Textorah

I Kings 12

1
וַיֵּלֶךְ רְחַבְעָם שְׁכֶם כִּי שְׁכֶם בָּא כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהַמְלִיךְ אֹתוֹ
And Rehoboam went to Shechem; for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him king.
Καὶ πορεύεται βασιλεὺς Ῥοβοὰμ εἰς Σίκιμα, ὅτι εἰς Σίκιμα ἤρχοντο πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ βασιλεῦσαι αὐτόν.
And King Rehoboam goes to Shechem; for all Israel were coming to Shechem to make him king.
2
וַיְהִי כִּשְׁמֹעַ יָרָבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט וְהוּא עוֹדֶנּוּ בְמִצְרַיִם אֲשֶׁר בָּרַח מִפְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה וַיֵּשֶׁב יָרָבְעָם בְּמִצְרָיִם
And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat heard of it--for he was yet in Egypt, whither he had fled from the presence of king Solomon, and Jeroboam dwelt in Egypt,
3
וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ וַיִּקְרְאוּ־לוֹ ויבאו וַיָּבֹא יָרָבְעָם וְכָל־קְהַל יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיְדַבְּרוּ אֶל־רְחַבְעָם לֵאמֹר
and they sent and called him--that Jeroboam and all the congregation of Israel came, and spoke unto Rehoboam, saying:
Καὶ ἐλάλησεν ὁ λαὸς πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Ῥοβοὰμ, λέγοντες,
And the people spoke to King Rehoboam, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy;
4
אָבִיךָ הִקְשָׁה אֶת־עֻלֵּנוּ וְאַתָּה עַתָּה הָקֵל מֵעֲבֹדַת אָבִיךָ הַקָּשָׁה וּמֵעֻלּוֹ הַכָּבֵד אֲשֶׁר־נָתַן עָלֵינוּ וְנַעַבְדֶךָּ
'Thy father made our yoke grievous; now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.'
Ὁ πατήρ σου ἐβάρυνε τὸν κλοιὸν ἡμῶν, καὶ σὺ νῦν κούφισον ἀπὸ τῆς δουλείας τοῦ πατρός σου τῆς σκληρᾶς, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ κλοιοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ βαρέως, οὗ ἔδωκεν ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς, καὶ δουλεύσομέν σοι.
but do thou now lighten somewhat of the hard service of thy father, and of his heavy yoke which he put upon us, and we will serve thee.
5
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם לְכוּ עֹד שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים וְשׁוּבוּ אֵלָי וַיֵּלְכוּ הָעָם
And he said unto them: 'Depart yet for three days, then come again to me.' And the people departed.
Καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτοὺς, ἀπέλθετε ἕως ἡμερῶν τριῶν, καὶ ἀναστρέψατε πρὸς μέ· καὶ ἀπῆλθον.
And he said to them, Depart for three days, and return to me. And they departed.
6
וַיִּוָּעַץ הַמֶּלֶךְ רְחַבְעָם אֶת־הַזְּקֵנִים אֲשֶׁר־הָיוּ עֹמְדִים אֶת־פְּנֵי שְׁלֹמֹה אָבִיו בִּהְיֹתוֹ חַי לֵאמֹר אֵיךְ אַתֶּם נוֹעָצִים לְהָשִׁיב אֶת־הָעָם־הַזֶּה דָּבָר
And king Rehoboam took counsel with the old men, that had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying: 'What counsel give ye me to return answer to this people?'
Καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις, οἳ ἦσαν παρεστῶτες ἐνώπιον Σαλωμὼν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἔτι ζῶντος αὐτοῦ, λέγων, πῶς ὑμεῖς βουλεύεσθε καὶ ἀποκριθῶ τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ λόγον;
And the king referred [the matter] to the elders, who stood before Solomon his father while he was yet living, saying, How do ye advise that I should answer this people?
7
וידבר וַיְדַבְּרוּ אֵלָיו לֵאמֹר אִם־הַיּוֹם תִּהְיֶה־עֶבֶד לָעָם הַזֶּה וַעֲבַדְתָּם וַעֲנִיתָם וְדִבַּרְתָּ אֲלֵיהֶם דְּבָרִים טוֹבִים וְהָיוּ לְךָ עֲבָדִים כָּל־הַיָּמִים
And they spoke unto him, saying: 'If thou wilt be a servant unto this people this day, and wilt serve them, and answer them, and speak good words to them, then they will be thy servants for ever.'
Καὶ ἐλάλησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν, λέγοντες, εἰ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ ἔσῃ δοῦλος τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ, καὶ δουλεύσεις αὐτοῖς, καὶ λαλήσεις πρὸς αὐτοὺς λόγους ἀγαθοὺς, καὶ ἔσονταί σοι δοῦλοι πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας.
And they spoke to him, saying, If thou wilt this day be a servant to this people, and wilt serve them, and wilt speak to them good words, then will they be thy servants continually.
8
וַיַּעֲזֹב אֶת־עֲצַת הַזְּקֵנִים אֲשֶׁר יְעָצֻהוּ וַיִּוָּעַץ אֶת־הַיְלָדִים אֲשֶׁר גָּדְלוּ אִתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר הָעֹמְדִים לְפָנָיו
But he forsook the counsel of the old men which they had given him, and took counsel with the young men that were grown up with him, that stood before him.
Καὶ ἐγκατέλιπε τὴν βουλὴν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ἃ συνεβουλεύσαντο αὐτῷ, καὶ συνεβουλεύσατο μετὰ τῶν παιδαρίων τῶν ἐκτραφέντων μετʼ αὐτοῦ τῶν παρεστηκότων πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ.
But he forsook the counsel of the old men which they gave him, and consulted with the young men who were brought up with him, who stood in his presence.
9
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם מָה אַתֶּם נוֹעָצִים וְנָשִׁיב דָּבָר אֶת־הָעָם הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר דִּבְּרוּ אֵלַי לֵאמֹר הָקֵל מִן־הָעֹל אֲשֶׁר־נָתַן אָבִיךָ עָלֵינוּ
And he said unto them: 'What counsel give ye, that we may return answer to this people, who have spoken to me, saying: Make the yoke that thy father did put upon us lighter?'
Καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, τί ὑμεῖς συμβουλεύετε; καὶ τί ἀποκριθῶ τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ τοῖς λέγουσι πρὸς μὲ, λεγόντων, κούφισον ἀπὸ τοῦ κλοιοῦ οὗ ἔδωκεν ὁ πατήρ σου ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς;
And he said to them, What counsel do ye give? And what shall I answer to this people who speak to me, saying, Lighten somewhat of the yoke which thy father has put upon us?
10
וַיְדַבְּרוּ אֵלָיו הַיְלָדִים אֲשֶׁר גָּדְלוּ אִתּוֹ לֵאמֹר כֹּה־תֹאמַר לָעָם הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר דִּבְּרוּ אֵלֶיךָ לֵאמֹר אָבִיךָ הִכְבִּיד אֶת־עֻלֵּנוּ וְאַתָּה הָקֵל מֵעָלֵינוּ כֹּה תְּדַבֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם קָטָנִּי עָבָה מִמָּתְנֵי אָבִי
And the young men that were grown up with him spoke unto him, saying: `Thus shalt thou say unto this people that spoke unto thee, saying: Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou speak unto them: My little finger is thicker than my father's loins.
Καὶ ἐλάλησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν τὰ παιδάρια τὰ ἐκτραφέντα μετʼ αὐτοῦ οἱ παρεστηκότες πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ, λέγοντες, τάδε λαλήσεις τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ τοῖς λαλήσασι πρὸς σὲ, λέγοντες, ὁ πατήρ σου ἐβάρυνε τὸν κλοιὸν ἡμῶν, καὶ σὺ νῦν κούφισον ἀφʼ ἡμῶν· τάδε λαλήσεις πρὸς αὐτοὺς, ἡ μικρότης μου παχυτέρα τῆς ὀσφύος τοῦ πατρός μου.
And the young men who had been brought up with him, who stood before his face, spoke to him, saying, Thus shalt thou say to this people who have spoken to thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, and do thou now lighten it from off us: thus shalt thou say to them, My little [finger shall be] thicker than my father’s loins.
11
וְעַתָּה אָבִי הֶעְמִיס עֲלֵיכֶם עֹל כָּבֵד וַאֲנִי אוֹסִיף עַל־עֻלְּכֶם אָבִי יִסַּר אֶתְכֶם בַּשּׁוֹטִים וַאֲנִי אֲיַסֵּר אֶתְכֶם בָּעַקְרַבִּים
And now whereas my father did burden you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.'
Καὶ νῦν ὁ πατήρ μου ἐπεσάσσετο ὑμᾶς κλοιῷ βαρεῖ, κᾀλὼ προσθήσω ἐπὶ τὸν κλοιὸν ὑμῶν· ὁ πατήρ μου ἐπαίδευσεν ὑμᾶς ἐν μάστιξιν, ἐγὼ δὲ παιδεύσω ὑμᾶς ἐν σκορπίοις.
And whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I also will add to your yoke: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.
12
ויבו וַיָּבוֹא יָרָבְעָם וְכָל־הָעָם אֶל־רְחַבְעָם בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר הַמֶּלֶךְ לֵאמֹר שׁוּבוּ אֵלַי בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי
So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king bade, saying: 'Come to me again the third day.'
Καὶ παρεγένοντο πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Ῥοβοὰμ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ, καθότι ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς ὁ βασιλεὺς, λέγων, ἀναστράφητε πρὸς μὲ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ.
And all Israel came to King Rehoboam on the third day, as the king spoke to them, saying, Return to me on the third day.
13
וַיַּעַן הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת־הָעָם קָשָׁה וַיַּעֲזֹב אֶת־עֲצַת הַזְּקֵנִים אֲשֶׁר יְעָצֻהוּ
And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the counsel of the old men which they had given him;
Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς τὸν λαὸν σκληρά· καὶ ἐγκατέλιπε Ῥοβοὰμ τὴν βουλὴν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ἃ συνεβουλεύσαντο αὐτῷ,
And the king answered the people harshly; and Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men which they counseled him.
14
וַיְדַבֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם כַּעֲצַת הַיְלָדִים לֵאמֹר אָבִי הִכְבִּיד אֶת־עֻלְּכֶם וַאֲנִי אֹסִיף עַל־עֻלְּכֶם אָבִי יִסַּר אֶתְכֶם בַּשּׁוֹטִים וַאֲנִי אֲיַסֵּר אֶתְכֶם בָּעַקְרַבִּים
and spoke to them after the counsel of the young men, saying: 'My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke; my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.'
καὶ ἐλάλησε πρὸς αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὴν βουλὴν τῶν παιδαρίων, λέγων, ὁ πατήρ μου ἐβάρυνε τὸν κλοιὸν ὑμῶν, κᾀγὼ προσθήσω ἐπὶ τὸν κλοιὸν ὑμῶν· ὁ πατήρ μου ἐπαίδευσεν ὑμᾶς ἐν μάστιξι, κᾀγὼ παιδεύσω ὑμᾶς ἐν σκορπίοις.
And he spoke to them according to the counsel of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, and I will add to your yoke: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.
15
וְלֹא־שָׁמַע הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל־הָעָם כִּי־הָיְתָה סִבָּה מֵעִם יְהוָה לְמַעַן הָקִים אֶת־דְּבָרוֹ אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהוָה בְּיַד אֲחִיָּה הַשִּׁילֹנִי אֶל־יָרָבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט
So the king hearkened not unto the people; for it was a thing brought about of HaShem, that He might establish His word, which HaShem spoke by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat.
Καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ λαοῦ, ὅτι ἦν μεταστροφὴ παρὰ Κυρίου, ὅπως στήσῃ τὸ ῥῆμα αὐτοῦ ὃ ἐλάλησεν ἐν χειρὶ Ἀχιὰ τοῦ Σηλωνίτου περὶ Ἱεροβοὰμ υἱοῦ Ναβάτ.
And the king hearkened not to the people, because the change was from the Lord, that he might establish his word which he spoke by Ahijah the Shilonite concerning Jeroboam the son of Nebat.
16
וַיַּרְא כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי לֹא־שָׁמַע הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲלֵיהֶם וַיָּשִׁבוּ הָעָם אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּבָר לֵאמֹר מַה־לָּנוּ חֵלֶק בְּדָוִד וְלֹא־נַחֲלָה בְּבֶן־יִשַׁי לְאֹהָלֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַתָּה רְאֵה בֵיתְךָ דָּוִד וַיֵּלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאֹהָלָיו
And when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying: 'What portion have we in David? neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse; to your tents, O Israel; now see to thine own house, David.' So Israel departed unto their tents.
Καὶ εἶδον πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ, ὅτι οὐκ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῶν· καὶ ἀπεκρίθη ὁ λαὸς τῷ βασιλεῖ, λέγων, τίς ἡμῖν μερὶς ἐν Δαυίδ; καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν κληρονομία ἐν υἱῷ Ἰεσσαί· ἀπότρεχε Ἰσραὴλ, εἰς τὰ σκηνώματά σου· νύν βόσκε τὸν οἶκόν σου, Δαυίδ· καὶ ἀπῆλθεν Ἰσραὴλ εἰς τὰ σκηνώματα αὐτοῦ.
And all Israel saw that the king did not hearken to them: and the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse. Depart, O Israel, to thy tents: now feed thine own house, David. So Israel departed to his tents.
17
וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַיֹּשְׁבִים בְּעָרֵי יְהוּדָה וַיִּמְלֹךְ עֲלֵיהֶם רְחַבְעָם
But as for the children of Israel that dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.
18
וַיִּשְׁלַח הַמֶּלֶךְ רְחַבְעָם אֶת־אֲדֹרָם אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַמַּס וַיִּרְגְּמוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל בּוֹ אֶבֶן וַיָּמֹת וְהַמֶּלֶךְ רְחַבְעָם הִתְאַמֵּץ לַעֲלוֹת בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה לָנוּס יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם
Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the levy; and all Israel stoned him with stones, so that he died. And king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.
Καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸν Ἀδωνιρὰμ τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ φόρου, καὶ ἐλιθοβόλησαν αὐτὸν ἐν λίθοις καὶ ἀπέθανε· καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ῥοβοὰμ ἔφθασεν ἀναβῆναι τοῦ φυγεῖν εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ.
And the king sent Adoram who was over the tribute; and they stoned him with stones, and he died: and King Rehoboam made haste to rise to flee to Jerusalem.
19
וַיִּפְשְׁעוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּבֵית דָּוִד עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה
So Israel rebelled against the house of David, unto this day.
Καὶ ἠθέτησεν Ἰσραὴλ εἰς τὸν οἶκον Δαυὶδ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης.
So Israel rebelled against the house of David until this day.
20
וַיְהִי כִּשְׁמֹעַ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי־שָׁב יָרָבְעָם ו͏ַיִּשְׁלְחוּ וַיִּקְרְאוּ אֹתוֹ אֶל־הָעֵדָה וַיַּמְלִיכוּ אֹתוֹ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא הָיָה אַחֲרֵי בֵית־דָּוִד זוּלָתִי שֵׁבֶט־יְהוּדָה לְבַדּוֹ
And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was returned, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel; there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσε πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ ὅτι ἀνέκαμψεν Ἱεροβοὰμ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, καὶ ἀπέστειλαν καὶ ἐκάλεσαν αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν, καὶ ἐβασίλευσαν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ Ἰσραήλ· καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὀπίσω οἴκου Δαυὶδ πάρεξ σκήπτρου Ἰούδα καὶ Βενιαμὶν μόνοι.
And it came to pass when all Israel heard that Jeroboam had returned out of Egypt, that they sent and called him to the assembly, and they made him king over Israel: and none followed the house of David except the tribe of Judah and Benjamin only.
21
ויבאו וַיָּבֹא רְחַבְעָם יְרוּשָׁלִַם וַיַּקְהֵל אֶת־כָּל־בֵּית יְהוּדָה וְאֶת־שֵׁבֶט בִּנְיָמִן מֵאָה וּשְׁמֹנִים אֶלֶף בָּחוּר עֹשֵׂה מִלְחָמָה לְהִלָּחֵם עִם־בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהָשִׁיב אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָה לִרְחַבְעָם בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹה
And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, be assembled all the house of Judah, and the tribe of Benjamin, a hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men that were warriors, to fight against the house of Israel, to bring the kingdom back to Rehoboam the son of Solomon.
Καὶ Ῥοβοὰμ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ ἐξεκκλησίασε τὴν συναγωγὴν Ἰούδα καὶ σκῆπτρον Βενιαμὶν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδας νεανιῶν ποιούντων πόλεμον, τοῦ πολεμεῖν πρὸς οἶκον Ἰσραὴλ, ἐπιστρέψαι τὴν βασιλείαν Ῥοβοὰμ υἱῷ Σαλωμών.
And Rehoboam went into Jerusalem, and he assembled the congregation of Judah, and the tribe of Benjamin, a hundred and twenty thousand young men, warriors, to fight against the house of Israel, to recover the kingdom to Rehoboam the son of Solomon.
22
וַיְהִי דְּבַר ה͏ָאֱלֹהִים אֶל־שְׁמַעְיָה אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִים לֵאמֹר
But the word of G-d came unto Shemaiah the man of G-d, saying:
Καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρὸς Σαμαίαν ἄνθρωπον τοῦ Θεοῦ, λέγων,
And the word of the Lord came to Shemaiah the man of God, saying,
23
אֱמֹר אֶל־רְחַבְעָם בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹה מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה וְאֶל־כָּל־בֵּית יְהוּדָה וּבִנְיָמִין וְיֶתֶר הָעָם לֵאמֹר
'Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the rest of the people, saying:
εἶπον τῷ Ῥοβοὰμ υἱῷ Σαλωμὼν βασιλεῖ Ἰούδα, καὶ πρὸς πάντα οἶκον Ἰούδα καὶ Βενιαμὶν, καὶ τῷ καταλοίπῳ τοῦ λαοῦ, λέγων,
Speak to Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and to all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the remnant of the people, saying,
24
כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה לֹא־תַעֲלוּ וְלֹא־תִלָּחֲמוּן עִם־אֲחֵיכֶם בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל שׁוּבוּ אִישׁ לְבֵיתוֹ כִּי מֵאִתִּי נִהְיָה הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ אֶת־דְּבַר יְהוָה וַיָּשֻׁבוּ לָלֶכֶת כִּדְבַר יְהוָה
Thus saith HaShem: Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren the children of Israel; return every man to his house; for this thing is of Me.' So they hearkened unto the word of HaShem, and returned and went their way, according to the word of HaShem.
τάδε λέγει Κύριος, οὐκ ἀναβήσεσθε οὐδὲ πολεμήσετε μετὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ· ἀποστρεφέτω ἕκαστος εἰς τὸν οἶκον ἑαυτοῦ, ὅτι παρʼ ἐμοῦ γέγονε τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο· καὶ ἤκουσαν τοῦ λόγου Κυρίου, καὶ κατέπαυσαν τοῦ πορευθῆναι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου. 24aΚαὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμὼν κοιμᾶται μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ, καὶ θάπτεται μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ, ἐν πόλει Δαυίδ· καὶ ἐβασίλευσε Ῥοβοὰμ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, υἱὸς ὢν ἑκκαίδεκα ἐτῶν ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν, καὶ δώδεκα ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ· καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Ναανὰν, θυγάτηρ Ἄνα υἱοῦ Ναὰς βασιλέως υἱῶν Ἀμμών· καὶ ἐποίησε τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον Κυρίου, καὶ οὐκ ἐπορεύθη ἐν ὁδῷ Δαυὶδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ. 24bΚαὶ ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὄρους Ἐφραὶμ δοῦλος τῷ Σαλωμὼν, καὶ ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ἱεροβοὰμ, καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Σαριρὰ, γυνὴ πόρνη· καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὸν Σαλωμὼν εἰς ἄρχοντα σκυτάλης ἐπὶ ἄρσεις οἴκου Ἰωσήφ· καὶ ᾠκοδόμησε τῷ Σαλωμὼν τὴν Σαριρὰ τὴν ἐν ὄρει Ἐφραίμ· καὶ ἦσαν αὐτῷ τριακόσια ἅρματα ἵππων· οὗτος ᾠκοδόμησε τὴν ἄκραν ἐν ταῖς ἄρσεσιν οἴκου Ἐφραὶμ, οὗτος συνέκλεισε τὴν πόλιν Δαυὶδ, καὶ ἦν ἐπαιρόμενος ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν· 24cκαὶ ἐζήτει Σαλωμὼν θανατῶσαι αὐτόν· καὶ ἐφοβήθη, καὶ ἀπέδρα αὐτὸς πρὸς Σουσακὶμ βασιλέα Αἰγύπτου, καὶ ἦν μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἕως ἀπέθανε Σαλωμών· 24dΚαὶ ἤκουσεν Ἱεροβοὰμ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ὅτι τέθνηκε Σαλωμὼν, καὶ ἐλάλησεν εἰς τὰ ὦτα Σουσακὶμ βασιλέως Αἰγύπτου, λέγων, ἐξαπόστειλόν με, καὶ ἀπελεύσομαι ἐγὼ εἰς τὴν γῆν μου· καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Σουσακὶμ, αἴτησαί τι αἴτημα, καὶ δώσω σοι· 24eκαὶ Σουσακὶμ ἔδωκε τῷ Ἱεροβοὰμ τὴν Ἀνὼ ἀδελφὴν Θεκεμίνας τὴν πρεσβυτέραν τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ αὐτῷ εἰς γυναῖκα· αὕτη ἦν μεγάλη ἐν μέσῳ τῶν θυγατέρων τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ ἔτεκε τῷ Ἱεροβοὰμ τὸν Ἀβιὰ υἱὸν αὐτοῦ· 24fκαὶ εἶπεν Ἱεροβοὰμ πρὸς Σουσακὶμ, ὄντως ἐξαπόστειλόν με, καὶ ἀπελεύσομαι· Καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ἱεροβοὰμ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς γῆν Σαριρὰ τὴν ἐν ὄρει Ἐφραίμ· καὶ συνάγεται ἐκεῖ πᾶν σκῆπτρον Ἐφραίμ· καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐκεῖ Ἱεροβοὰμ χάρακα· 24gΚαὶ ἠῤῥώστησε τὸ παιδάριον αὐτοῦ ἀῤῥωστίᾳ κραταιᾷ σφόδρα· καὶ ἐπορεύθη Ἱεροβοὰμ ἐρωτῆσαι περὶ τοῦ παιδαρίου· καὶ εἶπε πρὸς Ἀνὼ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, ἀνάστηθι, πορεύου, ἐπερώτησον τὸν Θεὸν περὶ τοῦ παιδαρίου, εἰ ζήσεται ἐκ τῆς ἀῤῥωστίας αὐτοῦ· 24hκαὶ ἄνθρωπος ἦν ἐν Σηλὼμ, καὶ ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ἀχιὰ, καὶ οὗτος ἦν υἱὸς ἑξήκοντα ἐτῶν, καὶ ῥῆμα Κυρίου μετʼ αὐτοῦ· καὶ εἶπεν Ἱεροβοὰμ πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, ἀνάστηθι, καὶ λάβε εἰς τὴν χεῖρά σου τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄρτους, καὶ κολλύρια τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτοῦ, καὶ σταφυλὴν, καὶ στάμνον μέλιτος· 24iκαὶ ἀνέστη ἡ γυνὴ, καὶ ἔλαβεν εἰς τὴν χεῖρα αὐτῆς ἄρτους, καὶ δύο κολλύρια, καὶ σταφυλὴν, καὶ στάμνον μέλιτος τῷ Ἀχιά· καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος πρεσβύτερος, καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ ἠμβλυώπουν τοῦ ἰδεῖν· 24kκαὶ ἀνέστη ἐκ Σαριρὰ καὶ πορεύεται· καὶ ἐγένετο ἐλθούσης αὐτὴς εἰς τὴν πόλιν πρὸς Ἀχιὰ τὸν Σηλωνίτην, καὶ εἶπεν Ἀχιὰ τῷ παιδαρίῳ αὐτοῦ, ἔξελθε δὴ εἰς ἀπαντὴν Ἀνὼ τῇ γυναικὶ Ἱεροβοὰμ, καὶ ἐρεῖς αὐτῇ, εἴσελθε, καὶ μὴ στῇς, ὅτι τάδε λέγει Κύριος, σκληρὰ ἐγὼ ἐπαποστέλλω ἐπὶ σέ· 24lκαὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ἀνὼ πρὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ εἴπεν αὐτῇ Ἀχιὰ, ἱνατί ἐνήνοχάς μοι ἄρτους, καὶ σταφυλὴν, καὶ κολλύρια, καὶ στάμνον μέλιτος; τάδε λέγει Κύριος, ἰδοὺ σὺ ἀπελεύσῃ ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ, καὶ ἔσται εἰσελθούσης σου τὴν πόλιν εἰς Σαριρὰ, καὶ τὰ κοράσιά σου ἐξλεύσονταί σοι εἰς συνάντησιν, καὶ ἐροῦσί σοι, τὸ παιδάριον τέθνηκεν· 24mὅτι τάδε λέγει Κύριος, ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐξολοθρεύσω τοῦ Ἱεροβοὰμ οὐροῦντα πρὸς τοῖχον, καὶ ἔσονται οἱ τεθνηκότες τοῦ Ἱεροβοὰμ ἐν τῇ πόλει, καταφάγονται οἱ κύνες, καὶ τὸν τεθνηκότα ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ καταφάγεται τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ τὸ παιδάριον κόψεται, οὐαὶ κύριε, ὅτι εὑρέθη ἐν αὐτῷ ῥῆμα καλὸν περὶ τοῦ Κυρίου· 24nΚαὶ ἀπῆλθεν ἡ γυνὴ, ὡς ἤκουσε· καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν Σαριρὰ, καὶ τὸ παιδάριον ἀπέθανε· καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἡ κραυγὴ εἰς ἀπαντήν· καὶ ἐπορεύθη Ἱεροβοὰμ εἰς Σίκιμα τὴν ἐν ὄρει Ἐφραὶμ, καὶ συνήθροισεν ἐκεῖ τὰς φυλὰς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ἀνέβη ἐκεῖ Ῥοβοὰμ υἱὸς Σαλωμών· 24oκαὶ λόγος Κυρίου ἐγένετο πρὸς Σαμαίαν τὸν Ἐνλαμὶ, λέγων, λάβε σεαυτῷ ἱμάτιον καινὸν τὸ οὐκ εἰσεληλυθὸς εἰς ὕδωρ, καὶ ῥῆξον αὐτὸ δώδεκα ῥήγματα, καὶ δώσεις τῷ Ἱεροβοὰμ, καὶ ἐρεῖς αὐτῷ, τάδε λέγει Κύριος, λάβε σεαυτῷ δέκα ῥήγματα τοῦ περιβαλέσθαι σε· καὶ ἔλαβεν Ἱεροβοάμ· καὶ εἶπε Σαμαίας, τάδε λέγει Κύριος ἐπὶ τὰς δέκα φυλὰς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ. 24pΚαὶ εἶπεν ὁ λαὸς πρὸς Ῥοβοὰμ υἱὸν Σαλωμὼν, ὁ πατήρ σου ἐβάρυνε τὸν κλοιὸν αὐτοῦ ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς, καὶ ἐβάρυνε τὰ βρώματα τῆς τραπέζης αὐτοῦ· καὶ νῦν κουφιεῖς ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς, καὶ δουλεύσομέν σοι· 24qκαὶ εἶπε Ῥοβοὰμ πρὸς τὸν λαὸν, ἔτι τριῶν ἡμερῶν, καὶ ἀποκριθήσομαι ὑμῖν ῥῆμα· καὶ εἶπε Ῥοβοὰμ, εἰσαγάγετέ μοι τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ συμβουλεύσομαι μετʼ αὐτῶν τί ἀποκριθῶ τῷ λαῷ ῥῆμα ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ· Καὶ ἐλάλησε Ῥοβοὰμ εἰς τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν, καθὼς ἀπέστειλεν ὁ λαὸς πρὸς αὐτόν· καὶ εἶπον οἱ πρεσβύτεροι τοῦ λαοῦ, οὕτως ἐλάλησε πρὸς σὲ ὁ λαός· 24rΚαὶ διεσκέδασε Ῥοβοὰμ τὴν βουλὴν αὐτῶν, καὶ οὐκ ἤρεσεν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἀπέστειλε, καὶ εἰσήγαγε τοὺς συντρόφους αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς, ταῦτα καὶ ταῦτα ἀπέσταλκεν ὁ λαὸς πρὸς μὲ, λέγων· καὶ εἶπαν οἱ σύντροφοι αὐτοῦ, οὕτως λαλήσεις πρὸς τὸν λαὸν, λέγων, ἡ μικρότης μου παχυτέρα ὑπὲρ τὴν ὀσφῦν τοῦ πατρός μου· ὁ πατήρ μου ἐμαστίγου ὑμᾶς μάστιξιν, ἐγὼ δὲ κατάρξω ὑμᾶς ἐν σκορπίοις. 24sΚαὶ ἤρεσε τὸ ῥῆμα ἐνώπιον Ῥοβοάμ· καὶ ἀπεκρίθη τῷ λαῷ, καθὼς συνεβούλευσαν αὐτῷ οἱ σύντροφοι αὐτοῦ τὰ παιδάρια· 24tκαὶ εἶπε πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ὡς ἀνὴρ εἷς ἕκαστος τῷ πλησίον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀνέκραξαν ἅπαντες, λέγοντες, οὐ μερὶς ἡμῖν ἐν Δαυὶδ, οὐδὲ κληρονομία ἐν υἱῷ Ἰεσσαί· ἕκαστος εἰς τὰ σκηνώματά σου Ἰσραὴλ, ὅτι ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος οὐκ εἰς ἄρχοντα οὐδὲ εἰς ἡγούμενον· 24uκαὶ διεσπάρη πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ἐκ Σικίμων, καὶ ἀπῆλθον ἕκαστος εἰς τὸ σκήνωμα αὐτοῦ· Καὶ κατεκράτησε Ῥοβοὰμ, καὶ ἀπῆλθε, καὶ ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸ ἅρμα αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ· καὶ πορεύονται ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ πᾶν σκῆπτρον Ἰούδα, καὶ πᾶν σκῆπτρον Βενιαμίν. 24xΚαὶ ἐγένετο ἐνισταμένου τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ, καὶ συνήθροισε Ῥοβοὰμ πάντα ἄνδρα Ἰούδα καὶ Βενιαμὶν, καὶ ἀνέβη τοῦ πολεμεῖν πρὸς Ἱεροβοὰμ εἰς Σίκιμα· 24yκαὶ ἐγένετο ῥῆμα Κυρίου πρὸς Σαμαίαν ἄνθρωπον τοῦ Θεοῦ, λέγων, εἶπον τῷ Ῥοβοὰμ βασιλεῖ Ἰούδα, καὶ πρὸς πάντα οἶκον Ἰούδα καὶ Βενιαμὶν, καὶ πρὸς τὸ κατάλειμμα τοῦ λαοῦ, λέγων, τάδε λέγει Κύριος, οὐκ ἀναβήσεσθε οὐδὲ πολεμήσετε πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ὑμῶν υἱοὺς Ἰσραὴλ, ἀναστρέφετε ἕκαστος εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ, ὅτι παρʼ ἐμοῦ γέγονε τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο· 24zκαὶ ἤκουσαν τοῦ λόγου Κυρίου, καὶ ἀνέσχον μὴ πορευθῆναι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου.
Thus saith the Lord, Ye shall not go up, neither shall ye fight with your brethren the sons of Israel: return each man to his own home; for this thing is from me; and they hearkened to the word of the Lord, and they ceased from going up, according to the word of the Lord.
25
וַיִּבֶן יָרָבְעָם אֶת־שְׁכֶם בְּהַר אֶפְרַיִם וַיֵּשֶׁב בָּהּ וַיֵּצֵא מִשָּׁם וַיִּבֶן אֶת־פְּנוּאֵל
Then Jeroboam built Shechem in the hill-country of Ephraim, and dwelt therein; and he went out from thence, and built Penuel.
Καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν Ἱεροβοὰμ τὴν Σίκιμα τὴν ἐν ὄρει Ἐφραὶμ, καὶ κατῴκει ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐκεῖθεν καὶ ᾠκοδόμησε τὴν Φανουήλ.
And Jeroboam built Shechem in Mount Ephraim and dwelt in it, and went forth thence and built Penuel.
26
וַיֹּאמֶר יָרָבְעָם בְּלִבּוֹ עַתָּה תָּשׁוּב הַמַּמְלָכָה לְבֵית דָּוִד
And Jeroboam said in his heart: 'Now will the kingdom return to the house of David.
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἱεροβοὰμ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ, ἰδοὺ νῦν ἐπιστρέψει ἡ βασιλεία εἰς οἴκον Δαυίδ·
And Jeroboam said in his heart, Behold, now the kingdom will return to the house of David.
27
אִם־יַעֲלֶה הָעָם הַזֶּה לַעֲשׂוֹת זְבָחִים בְּבֵית־יְהוָה בִּירוּשָׁלִַם וְשָׁב לֵב הָעָם הַזֶּה אֶל־אֲדֹנֵיהֶם אֶל־רְחַבְעָם מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה וַהֲרָגֻנִי וְשָׁבוּ אֶל־רְחַבְעָם מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה
If this people go up to offer sacrifices in the house of HaShem at Jerusalem, then will the heart of this people turn back unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah; and they will kill me, and return to Rehoboam king of Judah.'
Ἐὰν ἀναβῇ ὁ λαὸς οὗτος ἀναφέρειν θυσίαν ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ ἐπιστραφήσεται καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ πρὸς Κύριον καὶ κύριον αὐτῶν, πρὸς Ῥοβοὰμ βασιλέα Ἰούδα, καὶ ἀποκτενοῦσί με.
If this people shall go up to offer sacrifice in the house of the Lord at Jerusalem, then the heart of the people will return to the Lord, and to their master, to Rehoboam king of Judah, and they will slay me.
28
וַיִּוָּעַץ הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיַּעַשׂ שְׁנֵי עֶגְלֵי זָהָב וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם רַב־לָכֶם מֵעֲלוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם הִנֵּה אֱלֹהֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלוּךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם
Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold; and he said unto them: 'Ye have gone up long enough to Jerusalem; behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.'
Καὶ ἐβουλεύσατο ὁ βασιλεὺς, καὶ ἐπορεύθη, καὶ ἐποίησε δύο δαμάλεις χρυσᾶς, καὶ εἶπε πρὸς τὸν λαὸν, ἱκανούσθω ὑμῖν ἀναβαίνειν εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ· ἰδοὺ θεοί σου Ἰσραὴλ οἱ ἀναγαγόντες σε ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου.
And the king took counsel, and went, and made two golden heifers, and said to the people, Let it suffice you to have gone [hitherto] to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, who brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.
29
וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת־הָאֶחָד בְּבֵית־אֵל וְאֶת־הָאֶחָד נָתַן בְּדָן
And he set the one in Beth-el, and the other put he in Dan.
Καὶ ἔθετο τὴν μίαν ἐν Βαιθὴλ, καὶ τὴν μίαν ἔδωκεν ἐν Δάν.
And he put one in Bethel, and he put the other in Dan.
30
וַיְהִי הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה לְחַטָּאת וַיֵּלְכוּ הָעָם לִפְנֵי הָאֶחָד עַד־דָּן
And this thing became a sin; for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ὁ λόγος οὗτος εἰς ἁμαρτίαν· καὶ ἐπορεύετο ὁ λαὸς πρὸ προσώπου τῆς μιᾶς ἕως Δὰν, καὶ εἴασαν τὸν οἶκον Κυρίου
And this thing became a sin; and the people went before one as far as Dan, and left the house of the Lord.
31
וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־בֵּית בָּמוֹת וַיַּעַשׂ כֹּהֲנִים מִקְצוֹת הָעָם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־הָיוּ מִבְּנֵי לֵוִי
And he made houses of high places, and made priests from among all the people, that were not of the sons of Levi.
Καὶ ἐποίησεν οἴκους ἐφʼ ὑψηλῶν, καὶ ἐποίησεν ἱερεῖς μέρος τι ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ, οἳ οὐκ ἦσαν ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Λευί.
And he made houses on the high places, and made priests of any part of the people, who were not of the sons of Levi.
32
וַיַּעַשׂ יָרָבְעָם חָג בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי בַּחֲמִשָּׁה־עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ כֶּחָג אֲשֶׁר בִּיהוּדָה וַיַּעַל עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ כֵּן עָשָׂה בְּבֵית־אֵל לְזַבֵּחַ לָעֲגָלִים אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה וְהֶעֱמִיד בְּבֵית אֵל אֶת־כֹּהֲנֵי הַבָּמוֹת אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה
And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he went up unto the altar; so did he in Beth-el, to sacrifice unto the calves that he had made; and he placed in Beth-el the priests of the high places that he had made.
Καὶ ἐποίησεν Ἱεροβοὰμ ἑορτὴν ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ὀγδόῳ ἐν τῇ πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ μηνὸς κατὰ τὴν ἑορτὴν τὴν ἐν γῇ Ἰούδα, καὶ ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ὃ ἐποίησεν ἐν Βαιθὴλ τοῦ θύειν ταῖς δαμάλεσιν αἷς ἐποίησε, καὶ παρέστησεν ἐν Βαιθὴλ τοὺς ἱερεῖς τῶν ὑψηλῶν ὧν ἐποίησε.
And Jeroboam appointed a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, according to the feast in the land of Judah;
33
וַיַּעַל עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה בְּבֵית־אֵל בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר יוֹם בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי בַּחֹדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּדָא מלבד מִלִּבּוֹ וַיַּעַשׂ חָג לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּעַל עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לְהַקְטִיר
And he went up unto the altar which he had made in Beth-el on the fifteenth day in the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and he ordained a feast for the children of Israel, and went up unto the altar, to offer.
Καὶ ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ὃ ἐποίησε, τῇ πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ὀγδόῳ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ ᾗ ἐπλάσατο ἀπὸ καρδίας αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐποίησεν ἑορτὴν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τοῦ ἐπιθῦσαι.
and went up to the altar which he made in Bethel to sacrifice to the heifers which he made, and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made. And he went up to the altar which he had made, on the fifteenth day in the eighth month, at the feast which he devised out of his own heart; and he made a feast to the children of Israel, and went up to the altar to sacrifice.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

Reading a chapter

Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this site, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org. Their placement was made for this site by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: Credits and licences.