
And this work of the bases [was] formed with a border to them, and [there was] a border between the ledges.
29
וְעַל־הַמִּסְגְּרוֹת אֲשֶׁר בֵּין הַשְׁלַבִּים אֲרָיוֹת בָּקָר וּכְרוּבִים וְעַל־הַשְׁלַבִּים כֵּן מִמָּעַל וּמִתַּחַת לַאֲרָיוֹת וְלַבָּקָר לֹיוֹת מַעֲשֵׂה מוֹרָד
and on the borders that were between the stays were lions, oxen, and cherubim; and upon the stays it was in like manner above; and beneath the lions and oxen were wreaths of hanging work.
Καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ συγκλείσματα αὐτῶν ἀναμέσον ἐξεχομένων λέοντες καὶ βόες καὶ χερουβὶμ, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐξεχομένων, οὕτως καὶ ἐπάνωθεν, καὶ ὑποκάτωθεν τῶν λεόντων καὶ τῶν βοῶν χῶραι, ἔργον καταβάσεως.
And upon their borders between the projections [were] lions, and oxen, and cherubs: and on the projections, even so above, and also below [were] the places of lions and oxen, hanging work.
30
וְאַרְבָּעָה אוֹפַנֵּי נְחֹשֶׁת לַמְּכוֹנָה הָאַחַת וְסַרְנֵי נְחֹשֶׁת וְאַרְבָּעָה פַעֲמֹתָיו כְּתֵפֹת לָהֶם מִתַּחַת לַכִּיֹּר הַכְּתֵפֹת יְצֻקוֹת מֵעֵבֶר אִישׁ לֹיוֹת
And every base had four brazen wheels, and axles of brass; and the four feet thereof had undersetters; beneath the laver were the undersetters molten, with wreaths at the side of each.
Καὶ τέσσαρες τροχοὶ χαλκοῖ τῇ μεχωνὼθ τῇ μιᾷ, καὶ τὰ προσέχοντα χαλκᾶ καὶ τέσσαρα μέρη αὐτῶν, ὠμίαι ὑποκάτω τῶν λουτήρων.
And [there were] four brazen wheels to one base; and [there were] brazen bases, and their four sides [answering to them], side pieces under the bases.
Καὶ χεῖρες ἐν τοῖς τροχοῖς ἐν τῇ μεχωνώθ. Καὶ τὸ ὕψος τοῦ τροχοῦ τοῦ ἑνὸς πήχεος καὶ ἡμίσους.
And [there were] axles in the wheels under the base. And the height of one wheel [was] a cubit and a half.
Καὶ τὸ ἔργον τῶν τροχῶν ἔργον τροχῶν ἅρματος· αἱ χεῖρες αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ νῶτοι αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ πραγματεία αὐτῶν πάντα χωνευτά.
And the work of the wheels [was] as the work of chariot wheels: their axles, and their felloes, and [the rest of] their work, [were] all molten.
Αἱ τέσσαρες ὠμίαι ἐπὶ τῶν τεσσάρων γωνιῶν τῆς μεχωνὼθ τῆς μιᾶς, ἐκ τῆς μεχωνὼθ οἱ ὦμοι αὐτῆς.
The four side pieces were at the four corners of each base; its shoulders [were formed] of the base.
31
וּפִיהוּ מִבֵּית לַכֹּתֶרֶת וָמַעְלָה בָּאַמָּה וּפִיהָ עָגֹל מַעֲשֵׂה־כֵן אַמָּה וַחֲצִי הָאַמָּה וְגַם־עַל־פִּיהָ מִקְלָעוֹת וּמִסְגְּרֹתֵיהֶם מְרֻבָּעוֹת לֹא עֲגֻלּוֹת
And the mouth of it within the crown and above was a cubit high; and the mouth thereof was round after the work of a pedestal, a cubit and a half; and also upon the mouth of it were gravings; and their borders were foursquare, not round.
Καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς τῆς μεχωνὼθ ἥμισυ τοῦ πήχεος μέγεθος αὐτῆς στρογγύλον κύκλῳ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς τῆς μεχωνώθ· καὶ ἀρχὴ χειρῶν αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ συγκλείσματα αὐτῆς· καὶ ἠνοίγετο ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῆς.
And on the top of the base half a cubit [was] the size of it, [there was] a circle on the top of the base, and [there was] the top of its spaces and its borders: and it was open at the top of its spaces.
32
וְאַרְבַּעַת הָאוֹפַנִּים לְמִתַּחַת לַמִּסְגְּרוֹת וִידוֹת הָאוֹפַנִּים בַּמְּכוֹנָה וְקוֹמַת הָאוֹפַן הָאֶחָד אַמָּה וַחֲצִי הָאַמָּה
And the four wheels were underneath the borders; and the axletrees of the wheels were in the base; and the height of a wheel was a cubit and half a cubit.
33
וּמַעֲשֵׂה הָאוֹפַנִּים כְּמַעֲשֵׂה אוֹפַן הַמֶּרְכָּבָה יְדוֹתָם וְגַבֵּיהֶם וְחִשֻּׁקֵיהֶם וְחִשֻּׁרֵיהֶם הַכֹּל מוּצָק
And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel; their axletrees, and their felloes, and their spokes, and their naves, were all molten.
34
וְאַרְבַּע כְּתֵפוֹת אֶל אַרְבַּע פִּנּוֹת הַמְּכֹנָה הָאֶחָת מִן־הַמְּכֹנָה כְּתֵפֶיהָ
And there were four undersetters at the four corners of each base; the undersetters thereof were of one piece with the base itself.
35
וּבְרֹאשׁ הַמְּכוֹנָה חֲצִי הָאַמָּה קוֹמָה עָגֹל סָבִיב וְעַל רֹאשׁ הַמְּכֹנָה יְדֹתֶיהָ וּמִסְגְּרֹתֶיהָ מִמֶּנָּה
And in the top of the base was there a round compass of half a cubit high; and on the top of the base the stays thereof and the borders thereof were of one piece therewith.
36
וַיְפַתַּח עַל־הַלֻּחֹת יְדֹתֶיהָ וְעַל ומסגרתיה מִסְגְּרֹתֶיהָ כְּרוּבִים אֲרָיוֹת וְתִמֹרֹת כְּמַעַר־אִישׁ וְלֹיוֹת סָבִיב
And on the plates of the stays thereof, and on the borders thereof, he graved cherubim, lions, and palm-trees, according to the space of each, with wreaths round about.
Καὶ τὰ συγκλείσματα αὐτῆς χερουβὶμ καὶ λέοντες καὶ φοίνικες ἑστῶτα, ἐχόμενον ἕκαστον κατὰ πρόσωπον ἔσω καὶ τὰ κυκλόθεν.
And its borders [were] cherubs, and lions, and palm trees, upright, each [was] joined in front [and] within and round about.
37
כָּזֹאת עָשָׂה אֵת עֶשֶׂר הַמְּכֹנוֹת מוּצָק אֶחָד מִדָּה אַחַת קֶצֶב אֶחָד לְכֻלָּהְנָה
After this manner he made the ten bases; all of them had one casting, one measure, and one form.
Κατʼ αὐτὴν ἐποίησε πάσας τὰς δέκα μεχωνὼθ, τάξιν μίαν καὶ μέτρον ἓν πάσαις.
According to the same form he made all the ten bases, [even] one order and one measure to all.
38
וַיַּעַשׂ עֲשָׂרָה כִיֹּרוֹת נְחֹשֶׁת אַרְבָּעִים בַּת יָכִיל הַכִּיּוֹר הָאֶחָד אַרְבַּע בָּאַמָּה הַכִּיּוֹר הָאֶחָד כִּיּוֹר אֶחָד עַל־הַמְּכוֹנָה הָאַחַת לְעֶשֶׂר הַמְּכֹנוֹת
And he made ten lavers of brass: one laver contained forty baths; and every laver was four cubits; and upon every one of the ten bases one laver.
Καὶ ἐποίησε δέκα χυτροκαύλους χαλκοῦς, τεσσαράκοντα χοεῖς χωροῦντα τὸν ἕνα χυτρόκαυλον μετρήσει τεσσάρων πήχων· χυτρόκαυλος ὁ εἷς ἐπὶ τῇ μεχωνὼθ τῇ μιᾷ ταῖς δέκα μεχωνώθ.
And he made ten brazen lavers, each laver containing forty baths, [and] measuring four cubits, each laver [placed] on a several base throughout the ten bases.
39
וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־הַמְּכֹנוֹת חָמֵשׁ עַל־כֶּתֶף הַבַּיִת מִיָּמִין וְחָמֵשׁ עַל־כֶּתֶף הַבַּיִת מִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ וְאֶת־הַיָּם נָתַן מִכֶּתֶף הַבַּיִת הַיְמָנִית קֵדְמָה מִמּוּל נֶגֶב
And he set the bases, five on the right side of the house, and five on the left side of the house; and he set the sea on the right side of the house eastward, toward the south.
Καὶ ἔθετο τὰς πέντε μεχωνὼθ ἀπὸ τῆς ὠμίας τοῦ οἴκου ἐκ δεξιῶν, καὶ πέντε ἀπὸ τῆς ὠμίας τοῦ οἴκου ἐξ ἀριστερῶν· καὶ ἡ θάλασσα ἀπὸ τῆς ὡμίας τοῦ οἴκου ἐκ δεξιῶν κατʼ ἀνατολὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ κλίτους τοῦ Νότου.
And he put five bases on the right side of the house, and five on the left side of the house: and the sea was placed on the right side of the house eastward in the direction of the south.
40
וַיַּעַשׂ חִירוֹם אֶת־הַכִּיֹּרוֹת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִים וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָקוֹת וַיְכַל חִירָם לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־כָּל־הַמְּלָאכָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה בֵּית יְהוָה
And Hiram made the pots, and the shovels, and the basins. So Hiram made an end of doing all the work that he wrought for king Solomon in the house of HaShem:
Καὶ ἐποίησε Χιρὰμ τοὺς λέβητας καὶ τὰς θερμαστρεῖς καὶ τὰς φιάλας· καὶ συνετέλεσε Χιρὰμ ποιῶν πάντα τὰ ἔργα ἃ ἐποίησε τῷ βασιλεῖ Σαλωμὼν ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου·
And Hiram made the caldrons, and the pans, and the bowls; and Hiram finished making all the works that he wrought for King Solomon in the house of the Lord:
41
עַמֻּדִים שְׁנַיִם וְגֻלֹּת הַכֹּתָרֹת אֲשֶׁר־עַל־רֹאשׁ הָעַמֻּדִים שְׁתָּיִם וְהַשְּׂבָכוֹת שְׁתַּיִם לְכַסּוֹת אֶת־שְׁתֵּי גֻּלֹּת הַכֹּתָרֹת אֲשֶׁר עַל־רֹאשׁ הָעַמּוּדִים
the two pillars, and the two bowls of the capitals that were on the top of the pillars; and the two networks to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were on the top of the pillars;
Στύλους δύο, καὶ τὰ στρεπτὰ τῶν στύλων ἐπὶ τῶν κεφαλῶν τῶν στύλων δύο· καὶ τὰ δίκτυα δύο τοῦ καλύπτειν ἀμφότερα τὰ στρεπτὰ τῶν γλυφῶν τὰ ὄντα ἐπὶ τῶν στύλων.
two pillars and the wreathen works of the pillars on the heads of the two pillars; and the two networks to cover both the wreathen works of the flutings that were upon the pillars.
42
וְאֶת־הָרִמֹּנִים אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת לִשְׁתֵּי הַשְּׂבָכוֹת שְׁנֵי־טוּרִים רִמֹּנִים לַשְּׂבָכָה הָאֶחָת לְכַסּוֹת אֶת־שְׁתֵּי גֻּלֹּת הַכֹּתָרֹת אֲשֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵי הָעַמּוּדִים
and the four hundred pomegranates for the two networks, two rows of pomegranates for each network, to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were upon the top of the pillars;
Τὰς ῥοὰς τετρακοσίας ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς δικτύοις, δύο στίχοι ῥοῶν τῷ δικτύῳ τῷ ἑνὶ, περικαλύπτειν ἀμφότερα τὰ ὄντα τὰ στρεπτὰ τῆς μεχωνὼθ ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς στύλοις·
The four hundred pomegranates for both the networks, two rows of pomegranates for one network, to cover both the wreathen works of the bases belonging to both pillars.
43
וְאֶת־הַמְּכֹנוֹת עָשֶׂר וְאֶת־הַכִּיֹּרֹת עֲשָׂרָה עַל־הַמְּכֹנוֹת
and the ten bases, and the ten lavers on the bases;
Καὶ τὰ μεχωνὼθ δέκα, καὶ τοὺς χυτροκαύλους δέκα ἐπὶ τῶν μεχωνώθ·
And the ten bases, and the ten lavers upon the bases.
44
וְאֶת־הַיָּם הָאֶחָד וְאֶת־הַבָּקָר שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר תַּחַת הַיָּם
and the one sea, and the twelve oxen under the sea;
Καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν μίαν, καὶ τοὺς βόας δώδεκα ὑποκάτω τῆς θαλάσσης·
And one sea, and the twelve oxen under the sea.
45
וְאֶת־הַסִּירוֹת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִים וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָקוֹת וְאֵת כָּל־הַכֵּלִים האהל הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה חִירָם לַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה בֵּית יְהוָה נְחֹשֶׁת מְמֹרָט
and the pots, and the shovels, and the basins; even all these vessels, which Hiram made for king Solomon, in the house of HaShem, were of burnished brass.
Καὶ τοὺς λέβητας καὶ τὰς θερμαστρεῖς καὶ τὰς φιάλας καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη, ἃ ἐποίησε Χιρὰμ τῷ βασιλεῖ Σαλωμὼν τῷ οἴκῳ Κυρίου· καὶ οἱ στύλοι τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ὀκτὼ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τοῦ οἴκου Κυρίου· πάντα τὰ ἔργα τοῦ βασιλέως ἃ ἐποίησε Χιρὰμ χαλκᾶ ἄρδην.
And the caldrons, and pans, and bowls, and all the furniture, which Hiram made for King Solomon for the house of the Lord: and [there were] eight and forty pillars of the house of the king and of the house of the Lord: all the works of the king which Hiram made were entirely of brass.
Οὐκ ἦν σταθμὸς τοῦ χαλκοῦ οὗ ἐποίησε πάντα τὰ ἔργα ταῦτα ἐκ πλήθους σφόδρα· οὐκ ἦν τέρμα τῶν σταθμῶν τοῦ χαλκοῦ.
There was no reckoning of the brass of which he made all these works, from the very great abundance, there was no end of the weight of the brass.
46
בְּכִכַּר הַיַּרְדֵּן יְצָקָם הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּמַעֲבֵה הָאֲדָמָה בֵּין סֻכּוֹת וּבֵין צָרְתָן
In the plain of the Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarethan.
Ἐν τῷ περιοίκῳ τοῦ Ἰορδάνου ἐχώνευσεν αὐτὰ ἐν τῷ πάχει τῆς γῆς ἀναμέσον Σοκχὼθ καὶ ἀναμέσον Σειρά.
In the country round about Jordan did he cast them, in the clay land between Succoth and Zarethan.
47
וַיַּנַּח שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת־כָּל־הַכֵּלִים מֵרֹב מְאֹד מְאֹד לֹא נֶחְקַר מִשְׁקַל הַנְּחֹשֶׁת
And Solomon left all the vessels unweighed, because they were exceeding many; the weight of the brass could not be found out.
48
וַיַּעַשׂ שְׁלֹמֹה אֵת כָּל־הַכֵּלִים אֲשֶׁר בֵּית יְהוָה אֵת מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב וְאֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָן אֲשֶׁר עָלָיו לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים זָהָב
And Solomon made all the vessels that were in the house of HaShem: the golden altar, and the table whereupon the showbread was, of gold;
Καὶ ἔλαβεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμὼν τὰ σκεύη ἃ ἐποίησεν ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου, τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν, καὶ τὴν τράπεζαν ἐφʼ ἧς οἱ ἄρτοι τῆς προσφορᾶς, χρυσῆν,
And King Solomon took the furniture which [Hiram] made for the house of the Lord, the golden altar, and the golden table of showbread.
49
וְאֶת־הַמְּנֹרוֹת חָמֵשׁ מִיָּמִין וְחָמֵשׁ מִשְּׂמֹאול לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיר זָהָב סָגוּר וְהַפֶּרַח וְהַנֵּרֹת וְהַמֶּלְקַחַיִם זָהָב
and the candlesticks, five on the right side, and five on the left, before the Sanctuary, of pure gold; and the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, of gold;
καὶ τὰς λυχνίας πέντε ἐξ ἀριστερῶν, καὶ πέντε ἐκ δεξιῶν κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ δαβὶρ χρυσᾶς συγκλειομένας, καὶ τὰ λαμπάδια, καὶ τοὺς λύχνους, καὶ τὰς ἐπαρύστρις χρυσᾶς.
And [he put] the five candlesticks on the left, and five on the right in front of the oracle, [being] of pure gold, and the lampstands, and the lamps, and the snuffers of gold.
50
וְהַסִּפּוֹת וְהַמְזַמְּרוֹת וְהַמִּזְרָקוֹת וְהַכַּפּוֹת וְהַמַּחְתּוֹת זָהָב סָגוּר וְהַפֹּתוֹת לְדַלְתוֹת הַבַּיִת הַפְּנִימִי לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים לְדַלְתֵי הַבַּיִת לַהֵיכָל זָהָב
and the cups, and the snuffers, and the basins, and the pans, and the fire-pans, of pure gold; and the hinges, both for the doors of the inner house, the most holy place, and for the doors of the house, that is, of the temple, of gold.
Καὶ τὰ πρόθυρα, καὶ οἱ ἧλοι, καὶ αἱ φιάλαι, καὶ τὰ τρυβλία, καὶ αἱ θυΐσκαι χρυσαῖ, συγκλειστά· καὶ τὰ θυρώματα τῶν θυρῶν τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ ἐσωτάτου ἁγίου τῶν ἁγίων, καὶ τὰς θύρας τοῦ ναοῦ χρυσᾶς.
And [there were made] the porches, and the nails, and the bowls, and the spoons, and the golden censers, of pure gold: and the panels of the doors of the innermost part of the house, [even] the holy of holies, and the golden doors of the temple.
51
וַתִּשְׁלַם כָּל־הַמְּלָאכָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה בֵּית יְהוָה וַיָּבֵא שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת־קָדְשֵׁי דָּוִד אָבִיו אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף וְאֶת־הַזָּהָב וְאֶת־הַכֵּלִים נָתַן בְּאֹצְרוֹת בֵּית יְהוָה
Thus all the work that king Solomon wrought in the house of HaShem was finished. And Solomon brought in the things which David his father had dedicated, the silver, and the gold, and the vessels, and put them in the treasuries of the house of HaShem.
Καὶ ἀνεπληρώθη τὸ ἔργον ὃ ἐποίησε Σαλωμὼν οἴκου Κυρίου· καὶ εἰσήνεγκε Σαλωμὼν τὰ ἅγια Δαυὶδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἅγια Σαλωμὼν, τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον καὶ τὰ σκεύη ἔδωκεν εἰς τοὺς θησαυροὺς οἴκου Κυρίου.
So the work of the house of the Lord which Solomon wrought was finished; and Solomon brought in the holy things of David his father, and all the holy things of Solomon; he put the silver, and the gold, and the furniture, into the treasures of the house of the Lord.
καὶ συνετέλεσε Σαλωμὼν ὅλον τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ.
and Solomon finished all his house.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: Credits and licences.